Yaya clutch yake aiki a cikin mota kuma yadda za a duba shi?

Menene kama?

Dalilin motsin motar yana cikin injinta, mafi daidai, a cikin karfin da yake haifarwa. The clutch shine tsarin watsawa wanda ke da alhakin canja wurin wannan lokacin daga injin mota zuwa ƙafafunsa ta akwatin gearbox.

An gina kama a cikin tsarin injin tsakanin akwatin gear da motar. Ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai kamar:

• biyu drive fayafai - flywheel da clutch kwandon;
• faifai guda ɗaya mai tuƙi - faifan kama tare da fil;
• shigar da shaft tare da kaya;
• shaft na biyu tare da kaya;
• sakin fuska;
• kama fedal.

Yaya clutch yake aiki a cikin mota?

Disk ɗin tuƙi - ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya - yana da ƙarfi a cikin mashin ɗin injin. Kwandon kama, bi da bi, yana makale a kan tagar tashi. Ana danna faifan clutch a saman filin jirgin sama na godiya ga bazarar diaphragm, wanda aka sanye da kwandon kama.

Lokacin da aka kunna motar, injin yana haifar da motsin motsi na crankshaft kuma, daidai da haka, ƙafar tashi. Ana shigar da mashin shigar da akwatin gear ta wurin ɗaukar hoto a cikin kwandon kama, ƙanƙara da faifai. Ba a watsa jujjuya kai tsaye daga ƙafar tashi zuwa ramin shigarwa. Don yin wannan, akwai faifai mai tuƙi a cikin ƙirar clutch, wanda ke jujjuya shi tare da shaft a daidai wannan gudu kuma yana motsawa gaba da gaba tare da shi.

Matsayin da gears na firamare da sakandare ba sa ragargaza juna ana kiransa tsaka tsaki. A cikin wannan matsayi, abin hawa zai iya mirgina ne kawai idan hanyar ta karkace, amma ba tuƙi ba. Yadda za a canja wurin juyawa zuwa mashigin na biyu, wanda zai saita ƙafafun a kaikaice? Ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da fedar clutch da akwatin gear.

Yin amfani da feda, direba yana canza matsayin diski akan shaft. Yana aiki kamar haka: lokacin da direba ya danna ƙafar clutch, ƙaddamarwar saki yana danna diaphragm - kuma faifan clutch suna buɗe. Tushen shigarwa a cikin wannan yanayin yana tsayawa. Bayan haka, direba yana motsa lever akan akwatin gear kuma ya kunna saurin. A wannan gaba, shaft ɗin shigarwa yana yin raga tare da na'urori masu fitarwa. Yanzu direban ya fara sakin ƙafar clutch a hankali, yana danna faifan da aka tuƙa a kan mashin ɗin. Kuma tunda an haɗa sandar shigarwa zuwa faifan da ake tuƙi, ita ma ta fara juyawa. Godiya ga meshing tsakanin gears na shafts, ana watsa jujjuya zuwa ƙafafun. Ta wannan hanyar, injin yana haɗa da ƙafafun, kuma motar ta fara motsi. Lokacin da motar ta riga ta kasance cikin cikakken sauri, za ku iya sakin kama. Idan ka ƙara gas a cikin wannan matsayi, saurin injin zai tashi, kuma tare da su gudun motar.

Duk da haka, kama yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don mota don farawa da sauri ba. Ba za ku iya yi ba tare da shi lokacin yin birki ba. Don tsayawa, kuna buƙatar matse clutch kuma a hankali danna fedar birki a hankali. Bayan tsayawa, cire kayan aikin kuma saki kama. A lokaci guda, a cikin aikin clutch, matakai suna faruwa wanda ke da akasin wadanda suka faru a farkon motsi.

Wurin aiki na jirgin sama da kwandon clutch an yi shi da ƙarfe, kuma na clutch diski an yi shi da wani abu na musamman na juzu'i. Wannan abu ne wanda ke ba da zamewar diski kuma yana ba shi damar zamewa tsakanin jirgin sama da kwandon clutch lokacin da direba ya riƙe kama a farkon motsi. Godiya ga zamewar fayafai ne motar ta tashi lami lafiya.

Lokacin da direban ya saki kama, nan take kwandon ya matsa faifan da ke tukawa, kuma injin ba shi da lokacin tada motar ya fara motsi da sauri. Saboda haka, injin yana tsayawa. Wannan sau da yawa yana faruwa ga novice direbobi waɗanda har yanzu ba su fuskanci matsayin clutch fedal. Kuma tana da manyan abubuwa guda uku:

• saman - lokacin da direba bai danna shi ba;
• ƙananan - lokacin da direba ya fitar da shi gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kwanta a ƙasa;
• matsakaici - aiki - lokacin da direba ya saki fedal a hankali, kuma clutch diski yana cikin hulɗa da ƙugiya.

Idan ka jefa kama a cikin manyan gudu, to motar za ta fara motsawa tare da zamewa. Kuma idan kun ajiye shi a cikin rabin matsi lokacin da motar ta fara motsawa, kuma a hankali ƙara gas, to, juzu'i na faifan diski a saman saman karfen jirgin zai yi tsanani sosai. A wannan yanayin, motsi na motar yana tare da wani wari mara kyau, sa'an nan kuma sun ce kama yana "ƙonawa". Wannan na iya haifar da saurin lalacewa na wuraren aiki.

Menene kamannin kama kuma menene?

An tsara tsarin kama bisa ga na'urori masu aiki da yawa. Dangane da tuntuɓar abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi da aiki, an bambanta nau'ikan nodes masu zuwa:

• Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa
• Electromagnetic.
• Tashin hankali

A cikin sigar hydraulic, ana yin aikin ta hanyar kwararar dakatarwa ta musamman. Ana amfani da irin wannan haɗin kai a cikin akwatunan gear atomatik.

1 – tafki na hydraulic drive na hada biyu / babban birki Silinda; 2 - bututun samar da ruwa; 3 - injin ƙarar birki; 4 - ƙurar ƙura; 5 - braket servo bracket; 6 - ƙwallon ƙafa; 7 - bawul na jini na clutch master cylinder; 8 - clutch master cylinder; 9 - kwaya na ɗaure hannu na babban silinda na hada biyu; 10 - hada-hadar bututu; 11 - bututu; 12 - Gaske; 13 - goyon baya; 14 - bushewa; 15 - Gaske; 16 - dacewa don zubar da jini na clutch bawa Silinda; 17 - clutch bawa Silinda; 18 - kwayoyi don ɗaure shinge na silinda mai aiki; 19 - gidaje masu kama; 20 - m tiyo hadawa; 21 - m tiyo

Electromagnetic. Ana amfani da motsi na Magnetic don tuƙi. An sanya akan ƙananan motoci.

Mai jujjuyawa ko na hali. Ana aiwatar da canja wurin motsi saboda ƙarfin juzu'i. Mafi mashahuri nau'in motoci masu watsawa da hannu.

1.* Girma don tunani. 2. Tightening karfin juyi na crankcase hawa bolts 3. The clutch disengagement drive na mota dole ne ya samar da: 1. Clutch motsi zuwa disengage clutch 2. Axial karfi a kan tura zobe a lokacin da kama ba a rabu da 4. A cikin view A-A, clutch da gearbox ba a nuna ba.

 Ta nau'in halitta. A cikin wannan nau'in, an bambanta nau'ikan haɗin gwiwa kamar haka:

• centrifugal;
• wani bangare na tsakiya;
• tare da babban bazara
• tare da karkace karkace.

Dangane da adadin tukwane da aka tuƙa, akwai:

• faifai guda ɗaya. Mafi yawan nau'in.
• Disk biyu. An kafa su akan jigilar kaya ko bas masu ƙarfi.
• Multidisk. Ana amfani dashi a cikin babura.

Nau'in tuƙi. Dangane da nau'in clutch drive, an rarraba su zuwa:

• Makanikai. Samar da don canja wurin motsi lokacin da ake danna lever ta cikin kebul zuwa cokali mai yatsa.
• Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Sun haɗa da manyan da silinda na bawa na clutch, waɗanda aka haɗa tare da bututu mai tsayi. Lokacin da aka danna feda, ana kunna sandar maɓallin Silinda, wanda piston yake. Don amsawa, yana danna kan ruwan da ke gudana kuma ya haifar da latsawa wanda aka watsa zuwa babban silinda.

Hakanan akwai nau'in haɗakarwa na lantarki, amma a yau kusan ba a amfani da shi a aikin injiniya saboda tsadar kulawa.

Yadda za a duba aikin kama?

4 gudun gwajin. Don motoci masu watsawa ta hannu, akwai hanya ɗaya mai sauƙi da za ku iya tabbatar da cewa kama da hannu ya gaza kaɗan. Karatun ma'aunin saurin gudu da tachometer motar da ke kan dashboard sun wadatar.

Kafin dubawa, kuna buƙatar nemo shimfidar shimfidar titi mai santsi mai tsayin kilomita ɗaya. Za a buƙaci a tuka ta da mota. The clutch slip check algorithm shine kamar haka:

• hanzarta motar zuwa kayan aiki na huɗu da saurin kusan 60 km / h;
• sannan ka daina hanzari, cire kafarka daga fedar gas sannan ka bar motar ta rage gudu;
• lokacin da motar ta fara "shake", ko kuma a cikin saurin kusan 40 km / h, ba da gas sosai;
• a lokacin haɓakawa, ya zama dole don saka idanu a hankali karatun ma'aunin saurin gudu da tachometer.

Tare da kama mai kyau, kiban kayan aikin biyu da aka nuna za su matsa zuwa dama tare tare. Wato, tare da haɓakar saurin injin, saurin motar kuma zai ƙaru, inertia zai zama kaɗan kuma saboda halayen fasaha kawai na injin (ikonta da nauyin motar).

Idan clutch fayafai sun mutu sosai, to, a lokacin da ka danna fedarar gas, za a sami karuwa mai ƙarfi a cikin saurin injin da ƙarfin, wanda, duk da haka, ba za a iya watsa shi zuwa ƙafafun ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa saurin zai ƙaru a hankali. Za a bayyana wannan a cikin gaskiyar cewa kiban na'urar saurin gudu da tachometer suna motsawa zuwa dama daga aiki tare. Bugu da kari, a daidai lokacin da ake samun karuwar saurin injin, za a ji karar sautin kararrawa.

Duba birki na hannu. Hanyar gwajin da aka gabatar za a iya yin ta ne kawai idan an daidaita birki na hannu (parking) da kyau. Ya kamata a daidaita da kyau kuma a fili gyara ƙafafun baya. A clutch yanayin duba algorithm zai kasance kamar haka:

• sanya motar a birki na hannu;
• fara injin;
• latsa fitila mai kama da shiga kaya na uku ko na huɗu;
• yi ƙoƙarin ƙauracewa, wato danna matattarar iskar gas sannan ku saki ƙwallon kama.

Idan a lokaci guda injin ya yi tsalle kuma ya tsaya, to komai yana cikin tsari tare da kama. Idan injin yana aiki, to akwai lalacewa akan fayafan clutch. Ba za a iya dawo da diski ba kuma ko dai daidaita matsayinsu ko cikakken maye gurbin duka saitin ya zama dole.

Alamun waje. Hakanan za'a iya yanke hukuncin sabis na kama a kaikaice kawai lokacin da motar ke motsawa, musamman, sama ko ƙarƙashin kaya. Idan kamanni ya zame, to, akwai yuwuwar yuwuwar wari mai ƙonawa a cikin ɗakin, wanda zai fito daga kwandon kama. Wata alamar kai tsaye ita ce asarar halayen injina yayin haɓakawa da / ko lokacin tuƙi a kan tudu.

Da kama "jagoranci". Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, kalmar "jagoranci" tana nufin cewa mai sarrafa clutch da fayafai masu tuƙi ba sa rarrabuwa sosai lokacin da feda ya yi rauni. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan yana tare da matsaloli yayin kunnawa / canza kayan aiki a cikin watsawar hannu. A lokaci guda kuma, ana jin ƙarar ƙararraki marasa daɗi da hargitsi daga akwatin gear. Za a yi gwajin kama a cikin wannan yanayin bisa ga algorithm mai zuwa:

• fara injin ku bar shi ya yi aiki;
• cike da murƙushe fedal ɗin kama;
• shigar farko kaya.

Idan an shigar da lever na gearshift ba tare da matsala a cikin wurin da ya dace ba, hanyar ba ta da ƙoƙari sosai kuma ba a tare da rattle ba - wanda ke nufin cewa kama ba ya "jagoranci". In ba haka ba, akwai halin da ake ciki inda diski ba ya rabu da kullun, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin da aka bayyana a sama. Lura cewa irin wannan rushewa na iya haifar da cikakkiyar gazawar ba kawai kama ba, har ma yana haifar da rashin aiki na akwatin gear. Kuna iya kawar da ɓarnawar da aka kwatanta ta hanyar yin famfo na'urorin lantarki ko daidaita fedar kama.