Yadda za a koyi fahimtar motoci daga karce? Cikakken bidiyo

Ikon fahimtar injuna babban ra'ayi ne mai faɗi. Ga wasu, ya isa ya bambanta samfurin ɗaya daga wani. Haka mutanen da sana'arsu ke da alaƙa da motoci sun ba da ma'ana mafi fa'ida a cikin wannan ra'ayi:

• nau'in jiki;
• ajin mota;
• nau'in injin - injector, carburetor, dizal, guda ɗaya ko bugun jini biyu, matasan, abin hawa na lantarki;
• watsa - injiniyoyi, atomatik, variator, robotic, preselective (biyu kama).

Idan kuna aiki, alal misali, a cikin kamfani da ke siyar da kayan gyara ko a cikin shagon mota, to bisa ga bayanin aikin, kawai dole ne ku sami cikakkiyar masaniya game da:

• sun san kewayon samfurin na musamman na kera motoci - wato, dole ne su san menene bambanci tsakanin injuna daban-daban, misali Vaz-2104 - Vaz-21073, Vaz-21067, ƙarar su, man fetur, fasali;
• fasaha fasali na daban-daban raka'a;
• zane da na'urar fasali.

Idan kun taɓa samun siyan kayan gyara, to kun san cewa ya isa ƙwararren ƙwararren masani ya nuna wannan ko wancan ɓangaren - silinda mai aiki birki, gear na biyu, babban ko matsakaicin shaft na akwatin gear, kebul na kama. , abin da aka saki, faifan feredo - zai ba su suna ba tare da wata matsala ba, ya gaya wa motar da ta fito, kuma mafi mahimmanci, gaya muku ainihin abin da yake. Hakanan zai sauƙaƙe zaɓin ɓangaren da kuke buƙata daga kasidar - daga zoben roba mai rufewa ko cuff, zuwa taron masu rarrabawa ko bayan fage na akwatin gear.

A bayyane yake cewa irin wannan fasaha ya zo ne kawai tare da kwarewa. Za mu yi ƙoƙari mu ba da shawarwari na asali akan gidan yanar gizon mu Vodi.su.

Mahimman ra'ayi

Kowace mota ta ƙunshi manyan tsare-tsare guda bakwai:

• mota;
• watsa
• tuƙi;
• chassis ko dakatarwa;
• tsarin birki;
• jiki;
• kayan lantarki.

Jiki - azuzuwan da iri

Abu na farko da muke gani lokacin sha'awar wannan ko waccan motar shine jiki. Mun riga mun yi magana game da wannan a kan gidan yanar gizon mu, don haka kawai za mu maimaita.

Nau'in Jiki:

• juzu'i ɗaya - minivans (injin, ciki, akwati an haɗa su cikin tsarin sararin samaniya ɗaya);
• juzu'i biyu - hatchback, wagon tashar, SUV, crossover;
• juzu'i uku - sedan, limousine, roadster, pickup.

Har ila yau, ajin mota ya dogara da tsawon jiki - akwai hanyoyi da yawa na rarrabawa, mafi yawan na kowa shine Turai:

• "A" - ƙananan hatchbacks, irin su Chevrolet Spark, Daewoo Matiz;
• "B" - ƙananan motoci - duk VAZs, Daewoo Lanos, Geely MK;
• "C" - tsakiyar aji - Skoda Octavia, Ford Focus, Mitsubishi Lancer.

Da kyau, da sauransu - akan gidan yanar gizon mu Vodi.su akwai labarin inda aka kwatanta azuzuwan dalla-dalla.

Hakanan masana'antun guda ɗaya suna da nasu nau'ikan rarrabuwa, misali, BMW, Audi, ko Mercedes. Ya isa ya je gidan yanar gizon hukuma don sanin bambanci:

• Mercedes A-class - ƙaramin aji, yayi daidai da ajin B bisa ga rarrabuwar Turai;
• B-class - yayi daidai da C-class;
• C-class (Comfort-Klasse);
• CLA - ƙaramin daraja mara nauyi;
• G, GLA, GLC, GLE, M - Gelendvagen, SUVs da SUV class.

Yana da sauƙin fahimtar rabe-raben Audi:

• A1-A8 - hatchbacks, kekunan tashar tare da tsayin jiki daban-daban;
• Q3, Q5, Q7 - SUVs, crossovers;
• TT - masu ba da hanya, coupes;
• R8 motar wasanni ce;
• RS - "cajin juzu'i" tare da ingantattun halaye na fasaha.

BMW yana da rabe-rabe iri ɗaya:

• Jerin 1-7 - motocin fasinja irin su hatchback, wagon tashar, sedan;
• X1, X3-X6 - SUVs, crossovers;
• Z4 - masu ba da hanya, coupes, masu canzawa;
• M-jerin - nau'ikan "caji".

Ga mafi yawan masu siye, musamman mata, nau'in jiki ne ke da mahimmanci. Duk da haka, aikin jiki shine kawai abin rufewa, kuma ƙayyadaddun bayanai shine abu mafi mahimmanci. Bari mu yi la'akari da manyan.

Injin

Maudu'in yana da yawa, bari mu sanya sunayen manyan batutuwa:

• ta irin man fetur - fetur, dizal, gas, gas-man fetur, hybrids, motocin lantarki;
• ta adadin cylinders - uku-Silinda ko fiye (akwai, misali, injuna 8 da 16 cylinders);
• bisa ga wurin da aka yi da silinda - in-line (Silinda kawai ya tsaya a jere), tsayayya (silinda da juna), V-dimbin yawa;
• ta wurin wuri a ƙarƙashin kaho - a tsaye, m.

A yawancin motocin fasinja, ana amfani da injunan layi 3-4-cylinder tare da tsayin daka (tare da axis na motsi) ko shigarwa mai juyawa. Idan muna magana ne game da manyan motoci ko motoci sama da matsakaicin aji, to ana samun wutar lantarki ta hanyar ƙara silinda.

Bugu da kari, wani abu mai mahimmanci na injin shine tsarin sanyaya, wanda zai iya zama:

• ruwa - ana yin sanyaya tare da maganin daskarewa, maganin daskarewa, ruwa mai tsabta;
• iska - misali mai haske na "Zaporozhets", wanda injin ya kasance a baya, kuma an shayar da iska a cikin godiya ga fan, ana amfani da tsarin iri ɗaya akan babura;
• hade - sanyaya tare da antifreeze, ana amfani da fan don ƙarin iska.

Hakanan mahimman bayanai:

• tsarin allura - carburetor, injector;
• tsarin kunnawa - lamba (ta yin amfani da mai rarrabawa), mara lamba (Hall firikwensin, sauyawa), lantarki (tsarin yana sarrafawa ta hanyar sarrafawa);
• hanyar rarraba gas;
• tsarin lubrication da sauransu.

Ana aikawa

Babban aikin watsawa shine watsa karfin wuta daga motar zuwa ƙafafun.

Abubuwan watsawa:

• kama - haɗi ko raba watsawa daga injin;
• gearbox - zaɓin yanayin tuƙi;
• cardan, cardan watsa - yana canja wurin lokacin motsi zuwa ga tuƙi;
• bambanci - rarraba juzu'i tsakanin ƙafafun motar axle.

Yawancin motoci na zamani suna amfani da busassun clutch guda ɗaya ko biyu, an haɗa su da na'urar hannu ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa (Semi-atomatik, preselective) gearbox, ko jujjuyawar juzu'i - tsarin hydrostatic wanda makamashin injin ke saita kwararar mai a cikin motsi - watsawa ta atomatik. ko CVT (maganin bincike).

Wannan shine kawai nau'in akwatin gear yana da mahimmanci ga mutane da yawa. Daga namu gwaninta, bari mu ce makanikai ne mafi zabin, tun da direba da kansa ya zabi mafi kyau duka yanayi da kuma ta haka yana cinye ƙasa da man fetur. Bugu da ƙari, watsawar hannu yana da sauƙi kuma mai arha don kulawa. Atomatik da CVT - ƙwarai sauƙaƙe tsarin tuki, amma idan sun karya, to, shirya kudi mai yawa.

Hakanan watsawa ya haɗa da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar nau'in tuƙi:

• gaba ko baya - lokacin jujjuyawar ya faɗi a kan axis ɗaya;
• cikakke - duka gatura suna jagora, duk da haka, tuƙin na iya zama ko dai dindindin ko toshewa.

Ana amfani da yanayin canja wuri don rarraba juzu'i a kan gatari abin hawa. An shigar da shi a cikin motocin tuƙi, kamar UAZ-469 ko Vaz-2121 Niva.

Kamar yadda kake gani, mota hanya ce mai rikitarwa. Duk da haka, ga mafi yawan, ya isa ya iya sarrafa shi da kuma yin ayyuka masu sauƙi, kamar canza motar. Kulawa ya fi dacewa ga ƙwararru.

Bidiyo: na'urar da zaɓin mota

Siyan motar da aka yi amfani da ita - "don dummies"

Ana lodawa…