Yadda Toyota Hybrid (HSD) ke aiki

Kowa ya san cewa haɗin HSD na Toyota yana da suna don zama bita. Na'urar alamar Jafananci (Aisin haɗin gwiwar) an san shi ba kawai don dacewa ba, amma har ma da aminci mai kyau. Duk da haka, yana da wuyar ganewa saboda sarkarsa da yawancin hanyoyin aiki.

Don haka, za mu yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar yadda na'urar matasan Toyota, sanannen Serial / Parallel HSD e-CVT, ke aiki. Ƙarshen yana ba ku damar hawan 100% lantarki ko haɗin wutar lantarki da thermal. Anan na ɗauki wani ɗan ƙaramin maudu'i mai rikitarwa, kuma wani lokacin ina buƙatar sauƙaƙe shi kaɗan (ko da yake wannan ba ya lalata tunani da ka'ida).

Yanzu ku sani cewa Aisin (AWFHT15) ne ke ƙerawa HSD watsawa, wanda Toyota ke da kashi 30%, kuma suna ba da watsa shirye-shirye na hybrid da waɗanda ba na hybrid ga ƙungiyar PSA idan ana maganar EAT ko e-AT8. kwalaye. (hybrid2 da hybrid4). Yanzu muna cikin ƙarni na huɗu ta fuskar ci gaban fasaha. Yayin da ka'idar gabaɗaya ta kasance iri ɗaya, ƙananan haɓakawa ana yin su ga kayan aikin tsakiya na duniya ko kuma shimfidar wuri don cimma daidaito da inganci (misali, guntuwar tsayin kebul yana rage asarar wutar lantarki).

Bayanin roba

Idan kuna son cikakken ra'ayi na yadda HSD ke aiki, ga bayanin da ya taƙaita shi. Kuna buƙatar ci gaba a cikin labarin don zurfafa zurfi ko ƙoƙarin fahimtar abin da ke ɓoye ku a wannan matakin.

Anan ga rawar kowane bangare da kuma ƙayyadaddun fasaha na HSD:

• ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) injin zafi ne: dukkan makamashi daga gare ta ke zuwa, sabili da haka shi ne tushen komai. An haɗa shi zuwa MG1 ta jirgin ƙasa mai tsauri.
• MG1 yana aiki azaman janareta na lantarki (injin zafi yana motsawa) da kuma bambancin akwatin gearbox. Yana haɗa ICE zuwa MG2 ta hanyar kayan duniya (planetary). Ana haɗa MG2 kai tsaye da ƙafafun, don haka idan ƙafafun sun juya, ya juya, kuma idan ya juya ƙafafun kuma (a takaice, ba zai yiwu a rabu da su ba) ...
• MG2 yana aiki azaman injin jan hankali (mafi girman nisa kilomita 2 ko 50 kilomita akan toshewa / mai caji) kuma azaman janareta na lantarki (raguwa: sabuntawa)
• Planetary Gear: Yana haɗa MG1, MG2, ICE da ƙafafun tare (wannan baya tsoma baki tare da wasu abubuwan da ake amintattu yayin da wasu ke jujjuya, kuna buƙatar koyo da fahimtar yadda kayan duniya ke zuwa rayuwa). Har ila yau, godiya a gare shi, muna da ci gaba da canji / raguwa, sabili da haka shi ne wanda ke wakiltar akwatin gear (gear rabo ya canza, ya sa ta birki ko "juya": haɗin tsakanin ICE da MG1)

Ragewa ya ƙunshi ƙari ko žasa na motsi na ingin konewa na ciki (thermal) da MG2 (wanda aka haɗa da ƙafafun ƙafa, kada mu manta).

Hybrid Planetary Gear Trainer

Wannan bidiyon cikakke ne don samun jin daɗin yadda haɗin gwiwar Toyota ke aiki.

Sabo: Yanayin Jeri na Manual akan Toyota HSD Hybrid?

Injiniyoyin sun iya kwaikwaya (wani bangare ..) rahotannin ta hanyar yin wasa kan yadda MG1 zai birki ko kuma baya ta hanyar da ba ta ci gaba ba don samun cikakkun rahotanni. An samar da rabon kayan aiki ta MG1, wanda fiye ko žasa da ƙarfi kuma fiye ko žasa "zamewa" yana haɗa ICE da MG2 (MG2 = motar motsa jiki, amma kuma, sama da duka, ƙafafun). Sabili da haka, wannan raguwa na iya zama a hankali ko kuma "raguwa" dangane da yadda ake sarrafa mai rarraba wutar lantarki MG1.

Lura, duk da haka, cewa ba a jin canje-canjen gear a wani bangare na kaya ... Kuma a cikakken kaya (mafi girman haɓakawa) muna komawa zuwa ci gaba da canzawa saboda wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo don samun mafi kyawun aikin hanzari tare da wannan tsarin (don haka kwamfutar ta ƙi. don matsawa kayan aiki don matsakaicin hanzari).

Don haka, ana amfani da wannan yanayin don yin birki a ƙasa fiye da tuƙi na wasanni.

Corolla Hybrid 2.0 0-100 da Babban Gudu

Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da yake kama. Abin takaici, a cikakken kaya, muna rasa yanayin jeri kuma ba ma jin kayan aikin.

Dabaru da yawa?

Baya ga tsararraki daban-daban, tsarin THS / HSD / MSHS kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi ga Toyota da Lexus yana da manyan bambance-bambancen guda biyu. Na farko kuma mafi yawanci shine nau'in transverse, wanda a yau yana kunshe a cikin Aisin AWFHT15 (a farkon 90's ana kiransa THS don Toyota Hybrid System. Yanzu HSD na Hybrid Synergy Drive). Ya zo cikin ƙananan ƙira biyu ko žasa: Prius / NX / C-HR (mafi girma), corolla da Yaris (kanana).

Anan akwai ƙarin watsawa na zamani (Prius 4) HSD daga juzu'in juzu'i (yanzu akwai masu girma dabam guda biyu, anan shine mafi girma). Yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi fiye da bambance-bambancen da kuke iya gani a ƙasa (ba wanda ke ƙasa da na tsaye ba, har ma a ƙasa ...)

Toyota Prius IV 2016 1.8 Haɓakar Haɓaka 0-180 km / h

Prius 4 a cikakken maƙura, anan shine sanannen tasirin canjin ci gaba da aka samar ta hanyar haɗin injin / janareta, injin zafi da jirgin ƙasa na tsakiya.

Daga nan sai MSHS ya zo don tsarin matasan matakai masu yawa (wanda ba lallai ne in yi magana game da shi ba a nan ... Amma tun da yake yana aiki iri ɗaya, ya fito daga Aisin kuma an tsara shi don ƙungiyar Toyota ...) hakan yana da kyau sosai. muhimmanci. na'urar da ta fi girma wacce ke buƙatar a sanya ta a tsayi, kuma a wannan lokacin za ta iya samar da kayan aiki na gaske, waɗanda akwai 10 (gears na gaske 4 a cikin akwati da haɗaɗɗun injinan lantarki ta hanyar wayo don cimma 10.Total saboda haka, ba a 4, amma wannan ba kome ba ne).

Akwai ainihin nau'i biyu: AWRHT25 da AWRHM50 (MSHS, wanda ke da rahotanni 10).

Mafi girman sigar tsayin tsayi (a nan AWRHM50) an yi niyya ne da farko don Lexus (ƙaɗan Toyota ne ke da injin a wannan ma'anar). Akwai nau'i biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu zai iya samar da rahotanni na gaske har zuwa 10.

2016 Lexus IS300h 0-100km / h da yanayin tuki (eco, al'ada, wasanni)

Koma zuwa 1:00 minti don ganin yadda AWFHT15 zai iya samar da rahotanni. Abin ban mamaki shine, shahararrun "tsalle cikin sauri" ba a jin lokacin da injin ya cika cikakke ... Wannan saboda na'urar tana da inganci (chronograph) a cikin yanayin bambance-bambancen, don haka cikakken kaya yana haifar da yanayin ci gaba na yau da kullun.

Ta yaya Toyota hybrid ke aiki?

Don haka menene ainihin ƙa'idar na'urar matasan HSD? Idan muka yi takaitacciyar wannan, za mu iya magana game da injin zafi wanda ke aiki tare da injina / janareta biyu (motar lantarki koyaushe tana jujjuyawa) kuma wanda mabambantan magudanar ruwa (na kowane injin) ke sarrafawa da sarrafa su ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta tsakiya, amma Har ila yau ƙarfin lantarki (da kuma jagorancin wutar lantarki) wanda mai rarraba wutar lantarki ke sarrafawa ("inverter" a Turanci). Rage gear (CVT gearbox) ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar lantarki, yana haifar da injin MG1 yana aiki ta wata hanya ta musamman, da kuma ta hanyar kayan aiki na tsakiya na duniya, wanda ke ba da damar haɗa ƙarfi da yawa don fitarwa ɗaya.

Za a iya lalata injin ɗin gaba ɗaya daga ƙafafun, da kuma ta hanyar tuƙi na duniya ...

A taƙaice, ko da muna so mu sauƙaƙa, mun fahimci cewa ba zai zama da sauƙi mu haɗa kai ba, don haka za mu mai da hankali kan ƙa’idodin asali. Duk da haka, na sanya muku bidiyo a cikin Turanci yana ba da cikakkun bayanai, don haka idan kuna son tura shi, ya kamata ku iya yin shi (tare da motsa jiki da lafiyayyen neurons, ba shakka).

Anan ga Prius 2, wanda ba shi da ƙarfi fiye da wanda na nuna muku a sama. Dubi yadda suka haskaka kwampreso A / C (blue zuwa hagu na injin). Lallai, ba kamar kowace na’ura ta “al’ada” ba, injin lantarki ne ke tuka ta. An haɗa ƙafafun zuwa sarkar da za a iya gani a tsakiyar sashin dama (dama a tsakiyar bambance-bambancen lantarki).

lantarki variator kusa

A cikin bayanin martaba, muna ganin ɗayan dakatarwar dabaran da aka haɗa da sarkar ta hanyar bambanta.

Daban-daban hanyoyin aiki

Bari mu dubi nau'ikan nau'ikan na'ura daban-daban da kuma, tare da hanya, dalilin da yasa ake la'akari da shi serial/parallel, yayin da yawanci tsarin matasan shine ko dai ɗaya ko ɗaya. Haɓaka hanyar da aka ƙera HSD ta ba da damar duka biyun, kuma hakan ma ya sa ya zama ɗan wayo ...

Na'urar Toyota HSD: cikakkun bayanai da gine-gine

Anan akwai ƙaƙƙarfan gine-ginen kayan aikin HSD masu launuka masu yawa don taimaka muku yin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.

Hoton yana juye juye idan aka kwatanta da babban hoto saboda an ɗauko shi ta wani kusurwa daban ... Na ɗauki hoton Prius 2 kuma shine dalilin da yasa akwai sarkar a nan, ƙarin nau'ikan zamani ba su da shi, amma ka'idar ba ta canza ba. a kowane hali (ya kasance sarkar, shaft ko kayan aiki iri ɗaya ne.

Anan ne tsarin daki-daki, saboda ya kamata a fahimci cewa an samu kama a nan saboda karfin lantarki tsakanin rotor da stator MG1.

An haɗa MG1 zuwa injin ta hanyar saitin kayan aiki na duniya (kore) na saitin kayan aikin duniya. Wato, don juya MG1 rotor (sashe na tsakiya), injin zafi yana tafiya ta hanyar kayan aiki na duniya. Na haskaka wannan jirgin kasa da injin a launi daya don mu iya ganin haɗin jikinsu a fili. Bugu da ƙari, kuma ba a bayyana shi a cikin zane-zane ba, tauraron tauraron dan adam da blue center sun gear MG1 suna da alaƙa da kyau a jiki (akwai rata a tsakanin su), kamar yadda rawanin (gefen jirgin kasa). da koren tauraron dan adam na injin zafi.

MG2 yana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa ƙafafun ta hanyar sarkar, amma kuma yana fitar da kayan aiki na waje na kayan duniya na tsakiya (kambi shuɗi ne, na zaɓi launi ɗaya don tsawaita kayan aikin duniya don mu iya ganin an haɗa shi da MG2. )...

Anan akwai akwatin gear na duniya a gaba, ba a cikin bayanin martaba ba a cikin zanen da ke sama, za mu iya ganin haɗin kai tsakanin gears daban-daban masu alaƙa da MG1, MG2 da ICE.

Wahalar ya ta'allaka ne a fahimtar ka'idar jirgin ƙasa, sanin cewa motsin cikin gida bai zo daidai ba dangane da yanayin motsi, amma kuma akan saurin ...

Babu kama?

Ba kamar sauran watsawa ba, HSD baya buƙatar kama ko mai juyawa (misali, CVT yana buƙatar mai jujjuyawa). Anan ne ƙarfin lantarki ya ɗaure ƙafafun zuwa injin ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa godiya ga MG1. Sa'an nan kuma rotor da stator na karshen (MG1) ne ke haifar da tasirin gogayya: lokacin da kake jujjuya injin lantarki da hannu, juriya ta taso, kuma shi ne ƙarshen da muke amfani da shi a nan a matsayin clutch.

Har ma ya fi kyau lokacin da, a lokacin gogayya (bambancin saurin tsakanin stator da rotor, don haka tsakanin motar da ƙafafun), ana samun wutar lantarki. Kuma za a adana wutar lantarki a cikin baturi!

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar tsarin HSD yana da hankali sosai, saboda yana ba da ƙarancin asarar makamashi ta hanyar dawo da kuzari a lokacin rikici. A kan classic kama, muna rasa wannan makamashi a cikin zafi, a nan an canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki, wanda muke mayar da shi a cikin baturi.

Don haka, babu kuma lalacewa na inji, tun da babu hulɗar jiki tsakanin rotor da stator.

Lokacin da aka tsaya, injin yana iya tafiya ba tare da tsayawa ba saboda ƙafafun ba sa toshe injin ɗin (wanda zai faru da a ce mun tsaya a kan hanyar sadarwa ba tare da rufewa ba). Kayan aikin rana mai shuɗi (wanda kuma ake kira rago) kyauta ne, don haka yana raba ƙafafun motar (saboda haka koren rawanin duniya gears). A gefe guda kuma, idan kayan aikin rana sun fara karɓar juzu'i, za su haɗa koren gears zuwa rawanin, sannan ƙafafun za su fara juyawa a hankali (jigitsi na lantarki).

Idan kayan aikin rana suna da kyauta, ba za a iya watsa karfi zuwa kambi ba.

Yayin da rotor ke jujjuyawa, sai a samu gogayya a cikin ma’adanin, wanda ke haifar da juzu’i, kuma ana watsa wannan juzu’i zuwa kayan aikin rana, wanda ke kullewa har ma a karshe ya juya ta wata hanya. A sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri haɗin kai tsakanin mashin motar a tsakiya da kuma kayan zobe a gefen (gear = ƙafafun). Lura cewa na'urar kuma tana aiki don tsayawa da farawa: lokacin da kuke son farawa, ya isa a taƙaice toshe kayan rana don injin zafi na ICE don karɓar juzu'i daga MG2 da aka haɗa da motar tuƙi (wannan sannan yana farawa kamar mai farawa. Ya da. Classic).

Don haka, don taƙaita shi:

• Lokacin da yake tsaye, injin zai iya juyawa saboda haɗin tsakanin injin axle da kayan zobe ba a kafa ba: kayan rana kyauta ne (ko da yake Prius gabaɗaya yana rufewa lokacin da yake tsaye don adana mai)
• Ta hanyar haɓaka saurin injin, na'urar tana jujjuya cikin sauri don samar da ƙarfin lantarki, wanda sannan ya watsa juzu'i zuwa kayan aikin rana: ƙirƙirar haɗi tsakanin axis ɗin motar da kayan zobe.
• Lokacin da aka haɗa haɗin, saurin axis ɗin motar da ƙafar zobe daidai suke
• Lokacin da saurin ƙafafun ya yi sauri fiye da injin, kayan aikin rana sun fara jujjuyawa a cikin sauran shugabanci don canza yanayin gear (bayan an kulle komai, yana fara "mirgina" don ƙara saurin tsarin). Maimakon haka, ana iya cewa, ta hanyar karɓar karfin wuta, kayan aikin rana ba kawai suna haɗawa da axles na motoci da motar motar ba, amma kuma yana haifar da haɓakawa daga baya (ba kawai birki "tsayayya" ba, amma kuma yana haifar da su a cikin juyawa. hanyar ta biyo baya)

Yanayin lantarki 100%.

A nan, ICE (thermal) da MG1 Motors ba su taka muhimmiyar rawa ba, MG2 ne ke juya ƙafafun saboda wutar lantarki da aka samu daga baturi (don haka makamashin da ke fitowa daga sunadarai). Kuma ko da MG2 ya juya rotor na MG1, ba zai shafi injin zafi na ICE ba, don haka babu juriya da ke damunmu.

Yanayin caji lokacin da aka tsaya

Injin zafi yana aiki a nan, wanda ke jujjuya MG1 ta cikin jirgin ƙasa. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samar da wutar lantarki a aika zuwa ga mai rarraba wutar lantarki, wanda ke jagorantar wutar lantarki zuwa baturi kawai.

Yanayin dawo da makamashi

Wannan shine sanannen yanayin "B" (braking regenerative), wanda za'a iya gani akan kullin kaya (lokacin da kuka tura shi, akwai ƙarin birki na injin da ke da alaƙa da farfadowar makamashi na MG2, juriya shine electromagnetic). Ƙarfin inertia / motsa jiki yana fitowa daga ƙafafun sabili da haka yana tafiya zuwa MG2 ta hanyar injina da sarkar. Tun da injin lantarki zai iya jujjuya shi, zai haifar da wutar lantarki: idan na aika ruwan 'ya'yan itace zuwa injin lantarki, zai kunna, idan na kunna injin lantarki da hannu, zai samar da wutar lantarki.

Mai rarraba wutar lantarki ne ya kwato shi don aika shi zuwa baturin, sannan za a sake caji.

Wutar lantarki da injin zafi suna aiki tare

A tsayayyen gudu da kuma kyakkyawan gudu, wato, mafi yawan lokuta, ƙafafun za su kasance da ƙarfin lantarki (MG2) da injin zafi.

Injin zafi na ICE yana tafiyar da kayan aikin duniya, wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki a cikin MG1. Wannan kuma zai canja wurin ƙarfin injina zuwa ƙafafun, tunda kayan aikin duniya ma yana haɗa su.

Wannan shine inda matsaloli zasu iya zama iyakancewa, saboda dangane da saurin jujjuyawar kayan aikin duniyar ba zai zama iri ɗaya ba (musamman, jagorar wasu gears).

Akwatin gear-style CVT (canji mai ci gaba da ci gaba kamar kan sikandire) ana ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar hulɗar ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin injina (godiya ga tasirin maganadisu da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ke wucewa ta cikin coils: filin lantarki da aka jawo) da kuma kayan aikin duniya. . wanda ke karɓar ikon tashoshi da yawa. Sa'a don samun wannan dama a hannunku, koda kuwa bidiyon da na sanya a hannun ku zai ba ku damar yin hakan.

Matsakaicin iko

Wannan kadan ne kamar sakin layi na baya, sai dai a nan ma muna daukar wutar lantarki da baturin zai iya bayarwa, don haka MG2 yana amfana da wannan.

Ga sigar Prius 4 na yanzu:

Sigar toshewa/mai caji?

Zaɓin tare da baturi mai caji, yana barin kilomita 50 akan abin hawa mai amfani da wutar lantarki, ya ƙunshi kawai shigar da baturi mafi girma da kuma shigar da na'urar da ke ba da damar haɗa baturin zuwa sashin.

Dole ne ku fara shiga ta hanyar mai rarraba wutar lantarki da inverter don sarrafa bambancin wutar lantarki da nau'ikan ruwan 'ya'yan itace: AC, DC, da sauransu.

HSD 4X4 sigar?

Kamar yadda ya kamata ku sani, nau'in 4X4 yana wanzu akan Rav4 da NX 300H kuma an tsara shi don ƙarawa zuwa ga axle na baya, kamar PSA's E-Tense da HYbrid / HYbrid4. Don haka, kwamfuta ce da ke tabbatar da ci gaba da ƙarfin ƙafafun ƙafafun gaba da na baya, wanda, saboda haka, ba su da haɗin jiki.

Me yasa serial / layi daya?

Ana kiran na'urar serial/parallel saboda ana kiranta "series" lokacin da kake cikin yanayin lantarki 100%. Saboda haka, muna aiki kamar BMW i3, injin zafi shine janareta na yanzu wanda ke ciyar da baturi, wanda shi kansa ke motsa motar. A gaskiya ma, tare da wannan hanyar aiki, injin ya katse gaba daya daga ƙafafun.

Hakanan ana kiransa layi daya lokacin da aka haɗa motar zuwa ƙafafun ta na'urar duniya. Kuma wannan shi ake kira batch build (duba Gine-gine daban-daban a nan).

Shin Toyota yayi yawa da tsarinta?

Don kammala wannan labarin, zan so in faɗi ɗan tirade. Lallai, Toyota yana da abubuwa da yawa da za a ce game da nau'in toshe-in nasa, kuma wannan abu ne da ake iya fahimta kuma yana shari'a. Duk da haka, ga alama a gare ni cewa alamar ta yi nisa a cikin bangarori biyu. Na farko shine inganta fasaha, yana nuna wucewar cewa ko ta yaya za ta ceci duniya, kuma, a zahiri, alamar tana ƙaddamar da juyin juya hali wanda zai cece mu duka. Tabbas, yana rage yawan amfani da man fetur, amma kuma bai kamata mu kasance a cikin caricatured ba, ƙaramin dizal ɗin da ba a haɗa shi ba yana aiki da kyau iri ɗaya, idan ba mafi kyau ba, wani lokacin.

Don haka Toyota tana cin gajiyar mahallin anti-dizal na yanzu don ƙara wani Layer wanda ina tsammanin an ɗan ƙawata shi anan iyakar iyawar, ga ɗaya:

Tallace-tallacen TV - Kewayon Haɓaka - Mun zaɓi Hybrid

Sannan akwai matsalar sadarwa. Alamar ta Japan ta dogara ne akan yawancin hanyoyin sadarwarta akan gaskiyar cewa motar ba ta buƙatar caji daga na'urorin lantarki, kamar dai wata fa'ida ce ta fasaha akan gasar. Wannan a haƙiƙa yana da ɗan ruɗewa don yana da illa fiye da komai ... Motoci masu haɗaka waɗanda za a iya cajin ba lallai ba ne su yi hakan kwata-kwata, wannan zaɓi ne da ake bayarwa ban da mai shi! Don haka alamar tana gudanar da kashe ɗaya daga cikin lahani a matsayin fa'ida, kuma har yanzu yana da ƙarfi, ko ba haka ba? Abin ban mamaki, Toyota yana siyar da nau'ikan plug-in na Prius, kuma yakamata su fi kyau ... Ga ɗayan tallace-tallacen:

Ba kwa buƙatar yin cajin shi? Maimakon haka, zan ce: "bakin ciki, babu yadda za a yi..."

Ci gaba ?

Don ci gaba, ina ba da shawarar ku yi nazarin wannan bidiyon a hankali, wanda, rashin alheri, kawai a cikin Turanci. Ana yin bayanin a cikin matakai don yin shi a matsayin mai sauƙi da sauƙi kamar yadda zai yiwu.