Yadda ake bincika firikwensin ABS don aiki

Kasancewar ABS a cikin abin hawa a wasu lokuta yana ƙara amincin zirga-zirga. A hankali, sassan mota sun ƙare kuma suna iya zama mara amfani. Sanin yadda ake duba firikwensin ABS, direba zai iya ganowa da gyara matsalar a cikin lokaci ba tare da yin amfani da sabis na kantin gyaran mota ba.

Abubuwa

• 1 Yadda ABS ke aiki a cikin mota
• 2 na'urar ABS
• 3 Bayani na ainihi
  • 3.1 M
  • 3.2 magnetoresistive
  • 3.3 Dangane da sinadarin Hall
• 4 Dalilai da alamun rashin aiki
• 5 Yadda ake bincika firikwensin ABS
  • 5.1 Gwaji (multimeter)
  • 5.2 Oscilloscope
  • 5.3 Ba tare da kayan aiki ba
• 6 Gyaran firikwensin
  • 6.1 Bidiyo: yadda ake gyara firikwensin ABS
• 7 Gyaran wayoyi

Yadda ABS ke aiki a cikin mota

Tsarin hana kulle birki (ABS; Turanci Anti-kulle birki) an ƙera shi don hana toshe ƙafafun mota.

Babban aikin ABS shine adanawa sarrafa na'ura, kwanciyar hankali da kuma kula da shi a lokacin da ba a zata ba. Wannan yana bawa direba damar yin motsi mai kaifi, wanda ke ƙara yawan amincin aiki na abin hawa.

Tun da an rage yawan juzu'i dangane da adadin hutu, motar za ta yi nisa sosai lokacin da ake birki a kan ƙafafun da aka kulle fiye da na masu juyawa. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka toshe ƙafafun, motar tana ɗaukar ƙetare, wanda ke hana direban damar yin duk wani motsi.

Tsarin ABS ba koyaushe yake tasiri ba. A kan wani ƙasa mara tsayayye (ƙasa marar ƙarfi, tsakuwa, dusar ƙanƙara ko yashi), ƙafafun da ba a iya motsi suna yin shinge daga saman da ke gabansu, suna shiga ciki. Wannan yana rage nisan birki sosai. Motar da ke da tayoyin kankara lokacin da aka kunna ABS za ta yi tafiya mai nisa fiye da masu kulle-kulle. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa jujjuyawar yana hana spikes, fadowa cikin kankara, daga rage motsi na motoci. Amma a lokaci guda, motar tana riƙe da iko da kwanciyar hankali, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta yana da mahimmanci.

Na'urori masu saurin motsi da aka ɗora akan cibiyoyi

Kayan aikin da aka sanya akan wasu motocin suna ba da damar aikin kashe ABS.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Kwararrun direbobi a kan motocin da ba su da na'urar rigakafin kullewa, lokacin da suke taka birki ba zato ba tsammani a kan wani sashe mai wahala na hanya (rigar kwalta, kankara, slurry dusar ƙanƙara), suna yin birki-da-kudin. Ta wannan hanyar, suna guje wa cikakken kulle-kullen da kuma hana motar daga ƙetare.

na'urar ABS

Na'urar rigakafin kulle ta ƙunshi nodes da yawa:

• Gudun mita (hanzari, raguwa);
• Sarrafa dampers na maganadisu, waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren matsa lamba kuma suna cikin layin tsarin birki;
• Tsarin kula da lantarki da tsarin sarrafawa.

Ana aika bugun jini daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin zuwa sashin sarrafawa. A yayin da aka samu raguwar saurin da ba zato ba tsammani ko kuma tasha (blockage) na kowace dabaran, naúrar ta aika da umarni zuwa ga dam ɗin da ake so, wanda ke rage matsewar ruwan da ke shiga cikin caliper. Don haka, guraben birki sun yi rauni, kuma dabaran ta dawo motsi. Lokacin da saurin dabaran yayi daidai da sauran, bawul ɗin yana rufewa kuma matsa lamba a cikin tsarin gabaɗaya ya daidaita.

Babban ra'ayi na tsarin ABS a cikin mota

A kan sababbin motoci, tsarin hana kulle birki yana kunna har sau 20 a cikin daƙiƙa guda.

ABS na wasu motocin sun haɗa da famfo, wanda aikinsa shine don ƙara matsa lamba a cikin sashin da ake so na babbar hanyar zuwa al'ada.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Ayyukan tsarin hana kulle birki ana jin su ta hanyar jujjuyawa (bugu) akan fedar birki tare da matsa lamba akansa.

Ta adadin bawuloli da firikwensin, an raba na'urar zuwa:

• Tashar guda ɗaya. Na'urar firikwensin yana kusa da bambancin akan gatari na baya. Idan ko da ƙafa ɗaya ta tsaya, bawul ɗin yana rage matsa lamba akan layin gaba ɗaya. An samo shi akan tsofaffin motoci kawai.
• Channel na biyu. Na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda biyu suna kan gaba da ta baya a diagonal. Ana haɗa bawul ɗaya zuwa layin kowace gada. Ba a amfani da shi a cikin motocin da aka kera bisa ga tsarin zamani.
• Tashar ta uku. Ana samun mitoci masu saurin gudu akan ƙafafun gaba da bambancin axle na baya. Kowannensu yana da bawul daban. Ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙirar ƙira na baya-baya na kasafin kuɗi.
• Tashar hudu. Kowane dabaran yana sanye da na'urar firikwensin kuma saurin jujjuyawar sa ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar bawul daban. An sanya akan motoci na zamani.

Bayani na ainihi

ABS firikwensin tare daAna karanta ta mafi girman ɓangaren aunawa na tsarin hana kulle birki.

Na'urar ta ƙunshi:

• Mita da aka sanya ta dindindin kusa da dabaran;
• Zoben shigar (alamar jujjuyawa, mai jujjuya motsi) wanda aka ɗora akan dabaran (hub, cibiya mai ɗaukar nauyi, haɗin gwiwar CV).

Ana samun na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin nau'i biyu:

• Siffar silinda madaidaiciya (ƙarshen) (sanda) tare da nau'in motsa jiki a wannan ƙarshen da mai haɗawa a ɗayan;
• Angled tare da mai haɗawa a gefe da madaidaicin ƙarfe ko filastik tare da rami don ɗaki mai hawa.

Akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu auna sigina guda biyu akwai:

• M - inductive;
• Active - magnetoresistive kuma bisa tushen Hall.

ABS yana ba ku damar kiyaye ikon sarrafawa da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali yayin birki na gaggawa

M

An bambanta su ta hanyar tsarin aiki mai sauƙi, yayin da suke da aminci sosai kuma suna da tsawon rayuwar sabis. Baya buƙatar haɗawa da wuta. Na'urar firikwensin inductive shine ainihin na'urar induction da aka yi da wayar tagulla, a tsakiyarsa akwai maganadisu a tsaye tare da tsakiyar ƙarfe.

Mitar tana samuwa tare da ainihin sa zuwa na'ura mai jujjuyawa a cikin nau'i na dabaran da hakora. Akwai wani tazara tsakanin su. Haƙoran rotor suna da siffar rectangular a siffar. Tazarar da ke tsakanin su tana daidai da ko dan kadan fiye da fadin hakori.

Yayin da sufuri ke tafiya, yayin da haƙoran rotor ke wucewa kusa da ainihin, filin maganadisu da ke shiga ta cikin nada yana canzawa koyaushe, yana samar da canjin halin yanzu a cikin nada. Mitar da girman na yanzu sun dogara kai tsaye akan saurin dabaran. Dangane da sarrafa wannan bayanan, sashin kulawa yana ba da umarni ga bawuloli na solenoid.

Lalacewar na'urori masu auna sigina sune:

• Dangantakar girman girma;
• Rashin daidaiton alamomi;
• Suna fara aiki lokacin da motar ta yi sauri fiye da 5 km / h;
• Suna aiki tare da ƙaramin juyawa na dabaran.

Sakamakon kurakurai akai-akai akan motocin zamani, ba kasafai ake shigar da su ba.

magnetoresistive

Aikin yana dogara ne akan dukiyar kayan ferromagnetic don canza juriya na lantarki lokacin da aka fallasa zuwa filin magnetic akai-akai. 

Bangaren firikwensin da ke sarrafa canje-canje an yi shi ne da faranti biyu ko huɗu na faranti na baƙin ƙarfe-nickel tare da ɗigogi a kansu. An shigar da wani ɓangare na kashi a cikin haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira wanda ke karanta canje-canje a cikin juriya kuma yana samar da siginar sarrafawa.

Na'ura mai jujjuyawa, wanda zoben filastik magnetized ne a wurare, an daidaita shi da kyar zuwa cibiyar dabaran. A lokacin aiki, sassan magnetized na rotor suna canza matsakaici a cikin faranti na nau'i mai mahimmanci, wanda aka gyara ta kewaye. A lokacin fitarwa, ana haifar da sigina na dijital waɗanda ke shiga sashin sarrafawa.

Irin wannan nau'in na'ura yana sarrafa saurin gudu, yanayin juyawa na ƙafafun da lokacin tsayawa gaba ɗaya.

Magneto-resistive na'urori masu auna firikwensin gano canje-canje a cikin jujjuyawar ƙafafun abin hawa tare da daidaito mai girma, yana ƙara tasirin tsarin aminci.

Dangane da sinadarin Hall

Irin wannan firikwensin ABS yana aiki bisa tasirin Hall. A cikin lebur madugu da aka sanya a cikin filin maganadisu, ana samun bambance-bambance mai yuwuwa.

Tasirin Hall - bayyanar da yuwuwar bambanci mai jujjuyawa lokacin da aka sanya madugu tare da halin yanzu kai tsaye a cikin filin maganadisu

Wannan jagorar farantin karfe ne mai siffar murabba'i wanda aka sanya shi a cikin microcircuit, wanda ya hada da da'ira mai hade da Hall da tsarin lantarki mai sarrafawa. Na'urar firikwensin yana gefen kishiyar na'ura mai jujjuyawa kuma yana kama da dabaran da aka yi da ƙarfe tare da hakora ko zobe da aka yi da filastik a wuraren da aka yi maganadisu, daskararre a kan cibiyar motar.

Da'irar Zaure ta ci gaba da haifar da fashewar sigina na takamaiman mitar. Lokacin hutawa, ana rage yawan siginar zuwa ƙarami ko tsayawa gaba ɗaya. Yayin motsi, wuraren maganadisu ko hakora na na'ura mai jujjuyawar da ke wucewa ta bangaren ji yana haifar da canje-canje na halin yanzu a cikin firikwensin, wanda aka gyara ta da'irar bin diddigi. Dangane da bayanan da aka karɓa, ana samar da siginar fitarwa wanda ke shiga sashin sarrafawa.

Na'urori masu auna firikwensin wannan nau'in suna auna saurin daga farkon motsi na injin, an bambanta su ta hanyar daidaiton ma'auni da amincin ayyuka.

Dalilai da alamun rashin aiki

A cikin sababbin motoci, lokacin da aka kunna wuta, ana yin gwajin kai tsaye na tsarin hana kulle-kullen, a lokacin da ake tantance aikin dukkan abubuwan da ke cikinsa.

Cutar cututtuka	Dalili mai yiwuwa
Binciken kai yana nuna kuskure. ABS ba shi da rauni.	Ayyukan da ba daidai ba na sashin sarrafawa. Katse waya daga firikwensin zuwa naúrar sarrafawa.
Bincike ba ya samun kurakurai. ABS ba shi da rauni.	ƙeta mutuncin wayoyi daga sashin sarrafawa zuwa firikwensin (hutu, gajeriyar kewayawa, oxidation).
Gano kai yana ba da kuskure. ABS yana aiki ba tare da kashewa ba.	Karshen waya na ɗaya daga cikin firikwensin.
ABS ba ya kunna.	Karye a cikin wayar wutar lantarki na sashin sarrafawa. Chips da karaya na zoben motsa jiki. Babban wasa a kan abin da aka sawa cibiya.

Baya ga nunin alamun haske akan dashboard, akwai alamun rashin aiki na tsarin ABS:

• Lokacin da ake danna fedal ɗin birki, babu juyar da bugun fedal ɗin.
• A lokacin birki na gaggawa, ana toshe duk ƙafafun;
• Alurar gudun mita tana nuna gudun ƙasa da ainihin gudun ko kuma baya motsawa gaba ɗaya;
• Idan fiye da ma'aunin ma'auni biyu sun gaza, alamar birki ta ajiye motoci tana haskaka kan faifan kayan aiki.

A yayin da na'urar hana kulle birki ta sami matsala, fitilar faɗakarwa tana haskaka kan dashboard.

Dalilan rashin ingantaccen aiki na ABS na iya zama:

• Rashin gazawar na'urori masu saurin gudu ɗaya ko fiye;
• Lalacewa ga wayoyi na na'urori masu auna firikwensin, wanda ke haifar da watsa siginar mara ƙarfi zuwa tsarin sarrafawa;
• Ragewar wutar lantarki a tashoshin baturi da ke ƙasa da 10,5 V yana kaiwa ga rufewar tsarin ABS.

Yadda ake bincika firikwensin ABS

Kuna iya bincika lafiyar firikwensin saurin ta hanyar tuntuɓar ƙwararren sabis na mota, ko da kanku:

• Ba tare da na'urori na musamman ba;
• Multimeter;
• Oscillograph.

Gwaji (multimeter)

Baya ga na'urar aunawa, kuna buƙatar bayanin aikin wannan ƙirar. Jerin aikin da aka yi:

1. An shigar da motar a kan dandamali tare da santsi, daidaitaccen wuri, gyara matsayinsa.
2. An tarwatsa dabaran don samun dama ga firikwensin kyauta.
3. Ana cire haɗin filogi da aka yi amfani da shi don haɗin kai daga babban wayoyi kuma an share shi daga datti. Masu haɗin motar baya suna nan a bayan ɗakin fasinja. Don tabbatar da shiga su ba tare da cikas ba, kuna buƙatar cire matashin wurin zama na baya kuma ku matsar da kafet tare da tabarma masu hana sauti.
4. Gudanar da duban gani na wayoyi masu haɗawa don rashin ɓarna, karyawa da cin zarafi na rufi.
5. An saita multimeter zuwa yanayin ohmmeter.
6. Ana haɗa lambobin firikwensin zuwa binciken na'urar kuma ana auna juriya. Ana iya samun ƙimar alamomi a cikin umarnin. Idan babu littafin tunani, to ana ɗaukar karatun daga 0,5 zuwa 2 kOhm azaman al'ada.
7. Dole ne a yi ƙarar kayan aikin wayoyi domin a keɓe yiwuwar gajeriyar kewayawa.
8. Don tabbatar da cewa firikwensin yana aiki, gungurawa dabaran kuma saka idanu bayanan daga na'urar. Karatun juriya yana canzawa yayin da saurin juyawa ya karu ko raguwa.
9. Canja kayan aiki zuwa yanayin voltmeter.
10. Lokacin da dabaran ke motsawa a gudun 1 rpm, ƙarfin lantarki ya kamata ya zama 0,25-0,5 V. Yayin da saurin juyawa ya karu, ƙarfin lantarki ya kamata ya karu.
11. Kula da matakan, duba sauran na'urori masu auna firikwensin.

Yana da mahimmanci! A zane da juriya dabi'u na na'urori masu auna firikwensin a gaba da raya axles ne daban-daban.

Juriya daga 0,5 zuwa 2 kOhm a tashar firikwensin ABS ana ɗaukar mafi kyau

Dangane da ma'aunin juriya da aka auna, an ƙaddara aikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin:

1. An rage mai nuna alama idan aka kwatanta da al'ada - firikwensin yana da kuskure;
2. Juriya yana kula da ko yayi daidai da sifili - tsaka-tsakin da'ira a cikin induction coil;
3. Canjin bayanan juriya lokacin lanƙwasa kayan aikin wayoyi - lalacewa ga igiyoyin waya;
4. Juriya yana da iyakacin iyaka - karya waya a cikin kayan haƙar firikwensin ko induction coil.

Yana da mahimmanci! Idan, bayan lura da ayyukan duk na'urori masu auna firikwensin, alamar juriya na kowane ɗayansu ya bambanta sosai, wannan firikwensin kuskure ne.

Kafin bincika wayoyi don amincin, kuna buƙatar nemo filogin tsarin sarrafawa. Bayan haka:

1. Bude haɗin na'urori masu auna firikwensin da na'urar sarrafawa;
2. Bisa ga pinout, duk kayan aikin waya sun zo bi da bi.

Oscilloscope

Na'urar tana ba ku damar ƙayyade daidaitaccen aikin firikwensin ABS. Dangane da jadawali na canjin siginar, ana gwada girman bugun jini da girmansu. Ana gudanar da bincike akan mota ba tare da cire tsarin ba:

1. Cire haɗin haɗin na'urar kuma tsaftace shi daga datti.
2. Ana haɗa oscilloscope zuwa firikwensin ta fil.
3. Ana juya cibiya a gudun 2-3 rpm.
4. Gyara jadawalin canjin sigina.
5. Hakazalika, duba firikwensin a wancan gefen gatari.

Oscilloscope yana ba da cikakken hoto na aikin firikwensin tsarin birki na hana kullewa

Sensors suna da kyau idan:

1. Girman jujjuyawar sigina da aka yi rikodin akan na'urori masu auna sigina guda ɗaya suna ɗaya;
2. Layin jadawali iri ɗaya ne, ba tare da rarrabuwar kawuna ba;
3. Girman girman tsayin ya tsaya tsayin daka kuma baya wuce 0,5 V.

Ba tare da kayan aiki ba

Ana iya ƙaddara daidai aikin firikwensin ta kasancewar filin maganadisu. Me yasa duk wani abu da aka yi da karfe ana shafa shi a jikin firikwensin. Lokacin da aka kunna wuta, ya kamata a ja hankalinsa.

Bugu da ƙari, wajibi ne a bincika mahallin firikwensin don amincinsa. Wiring bai kamata ya nuna ɓarna ba, fashewar rufi, oxides. Dole ne filogin haɗin firikwensin ya zama mai tsabta, lambobin ba su da iskar oxygen.

Yana da mahimmanci! Datti da oxides akan lambobin filogi na iya haifar da murdiya watsa siginar.

Gyaran firikwensin

Za'a iya gyara firikwensin ABS mai ƙarfi da kanka. Wannan yana buƙatar juriya da ƙwarewar kayan aiki. Idan kuna shakkar iyawar ku, ana ba da shawarar maye gurbin na'urar firikwensin mara kyau tare da sabon.

Ana yin gyare-gyare a cikin jerin masu zuwa:

1. An cire firikwensin a hankali daga cibiya. Ba a kwance kuskure ba, wanda a baya an yi masa magani da ruwa WD40.
2. Ana yin shingen kariya na nada tare da zato, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata iska.
3. Ana cire fim ɗin kariya daga iska tare da wuka.
4. Wayar da ta lalace ba a samu rauni ba daga nada. Cibiya ta ferrite an siffata ta kamar zaren zare.
5. Don sabon iska, zaku iya amfani da wayar jan karfe daga coils RES-8. Wayar tana rauni don kada ta fito sama da girman ainihin.
6. Auna juriya na sabon nada. Dole ne ya dace da siga na firikwensin aiki wanda yake a wancan gefen gatari. Rage ƙimar ta hanyar kwance ƴan juyi na waya daga spool. Don ƙara juriya, dole ne ku mayar da waya mafi tsayi. Gyara waya tare da tef ɗin manne ko tef.
7. Ana siyar da wayoyi, wanda zai fi dacewa masu ɗaure, zuwa ƙarshen iskar don haɗa coil ɗin zuwa dam ɗin.
8. Ana sanya coil a cikin tsohon gidaje. Idan ya lalace, to, an cika kwandon da resin epoxy, wanda a baya ya sanya shi a tsakiyar gidaje daga capacitor. Wajibi ne a cika dukkan rata tsakanin coil da ganuwar condenser tare da manne don kada iska ta kasance. Bayan resin ya taurare, an cire jiki.
9. Dutsen firikwensin yana gyarawa tare da resin epoxy. Yana kuma maganin tsagewa da kurajen da suka taso.
10. Ana kawo jikin zuwa girman da ake buƙata tare da fayil da takarda yashi.
11. An shigar da firikwensin da aka gyara a ainihin wurinsa. An saita rata tsakanin tip da rotor gear tare da taimakon gaskets a cikin 0,9-1,1 mm.

Bayan shigar da firikwensin da aka gyara, ana gano tsarin ABS a cikin sauri daban-daban. Wani lokaci, kafin tsayawa, aiki na tsarin yana faruwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba. A wannan yanayin, an gyara ratar aiki na firikwensin tare da taimakon sararin samaniya ko niƙa na tsakiya.

Yana da mahimmanci! Ba za a iya gyara kuskuren na'urori masu saurin aiki ba kuma dole ne a musanya su da sababbi.

Bidiyo: yadda ake gyara firikwensin ABS

Yadda ake gyara ABS a gida, hasken ABS yana kunne, Yadda ake duba firikwensin ABS, ABS ba ya aiki🔧

Gyaran wayoyi

Ana iya maye gurbin wayoyi da suka lalace. Don wannan:

1. Cire haɗin filogin waya daga naúrar sarrafawa.
2. Zana ko daukar hoto tsarin madaidaicin igiyoyin waya tare da ma'aunin nesa.
3. Cire kullin hawa kuma wargaza firikwensin tare da wayoyi, bayan cire maƙallan hawa daga ciki.
4. Yanke sashin da ya lalace na waya, la'akari da tsayin tsayin daka don siyarwa.
5. Cire murfin kariya da kayan aiki daga kebul ɗin yanke.
6. Ana sanya murfi da manne a kan waya da aka riga aka zaɓa bisa ga diamita na waje da ketare tare da maganin sabulu.
7. Sayar da firikwensin da mai haɗawa zuwa ƙarshen sabon kayan doki.
8. Ware wuraren sayar da kayayyaki. Daidaitaccen siginar da firikwensin ke watsawa da kuma rayuwar sabis na sashin wayoyi da aka gyara sun dogara da ingancin rufin.
9. An shigar da firikwensin a wurin, an saita wayoyi kuma an gyara shi bisa ga zane.
10. Bincika aikin tsarin a hanyoyi daban-daban na sauri.

Dole ne a keɓe wurin siyar da babban inganci don ƙara daidaiton siginar da aka watsa

Amincin masu amfani da hanya ya dogara da ingancin tsarin hana kulle birki. Idan ana so, ana iya aiwatar da ganewar asali da gyara na'urori masu auna firikwensin ABS da kansa, ba tare da yin amfani da sabis na sabis na mota ba.

An rufe tattaunawa don wannan shafin