Yadda za a yi amfani da haske daidai lokacin harbin keken dutse?

Idan ku, kamar mu, kuna sha'awar daukar hoto kuma koyaushe kuna ƙoƙarin samun mafi kyawun harbi a cikin yanayin da aka bayar da haɓaka fasahar ku, ga wasu nasihu don ɗaukar mataki ɗaya gaba da fatan taimaka muku ɗaukar manyan hotuna na keken dutse. ... tafiye-tafiyen da za su haɗu da sauri kwas ɗin kwas akan UtagawaVTT !!!

A matsayin gabatarwa, tukwici na farko: koyaushe ɗaukar hotuna waɗanda ba a bayyana su ba (musamman idan kuna harbi a tsarin jpeg). Zai fi sauƙi don sake taɓa hoto wanda ba shi da ɗan ƙaranci fiye da yadda aka yi shi; da zarar hoton ya zama fari, ba za a iya dawo da launuka ba!

Raw ko JPEG?

Wataƙila ba ku da zaɓi! Shin kyamarar ku tana ba ku damar yin harbi a cikin tsarin RAW ko a cikin tsarin jpeg kawai? Idan na'urarka tana goyan bayan danye, yawanci ana saita shi zuwa jpeg ta tsohuwa. Kuma yana aiki sosai! Don haka me yasa canji? Menene fa'idodi da rashin amfanin kowane tsari?

Da farko, menene JPEG? Lokacin da kuka ɗauki hoto, firikwensin yana yin rikodin duk bayanan hotonku, sannan mai sarrafa na'urar da ke cikin na'urar ta canza shi (bambanta, jikewa, launi), da kansa yana sake taɓa hoton kuma yana matsawa don sadar da tsarin jpeg na ƙarshe. tsari. Ba kamar tsarin RAW ba, kamara ba ta sarrafa shi ba.

Dangane da wannan, zamu iya faɗi kusan cewa fa'idodin jpeg shine hoton da aka riga aka sarrafa (ingantacce?!), Ana iya karantawa akan kowace kwamfuta, matsawa, don haka ƙarin nauyi, shirye don amfani! A gefe guda, yana da ƙarancin daki-daki fiye da danye kuma da wuya yana goyan bayan ƙarin sabuntawa.

Sabanin haka, ba a sarrafa ɗanyen fayil ɗin ba, don haka bayanan firikwensin ba a rasa ba, akwai ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, musamman a cikin haske da wuraren duhu, kuma ana iya gyara su. Amma yana buƙatar software don sarrafa shi, ba za a iya karantawa ko buga shi kai tsaye ta kwamfuta ba, kuma ya fi jpeg nauyi. Bugu da kari, ana buƙatar katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai sauri don fashewar harbi.

Don haka menene zaɓi don yin fim a kan hawan keken ku? Idan kuna son harba al'amuran ayyuka kamar tsalle kuma kuna buƙatar yanayin fashewa, ana ba da shawarar jpeg tare da ƙaramin katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya! A gefe guda, idan kun harba a cikin yanayin haske na tsaka-tsaki (dazuzzuka, mummunan yanayi, da dai sauransu), ko kuma idan kuna buƙatar matsakaicin inganci da ƙarfin sake kunnawa, ba shakka a cikin RAW!

farin ma'auni

Shin kun taɓa ɗaukar hotuna marasa kyau da gaske? Menene, alal misali, tare da launin rawaya mai launin rawaya a cikin maraice a cikin gida ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin shuɗi a waje a ranar gajimare? Farin ma'auni shine daidaitawar kamara ta yadda farin launi na wurin ya kasance fari a cikin hoton a ƙarƙashin duk yanayin harbi. Kowane tushen haske yana da launi daban-daban: alal misali, orange don fitilar wuta, ƙarin bluish don walƙiya. A kan titi a cikin hanya guda, dangane da lokacin rana ko yanayi, launi na haske yana canzawa. Idonmu yawanci yana rama fari don ya bayyana mana fari, amma ba koyaushe kamar kyamara ba! To ta yaya kuke saita ma'auni na fari? Yana da sauƙi: ya danganta da nau'in tushen hasken da ke haskaka abin ku.

Yawancin kyamarori suna da saitunan da suka dace da nau'ikan haske daban-daban: atomatik, incandescent, fluorescent, rana, gajimare, da sauransu. Guji yanayin atomatik idan zai yiwu kuma ɗauki lokaci don daidaita ma'auni don dacewa da yanayin da kuke ciki. ... ! Idan kuna daukar hoto yayin hawan keken dutse, duba yanayin: gajimare ko rana, a cikin daji a cikin inuwa, ko a saman dutse a cikin hasken rana? Waɗannan hanyoyi daban-daban yawanci suna ba da sakamako mai gamsarwa! Sannan kuma hakan zai hana hotunanku samun bangarori daban-daban ta fuskar launi iri daya, wasu ma sun fi rawaya ko shudi!

Ana amfani da gyare-gyaren ma'auni don yin hotuna a kusa da yadda zai yiwu ga gaskiyar da ido ya gane, amma akasin haka, za ku iya daidaita ma'auni na fari don ba da hoton tasiri na musamman!

Budewa da zurfin filin

Zurfin filin shine yanki na hoto inda abubuwa ke mayar da hankali. Canza zurfin filin yana ba ku damar haskaka wasu abubuwa ko cikakkun bayanai.

• Idan ina harbi batun kusa tare da kyakkyawan bango ko shimfidar wuri, Ina son duka batun da bayanan su kasance cikin mai da hankali. Don yin wannan, zan ƙara zurfin filin.
• Idan na ɗauki batu na kusa (kamar hoto) wanda nake so in haskaka, na rage zurfin filin. Batun nawa zai kasance a mayar da hankali kan blush bango.

Don yin wasa tare da zurfin filin a cikin daukar hoto, dole ne ku yi amfani da saitin da duk kyamarori sukan bayar: buɗe ido.

Menene budi?

Budewa (Aperture) na lensi siga ce da ke sarrafa diamita na buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen. Ana siffanta shi da adadin yawan ambaton "f / N". An ayyana wannan lambar mara girma a matsayin rabon tsayin tsayin f na ruwan tabarau zuwa diamita d na saman ramin da buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen ya bari ː N = f / d

A tsayin dakaru mai tsayi, haɓakar adadin buɗewar N shine sakamakon rufe diaphragm. Ana amfani da zane-zane da yawa don nuna farashin buɗewa. Misali, don nuna cewa ana amfani da ruwan tabarau tare da buɗaɗɗen 2,8, mun sami bayanin kula: N = 2,8, ko f / 2,8, ko F2.8, ko 1: 2.8, ko kawai 2.8.

An daidaita ƙimar buɗewa: n = 1,4 - 2 - 2,8 - 4 - 5,6 - 8 - 11 - 16 - 22… da sauransu.

An saita waɗannan ƙimar ta yadda haske ya ninka sau biyu ya shiga cikin ruwan tabarau yayin da kuke motsawa daga ƙimar ɗaya zuwa wancan a cikin hanyar da ke gangarowa.

Tsawon tsayi / budewa (f / n) yana bayyana ra'ayi mai mahimmanci, musamman a cikin hotuna da daukar hoto: zurfin filin.

Doka mai sauƙi:

• Don haɓaka zurfin filin, Na zaɓi ƙaramin buɗe ido (muna yawan faɗin "Ina kusa da iyakar" ...).
• Don rage zurfin filin (blur bango), Na zaɓi babban buɗe ido.

Amma a yi hankali, an bayyana buɗaɗɗen buɗewar a matsayin rabon "1 / n". Duk da haka, kyamarori ba sa nuna "1 / n" amma "n". Masu neman ilimin lissafi za su fahimci wannan: don nuna babban budewa, dole ne in nuna ƙaramin n, kuma don nuna ƙaramin buɗewa, dole ne in nuna babban n.

A takaice:

Zurfin fili mai zurfi saboda babban buɗewa don haka ƙarami n (4)

Babban buɗe filin saboda ƙaramin buɗewa don haka babban n (8)

Kar ka manta da haske!

Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, budewa yana rinjayar adadin hasken da ke shiga cikin ruwan tabarau. Don haka, buɗaɗɗen buɗewa da fallasa suna da alaƙa idan muna son batun ya bayyana da kyau a gaba da kuma bayanan da aka fi mayar da hankali (tare da ƙaramin buɗe ido kamar f / 16 ko f / 22), yayin da haske ba dole ba ne ya ƙyale shi. zai zama dole don rama rashin haske ta hanyar haɓaka saurin rufewa ko fahimtar ISO, amma hakan zai zama batun labarin gaba!