Ta yaya motar lantarki ke aiki? Gearbox a cikin motar lantarki - yana can ko babu? [AMSA]

Motocin lantarki - yaya suke aiki? Yaya aka tsara su? Shin batirin motar lantarki yayi nauyi? Mai tsada? Akwatin gear a cikin motar lantarki yana da rikitarwa? Anan akwai taƙaitaccen gabatarwa ga maudu'in, fa'idodin motocin lantarki da rashin amfaninsu.

Yadda motar lantarki ke aiki

Abubuwan da ke ciki

• Yadda motar lantarki ke aiki
• Batura don motocin lantarki: har zuwa rabin tan a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ɓangaren mafi tsada
  • A wace raka'a ake auna ƙarfin baturi?
  • Menene ƙarfin batura a cikin motocin lantarki?
• Injin a cikin motar lantarki: har zuwa 20 rpm!
• Akwatin abin hawa na lantarki: gear 1 kawai (!)
  • Akwatunan gear a cikin motocin lantarki - za su?
  • Injini biyu maimakon akwatin gear mai sauri biyu

A waje, motar lantarki ba ta bambanta da ainihin motar konewa ta ciki. Yawancin za ku iya gane wannan daga gaskiyar cewa ba shi da bututun shaye-shaye kuma yana jin ɗan bambanta. Wannan yana nufin: a aikace baya sauti kuma baya yin surutusai dai shuruwar motar lantarki. Wani lokaci (misali bidiyo):

Hacked Tesla P100D + Wheels BBS!

Bambance-bambancen asali suna farawa ne kawai tare da chassis. Motar lantarki ba ta da injin konewa na ciki, akwatin gear (ƙari akan wannan kuma a ƙasa) da kuma tsarin shaye-shaye. Maimakon su motar lantarki tana da manyan batura da ƙaramin injin lantarki. Yaya ƙanana? Kimanin girman kankana. A cikin BMW i3 yayi kama da haka:

Zane na BMW i3, tare da batura a kwance gefe da kuma ƙaramin motar da ke tuka tafukan baya, ganga ce mai sheki a bayanta, inda wayoyi na lemu ke kaiwa (c) BMW.

Batura don motocin lantarki: har zuwa rabin tan a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ɓangaren mafi tsada

Batura mafi girma, mafi tsada, kuma mafi nauyi a cikin abin hawan lantarki sune batura. Wannan hadadden analogue ne na tankin mai na gargajiya, wanda ke adana makamashin da aka samar kai tsaye a tashar wutar lantarki. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin sufuri mafi sauƙi: yana farawa a kan injin injin lantarki kuma yana tafiya ta hanyar kebul kai tsaye zuwa ƙarfe, kwamfuta ko motar lantarki.

Yaya girman batura a cikin motar lantarki? Sun mamaye dukkan chassis. Yaya tsada? Farashin kit ɗin da aka nuna a hoton kusan PLN 30 ne. Don haka nauyi? Ga kowane 15 kilowatt-hours, ƙarfin baturi a yau shine kimanin kilogiram 2017 a cikin 100, ciki har da kullun da kayan sanyi / dumama.

A wace raka'a ake auna ƙarfin baturi?

Amma daidai "kilowatt-hours" - menene waɗannan raka'a? To, ana auna ƙarfin baturi a cikin raka'a na makamashi, wato kilowatt-hours (kWh). Kada a ruɗe su da naúrar ƙarfin (kilo) watts (kW). Mun san waɗannan na'urori masu wutar lantarki daga kuɗin wutar lantarki, wanda muke biya a matsakaici kowane wata biyu.

Sashin giciye na Leaf Nissan na baya. A hannun dama akwai gaban motar, akwai soket na caji. Injin yana tsakiyar tsakanin ƙafafun (baƙar fata a ƙarƙashin wayoyi na orange), kuma batir ɗin suna kusa da ƙafafun motar (c) Nissan.

Matsakaicin gida yana cinye kusan kilowatt-15 na makamashi a kowace rana, kuma kowane awa na kilowatt bai wuce cent 60 ba. Kimanin adadin kuzari iri ɗaya direban motar lantarki ne ke cinyewa - amma na kilomita 100.

> Yadda ake canza sa'o'in kilowatt (kWh) na makamashin abin hawa zuwa lita na man fetur?

Baturi: 150 zuwa 500 kilogiram

Batura suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi nauyi abubuwan da ke cikin abin hawan lantarki. Suna auna kimanin kilogiram 150 zuwa kusan 500 (rabin tan!). Misali, Tesla Model 3 batura tare da iya aiki fiye da 80 kilowatt-hours suna auna kilo 480 - kuma Tesla shine jagora a inganta nauyi!

Batura (tsakiyar) da injin (baya) a cikin Tesla Model 3 (c) Tesla

Menene ƙarfin batura a cikin motocin lantarki?

Motocin da aka ƙera a cikin 2018 suna sanye da batura masu ƙarfi daga 30 (Hyundai Ioniq Electric) zuwa kusan awanni 60 kilowatt (Opel Ampera E, Hyundai Kona 2018) kuma daga awanni 75 zuwa kilowatt 100 (Tesla, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi). e-tron Quattro). Gabaɗaya: girman baturin, mafi girman kewayon abin hawan lantarki, kuma kowane kilowatt-20 na ƙarfin baturi, dole ne ku iya tuka akalla kilomita 100.

Motocin lantarki na 2017 tare da iyakar ƙarfin wuta akan caji ɗaya [TOP 20 RATING]

Injin a cikin motar lantarki: har zuwa 20 rpm!

Injin motar lantarki ƙirar ƙira ce mai sauƙi, wacce aka sani sama da shekaru 100, wanda ɗan asalin Sabiya Nikola Tesla ya ƙirƙira. A cikin mafi munin yanayin, motar lantarki ta ƙunshi sassa goma sha biyu, kuma injin abin hawa na ciki ya ƙunshi dozin da yawa. dubu!

Ka'idar aiki na motar lantarki abu ne mai sauqi qwarai: ana amfani da wutar lantarki akan shi, wanda ke saita shi a cikin motsi (juyawa). Mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki, mafi girman saurin.

Motar Tesla tare da akwatin gear yana cikin bututun azurfa. Akwatin gear yana ƙarƙashin gidaje masu launin fari da launin toka, ta hanyar da ake watsa saurin injin zuwa ga ma'auni da ƙafafun. Zane mai bayani (c) Bayanan fasaha

Matsakaicin motar mai yana da ma'aunin tachometer daga 0 zuwa 7 rpm, matsakaicin motar dizal yana da saurin rpm 000. Filin ja, yana nuna haɗarin lalacewar injin, yana farawa a baya, a 5-000 dubu rpm.

A halin da ake ciki, motoci a cikin motocin lantarki suna isa koda 'yan dubun rpm ne. A lokaci guda, suna da kyakkyawan aiki saboda yawanci suna jujjuya sama da kashi 90 na makamashin da ake bayarwa zuwa motsi - a cikin injunan konewa na ciki, haɓakar kashi 40 cikin XNUMX babban nasara ne, wanda aka samu kawai tare da wasu yanayin fasaha. - motoci na wucin gadi.

> Yaya ingancin injin lantarki? ABB ya kai 99,05%

Ta yaya motar lantarki ke aiki? | Tesla Model S

Akwatin abin hawa na lantarki: gear 1 kawai (!)

Abu mafi ban sha'awa na motocin lantarki na zamani shine watsawa, wanda ... ba su wanzu. iya iya, Motocin lantarki galibi suna da kaya ɗaya kawai (da kuma baya, wato, wanda ake samu lokacin da aka dawo da wutar lantarki). An haɗa motar zuwa ƙafafun ta hanyar kayan aiki mai sauƙi wanda ke rage saurin motar a cikin kewayon 8-10: 1. Don haka, 8-10 juyin juya halin motar motar shine 1 cikakken juyin juya hali na ƙafafun. Irin wannan watsa yawanci ya ƙunshi gears guda uku waɗanda akai-akai tare da juna:

Me yasa motocin lantarki ke da kaya daya kawai? Da alama masana'antun ba sa son ƙara nauyin injin ɗin kuma su sa rayuwa ta yi wa kansu wahala. Motocin lantarki suna haifar da juzu'i mai yawa daga farko, wanda ke buƙatar kayan aiki mai kauri da dorewa. A wannan yanayin, shaft na injin lantarki na iya juyawa ko da a cikin saurin juyi na 300 a sakan daya (!).

Duk waɗannan fasalulluka suna nufin cewa akwatin gear ɗin da ke cikin injin lantarki dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai, yayin da a lokaci guda kuma dole ne ya canza gear a cikin ɗaruruwan daƙiƙa, wanda ke ƙara tsadar abin hawan lantarki.

Akwatunan gear a cikin motocin lantarki - za su?

A gaskiya ma, sun riga sun kasance a can. Hoton da kuke gani a sama haƙiƙa ɓangaren giciye ne na samfurin watsa mai saurin gudu biyu don abin hawan lantarki. Rimac Concept One yana amfani da watsa mai sauri biyu (don haka akwatin gear ya riga ya kasance, wato, akwatunan gear!). Samfuran farko na watsa mai sauri uku kuma sun bayyana.

wadannan gearboxes don abin hawa na lantarki suna da mahimmanci saboda, a gefe guda, suna barin motar ta yi sauri da sauri, kuma a daya bangaren, lokacin da ake tuki a kan babbar hanya, suna barin injin ya rinjayi a hankali (= ƙarancin amfani da makamashi), watau. suna haɓaka saurin injin yadda ya kamata. nisan milolin mota.

Injini biyu maimakon akwatin gear mai sauri biyu

A yau Tesla ya magance matsalar rashin akwatunan gear ta hanyarsa: motoci masu injuna biyu suna da watsawa daban-daban kuma, sau da yawa, injuna daban-daban guda biyu gaba da baya. The raya axle iya zama karfi da kuma samun mafi girma gear rabo (misali 9: 1) don mafi alhẽri amfani da karfin juyi da kuma hanzarta abin hawa. Gaban gaba, bi da bi, na iya zama mai rauni (= cinye ƙasa da wuta) kuma yana da ƙaramin gear rabo (misali 7,5: 1) don rage yawan wutar lantarki a nesa mai nisa.

Bayanan da ke sama yana da ƙima kuma sun dogara sosai akan sigar da ƙirar motar. Amma bambance-bambancen suna bayyane. Misali, Tesla Model S 75 yana da kewayon kilomita 401 kacal, yayin da Tesla Model S 75D ("D" don nau'in tukin ƙafar ƙafa) ya riga ya ke da kewayon kilomita 417:

> Tania Tesla S ya dawo don bayarwa. S75 akan siyarwa 2018

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