Yadda girman ƙafa yake shafar aikin tuƙi da aikin abin hawa
Abubuwa
Tufafi ke yin mutum, ƙafafun suna yin mota. Shekaru da yawa, a bayyane yake cewa yawancin masu ababen hawa suna tuƙi. Amma wasu sun yi gaba, suna bin taken: "Mafi girma da fadi, mafi kyau." Shin gaskiya ne? Bari mu dubi matsalar daki-daki kuma mu bayyana fa'idodi/asarancin tayoyin kunkuntar tayoyi da faffadan tayoyi na zaɓi.
Ana samun fayafai a yau a nau'ikan siffofi, girma, launuka, don haka mai yuwuwar memba yana jin za su iya zaɓar duk wani abu da zai dace da mahaifinsu. Don haka, bayanan da ke cikin takardar bayanan da sarari a ƙarƙashin fuka-fuki sun kasance kawai iyakancewa. A zahiri, duk da haka, akwai iyakoki da yawa waɗanda, idan aka yi watsi da su, na iya tasiri sosai kan aikin tuƙi, jin daɗin tuƙi ko aminci. Har ila yau, ya kamata a la'akari da cewa ƙafafun su ne kawai wurin tuntuɓar abin hawa tare da hanya.
Nauyin ƙafa
Mutane kaɗan ne ke sha'awar keɓaɓɓen babur mai girma za su tambayi kansu wannan tambayar. A lokaci guda kuma, nauyin talakawan da ba a san su ba yana da tasirin gaske akan aikin tuki da sarrafa abin hawa. Hakanan, raguwar ƙarfin inertia na keken juyawa yana haɓaka ƙarfin hanzari da raguwa. Game da canjin girman girman inci 1 (inci), ƙimar nauyi yana da ƙanƙanta, idan aka sami ƙaruwa na inci 2 ko sama da haka, ƙimar nauyi ya fi bayyana kuma ya kai kilo da yawa. Tabbas, dole ne a yi la’akari da kayan da aka yi faifan.
Kimiyyar lissafi mai sauƙi ta isa ta bayyana mahimmancin rawar ƙafafun ƙafa. Ƙarfin kuzarin da ke jujjuyawa yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwadon saurin juyawa.
Ek = 1/2 * I * ω2
Gaskiyar cewa wannan adadi mai yawa ana iya nuna shi ta misalin jujjuyawar kekuna. Suna da nauyi, amma idan suna jujjuyawa a cikin mafi ƙarancin saurin gudu, za su iya riƙe babur ɗin tare da babba cikin madaidaiciyar layi ba tare da kamawa ko tuƙi ba. Dalilin shine abin da ake kira tasirin gyroscopic, saboda wanda canza alkiblar motsi ya fi wahala, mafi girman saurin jujjuyawar ƙafa.
Haka yake da ƙafafun motoci. Gwargwadon nauyin su, yana da wahalar canza alkibla, kuma muna hango wannan a matsayin abin da ake kira jagorar wuta. Ƙafafun ƙafa masu nauyi suna sa ya zama da wahala a sassauta motsi yayin wucewa. Hakanan yana ɗaukar ƙarin ƙarfi don juyawa ko jujjuya su. birki.
Motsawar abin hawa
Har ila yau faɗin tayoyin ba shi da wani tasiri a kan rawar da motar ke takawa. Yankin tuntuɓar da ya fi girma yana nufin ƙarin jujjuyawar juyawa yayin amfani da irin wannan tattake. An fi bayyana hakan tare da injunan da ba su da ƙarfi, inda hanzarta daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h za a iya rage ta da goma cikin goma na daƙiƙa. Dangane da manyan injina masu ƙarfi, wannan banbanci ba shi da mahimmanci.
A wasu lokuta (tare da injuna masu ƙarfi) wannan tasirin har ma akasin haka ne, tunda babban motar tana da yanki mafi girma tare da hanyar, wanda ke nunawa cikin ƙarancin zamewa yayin hanzarin hanzari don haka mafi kyawun haɓaka hanzari.
Girma mafi girma
Faɗin taya kuma yana shafar babban gudu. Koyaya, a cikin wannan yanayin, tasirin babban jujjuyawar jujjuyawar yana da ƙarancin magana fiye da yadda ake hanzari. Wannan saboda sauran tsayayyar motsi suna shigowa cikin wasa, kuma mafi girman juriya yana faruwa tsakanin iskar jiki, amma kuma tsakanin ƙafafun da kansu, waɗanda ke tashi ta faɗin saurin.
Nisan birki
A kan busassun saman, faɗin faranti, gajeriyar taƙaitaccen birki. Bambanci yana cikin mita. Hakanan ana iya faɗi don rigar birki yayin da akwai ƙarin ƙananan yankuna (gefuna) na ƙirar takalmin da ke gogewa akan hanya.
Sabanin yanayin yana faruwa lokacin da motar ke tuƙi / birki a kan wani rigar ƙasa tare da ci gaba da ruwan ruwa. Ƙara nisa na taya yana rage ƙayyadaddun matsa lamba na taya a kan hanya kuma yana cire ruwa daga fuskar lamba mafi muni. Yankin da ya fi girma na taya mai fadi yana buƙatar ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya zama mafi yawan matsala yayin da sauri ya karu. Don haka, manyan tayoyi suna farawa da wuri, abin da ake kira Swim - hydroplaning lokacin tuki a cikin babban tafkin, kamar tayoyin da ba su da kunkuntar, musamman ma idan tayoyin faffadan taya suna da yawa.
Maneuverability
A saman busassun da rigar, faffadan tayoyin tare da ƙaramin bayanin martaba (ƙananan girma da bangon gefe) suna samar da mafi kyawun jan hankali. Wannan yana nufin mafi kyawu (sauri da kaifi) mu'amala tare da saurin canji na alkibla, saboda akwai ƙarancin nakasu fiye da kunkuntar jiki ko kunkuntar jiki. daidaitaccen taya. Har ila yau, mafi kyawun haɓakawa yana haifar da canji a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lokaci a lokacin saurin kusurwa - g-darajar mafi girma.
Kamar tare da birki, kishiyar yanayin yana faruwa a saman rigar ko akan hanyar rigar. lokacin tuki a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. A kan irin waɗannan hanyoyi, manyan tayoyin za su fara zamewa da zamewa da wuri. Tayoyin kunkuntar suna yin aiki mafi kyau a wannan batun, saboda ƙarancin ruwa ko dusar ƙanƙara ta makale a ƙarƙashin tattake. Yana tafiya ba tare da faɗi cewa kwatanta tayoyin da iri iri da kauri kauri.
Amfani
Har ila yau faɗin tayoyin yana da tasiri ƙwarai a kan amfani da mai na abin hawa. An fi bayyana shi a cikin injunan da ba su da ƙarfi, inda ake buƙatar ƙarin matsin lamba na ƙafa don abubuwan da ake tsammanin. A wannan yanayin, canza taya daga 15 "zuwa 18" na iya nufin haɓaka yawan amfani da mai fiye da 10%. Yawanci, ƙaruwa a diamita na taya na inch 1 da haɓaka daidai da faɗin taya yana nufin haɓaka yawan amfani da mai kusan 2-3%.
Jin dadi tuki
Ƙananan tayoyin da ke da manyan bayanan martaba (misali) sun fi dacewa da tuƙi a kan mafi talauci hanyoyi. Tsayinsu mai tsawo yana lalacewa kuma yana ɗaukar ɓarna akan hanya mafi kyau.
Dangane da hayaniya, faya -fayan faya -fayan yana da ɗan hayaniya kaɗan fiye da ƙaramin taya. Ga mafi yawan tayoyin da ke tattare da irin tafarkin tafiya, wannan banbanci ba shi da mahimmanci.
Canjin saurin sauri a cikin saurin injin
Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, canjin girman taya kuma yana iya shafar saurin abin hawa a cikin saurin injin. A takaice dai, a cikin saurin tachometer, motar zata yi sauri ko sannu a hankali. Juyawar sauri bayan canjin taya acc. diski ya bambanta da kashi. Bari mu kwaikwayi misali akan Škoda Octavia. Muna son canza ƙafafun 195/65 R15 zuwa 205/55 R16. Sakamakon canji a cikin sauri yana da sauƙin lissafi:
Taya 195/65 R15
An nuna girman, misali: 195/65 R15, inda 195 mm shine fadin taya (a mm), kuma 65 shine tsayin taya a matsayin kashi (daga diamita na ciki zuwa waje) dangane da fadin taya. R15 shine diamita na diski a cikin inci (inci ɗaya daidai 25,4 mm).
Tsayin taya v mun yi imani v = nisa * bayanin martaba "v = 195 * 0,65 = 126,75 mm.
Muna lissafin radius na diski a millimeters r = diamita diski * 25,4 / 2 "r = (15 * 25,4) / 2 = 190,5 mm.
A radius na dukan dabaran ne R = r + v »126,75 + 190,5 = 317,25.
Da'irar dabaran O = 2 * π * R "2 * 3,1415 * 317,25 = 1993,28 mm.
Taya 205/55 R16
v = 205 * 0,55 = 112,75 mm.
r = (16 * 25,4) / 2 = 203,2 mm.
R = 112,75 + 203,2 = 315,95 mm.
O = 2 * 3,1415 * 315,95 = 1985,11 mm.
Daga lissafin da ke sama, ana iya ganin cewa ƙafar ƙafar mai girman inci 16 mai girman gaske ta kasance ƙarami kaɗan. Saboda haka, an rage izinin ƙasa na mota da 1,3 mm. Ana ƙididdige tasirin sakamako akan saurin sakamakon ta hanyar dabara Δ = (R2 / R1 – 1) * 100 [%], inda R1 shine radius na asali na dabaran kuma R2 shine sabon radius dabaran.
Δ = (315,95 / 317,25 - 1) * 100 = -0,41%
Bayan canza tayoyin daga 15 "zuwa 16", za a rage saurin da 0,41% kuma tachometer zai nuna saurin 0,41% mafi girma a cikin sauri fiye da na tayoyin 15 ".
A wannan yanayin, canjin saurin saurin sakaci ne. Amma idan muka canza, alal misali, lokacin amfani da ƙafafun daga 185/60 R14 zuwa 195/55 R15 akan Škoda Fabia ko Seat Ibiza, saurin zai ƙaru da kusan 3%, kuma tachometer zai nuna 3% ƙasa da sauri a lokaci ɗaya gudun fiye da yanayin taya 14 ″.
Wannan lissafin shine kawai sassaucin misalin tasirin girman taya. A cikin amfani na gaske, ban da girman gemun da tayoyin, canjin saurin yana kuma tasiri ta zurfin tattake, hauhawar taya da, ba shakka, saurin motsi, tun da jujjuyawar taya ta lalace yayin motsi gwargwadon motsi akan gudun. da tsaurin tsari.
A ƙarshe, taƙaitaccen fa'idodi da rashin amfanin manyan tayoyi masu fa'ida akan madaidaitan masu girma dabam.
| mafi kyau riko kan busassun hanyoyi | Ayyukan tuƙi mara kyau (sarrafawa, birki, riko) a saman saman dusar ƙanƙara ko ruwa |
| mafi kyawun sarrafa abin hawa akan busassun hanyoyi | bayyanar jirgin ruwa a ƙananan gudu |
| mafi kyawun kaddarorin birki akan busassun hanyoyi | ƙara amfani |
| musamman inganta ƙirar motar | lalacewar ta'aziyar tuƙi |
| mafi yawa mafi girma farashin da nauyi |
