Yaya kwalliyar kwando take aiki?

Motocin zamani sun kunshi sassa da bangarori da dama, kowane daya yana taka rawar daban.

Menene kwalliyar tashi kuma menene matsayinta?
 

Wheawataccen kwalliya galibi diski ne mai nauyin ƙarfe 12 "zuwa 15" tare da kambin haƙoran ƙarfe a waje. An saka shi a kan crankshaft na injin kuma yana cikin ciki. Don haka, kwandon jirgi yana haɗe da tsari kai tsaye zuwa injin, kama da gearbox.

Akwai ayyuka da yawa waɗanda jirgi mai tashi yake yi:
 

Ya taimaka wajen fara injin
Lokacin da kuka shiga motar kuma kunna maɓallin kunnawa, ƙaramin gear da ake kira Bendix yana aiki tare da ƙawancen tashi kuma ya juya shi. Wannan kuma yana juya crankshaft, wanda zai fara matsewar matsi da ake buƙata don fara injin. Da zarar an fara injin konewa, an "cire" Bendix "kuma yana ba da damar dawowar ta tashi yadda ya kamata.

Yana daidaita saurin injin
Bayan fara injin, crankshaft ya canza motsi na piston sama da kasa zuwa motsi na juyawa. Koyaya, wannan motsi yana motsawa, saboda ana samar da ƙarfi sau 2 ko 4 kawai (ya danganta da silinda biyu ko takwas) a kowane juyin juya halin injiniya. Inertia tana amfani da nauyin dusar ƙafa don kiyaye madaidaiciyar saurin kullun tare da kowane motsi na piston.

Rage faɗakarwar injiniya
Saboda pistons suna biya daga tsakiyar crankshaft, injin yana girgiza sosai saboda kowane piston yana motsawa a wani kusurwa daban. Babban jigon yawo yana murƙushe wannan motsi kuma yana taimakawa duka daidaitawa da daidaita injin ɗin da rage rawar jiki a cikin abin hawa.

Rage kayan aiki
Ta hanyar ƙarfafa faɗakarwa da daidaita saurin injin, ƙarancin tashi yana sanyawa akan wasu mahimman kayan aikin motsa jiki.

Nau'in Flywheel da sifofinsu
 

Motocin zamani suna amfani da daskararru masu ƙarfi (dunƙule-ɗaya) da ɗimbin yawa (DMF). Kowane nau'i yana da halaye na kansa, fa'ida da rashin amfani.

Single-taro flywheel
Wannan nau'in kwalliyar kwalliya abu ne gama gari a cikin tsofaffin samfuran mota. A zahiri, waɗannan manyan fayafai ne da baƙin ƙarfe tare da tsarin ci gaba tare da diamita daga 300 zuwa 400 mm. An sanya zoben ƙarfe a waje da dunƙulen ƙarfe ɗaya.

Babban fa'idodi na wannan nau'in kwalliyar kwalliya shine ƙirar su mai sauƙi da tsada.
Koyaya, duniyan dunkulalliyar juzu'i yana da babbar matsala guda ɗaya: ba zasu iya ɗaukar juzuwar torsion da kyau ba.
Dual-taro flywheel
Dual-mass flywheels, wanda kuma ake kira absorbers ko dual-mass flywheels, haɓaka ce ta zamani wanda aka fara amfani da ita cikin motoci a cikin 1985.

Mene ne wannan yake nufi?

A tsari, irin wannan nau'in jirgin sama ya ƙunshi fayafai daban-daban guda biyu, waɗanda ke da haɗin kai ta radial da bearings. Ɗayan fayafai wani ɓangare ne na crankshaft ɗayan kuma wani ɓangare na kama. Tsakanin fayafai akwai tsarin damping da aka ɗora a cikin bazara wanda ke datse girgizawa kuma yana kare akwatin gear daga nauyin girgiza.

Daga cikin fa'idodi na ƙarfe biyu masu ƙarfi, ana iya lura da cewa suna rage rawar da injin da injin ke watsawa zuwa watsawa, suna kiyaye kayan aiki daga nauyi da kuma rage amfani da mai.
Koyaya, dole ne mu yarda cewa irin wannan ƙawancen tashi sama yana da raɗaɗi da yawa, babban shine cewa ba shi da tabbaci kamar na kujeru ɗaya.
Ba za a iya musun cewa maɓuɓɓugan, waɗanda aka haɗa faya-fayan damping ɗin, suna fuskantar manyan abubuwa ba, wanda ke haifar da saurin lalacewarsu. Wani raunin kuma shine har yanzu suna da tsada sosai fiye da wadanda basu da aure.
Kowane juzu'i, guda ɗaya ko biyu-nauyi, yana wadataccen ɗaukar nauyi lokacin amfani dashi daidai. Idan har muka fi takamaiman bayani, za mu ce idan aka yi amfani da shi daidai, ƙuƙwalwar tashi za su iya tsayayya da sama da kilomita dubu 350. Tabbas, jirgin sama yana da matukar damuwa kuma yana iya lalacewa sosai fiye da yadda masana'antun suke tsammani.

Manyan matsaloli da ke buƙatar maye gurbin ƙaho

Matsalar Flywheel galibi suna da alaƙa da aikin abin hawa mara kyau. Musamman, menene zai iya sa ka canza ƙwanƙwasa:

Zafi mai tsanani
bayyanar fasa da lalacewa a saman gogayya
zafi fiye da kima ko malalar mai a cikin ɗimbin ƙarfe biyu
lalata maɓuɓɓugan ruwan baka, da dai sauransu.
Alamun Gargadin Matsalar Matsalar Flywheel
 

Matsalar sauyawa
Lokacin da kake kokarin canza kwalliya, amma maimakon kamawa ya amsa daidai, kayan na gaba ba za su iya tafiya ko tafiya ba, amma nan da nan za su koma ga wanda ya gabata, wannan mai yiwuwa ne saboda wata ƙawancen tashi. A wannan halin, zaku ji kara mai ƙarfi kamar nika da shafawa.

Warin ƙonawa
Ofaya daga cikin manyan alamun alamun ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasawa shine ƙanshi mai ƙanshi wanda za'a iya ji koda cikin abin hawa. Wannan warin yana faruwa ne lokacin da kama aiki yake aiki kuma yana haifar da zafi mai yawa.

Vibration lokacin matse ƙwanƙolin kamawa
Idan kun fara jin motsin jiki lokacin da kuka danna ƙwanƙolin kama, wannan yawanci alama ce ta lalacewa a kan rarar bazara.

Rumararrawa mai tsanani lokacin fara injin sanyi
Mun bayyana cewa wannan alamar alama ce ta kwalliyar kwalliya biyu. Lokacin da maɓuɓɓugan girgiza suka ƙare kuma kuka fara da injin sanyi, za ku ji sauti mai ƙarfi.

Wannan raƙumi yakan ɗauki fewan mintuna bayan fara abin hawa, daga nan sai ya ɓace. Idan kun fara jin sautina da safe lokacin da kuka kunna motar, wannan alama ce bayyananniya cewa kuna buƙatar kula da ƙafafun tashi.

Shin gyaran kwalliya zai yiwu?

Kulawar Flywheel kusan ba zai yuwu ayi ba. Yawancin lokaci ana bincika shi lokacin maye gurbin diski na kama don sa hakori ko wasu matsaloli. Idan sun kasance, ana maye gurbin ƙaho, kuma idan babu matsaloli, ana iya ci gaba da amfani dashi.

Shin za a iya gyara kwando?

Flyaura ɗaya nauyin nauyi yana da wahalar gyarawa, don haka lokacin da ya ƙare, dole ne a maye gurbinsa da sabo. (Abinda za'a iya maye gurbinsa da shi shine rawanin hakori idan daya daga hakoran ya tsufa ko ya karye).

Dual-mass flywheels sun fara sakewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

Menene ma'anar gyaran kwando?
Gabaɗaya magana, sake amfani ya raba faya-fayan tashi biyu kuma ya tsabtace su da kyau. Sa'an nan kuma an maye gurbin bearings, marringsmari da duk sauran abubuwa tare da sababbi, kuma an sake faranta faya-fayan biyu. A ƙarshe, ana yin gyare-gyare kuma idan komai yana cikin tsari, ana maye gurbin ƙaho a cikin abin hawa.

Wannan hanyar sake gina kwar-kwar biyu, kamar yadda muka ambata, sanannen abu ne, amma koyaushe baya bayar da kyakkyawan sakamako. Wasu lokuta lokacin da aka buɗe fayafai don sake amfani, wannan ba zai yiwu ba.

Kari akan haka, kodayake kusan dukkan shagunan gyara suna ba da garantin bayan zubar da su, babu wanda zai iya ba da tabbacin cewa hakika an sauya dukkan abubuwa da sababbi.

Yadda za a canza kullun?

Maye gurbin wannan bangaren aiki ne mai wahala, kuma idan ba ku da kyakkyawar ilimin fasaha da kayan aiki na musamman, zai yi muku wahala ku yi shi da kanku. Me yasa?

Don maye gurbin ƙwanƙwasa, dole ne a fara watsawa da kamawa da farko. Wannan ba kawai yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci ba, amma kuma yana buƙatar kayan aikin musamman don aiwatar da su daidai.

Idan kun yanke shawarar yin hakan da kanku, muna ba ku shawara ku sayi kayan haɗi tare da ƙirar ƙaho. Wannan hanyar, zaku iya tabbatar da cewa ba kawai ƙawancen tashi ba, amma ɗaukacin kula ana kulawa, kuma waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga ingantaccen aiki na motar zasu ƙare ku na dogon lokaci.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene manyan ayyuka na jirgin sama? Makullin aikin ƙwanƙwasa ƙanƙara shine watsa juzu'i zuwa kwandon kama. Har ila yau, injin yana farawa ta hanyar jirgin sama, wannan ɓangaren yana ba da ƙarfin da ba zai iya aiki ba wanda ke sauƙaƙe aikin crankshaft.

Menene jirgin sama kuma menene nasa? Wani nau'i ne mai siffar faifai da ke manne da mashin ɗin injin. The flywheel yana tabbatar da daidaiton saurin angular na crankshaft, watsa juzu'i zuwa watsawa, da damping na torsional vibration na injin.

Ina tururuwa a cikin motar? Babban faifai ne mai haƙori a ƙarshensa. The flywheel is located a baya na injin (a mahaɗin injin konewa na ciki da akwatin) a kishiyar bel ɗin lokaci.

Ta yaya clutch flywheel ke aiki? Ƙaƙwalwar gardama guda ɗaya tana jujjuyawa tare da ƙugiya. The dual-mass flywheel haka kuma yana dagula girgizar girgizar ƙasa (a cikin madaidaitan matakan tashi, ana yin wannan aikin ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan diski na clutch).