menene shi kuma wane aiki yake yi?
Injin konewa na ciki shine zuciyar kowace mota ta zamani.
Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa da yawa:
- silinda;
- pistons;
- crankshaft;
- abin tashi.
Tare suka samar da tsarin crank. Crank, wanda kuma aka sani da crankshaft (Crank Shaft) ko kuma a sauƙaƙe - crankshaft, yana yin aiki mai mahimmanci - yana canza motsin fassarar da pistons ya ƙirƙira zuwa juzu'i. Lokacin da kibiya akan tachometer ta kusanci 2000 rpm, wannan yana nuna cewa crankshaft yayi daidai adadin juyi. Da kyau, to, ana watsa wannan lokacin ta hanyar kama zuwa watsawa, kuma daga gare ta zuwa ƙafafun.
Na'urar
Kamar yadda ka sani, pistons a cikin injin suna motsawa ba daidai ba - wasu suna a tsakiyar matattu, wasu a ƙasa. An haɗa pistons zuwa crankshaft tare da sanduna masu haɗawa. Don tabbatar da irin wannan m motsi na pistons, crankshaft, sabanin duk sauran shafts a cikin mota - firamare, sakandare, tuƙi, gas rarraba - yana da musamman lankwasa siffar. Shi ya sa ake kiransa crank.
Babban abubuwa:
- manyan mujallolin - suna tare da axis na shaft, ba sa motsawa a lokacin juyawa kuma suna cikin crankcase;
- haɗakar da mujallolin sanda - kashewa daga tsakiya na tsakiya da kuma kwatanta da'irar a lokacin juyawa, shi ne a gare su cewa igiyoyi masu haɗawa suna haɗe da igiyoyi masu haɗawa;
- shank - an kafa ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa a kansa;
- sock - ratchet an haɗa shi da shi, tare da abin da aka yi amfani da lokacin motsa jiki - an saka bel na janareta a kan zane, shi, dangane da samfurin, yana jujjuya ruwan wukake na famfo mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, fan na kwandishan.
Har ila yau, ma'aunin nauyi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa - godiya gare su, shaft na iya juyawa ta hanyar inertia. Bugu da kari, ana hako mai a cikin mujallu na haɗin gwiwa - tashoshi na man fetur wanda man inji ke shiga don sa mai. A cikin toshewar injin, an ɗora ƙugiya ta amfani da manyan bearings.
A baya can, an yi amfani da crankshafts da aka riga aka yi amfani da su, amma an yi watsi da su, saboda saboda tsananin jujjuyawar da aka yi a mahadar abubuwan da aka gyara, manyan kaya sun taso kuma babu wani ɗaki ɗaya da zai iya tsayayya da su. Sabili da haka, a yau suna amfani da cikakken zaɓuɓɓukan tallafi, wato, yanke daga karfe ɗaya.
Tsarin samar da su yana da rikitarwa sosai, saboda wajibi ne don tabbatar da daidaiton microscopic, wanda aikin injin zai dogara da shi. A cikin samarwa, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen kwamfuta masu rikitarwa da kayan auna laser, wanda zai iya tantance karkacewar a zahiri a matakin ɗaruruwan millimita. Har ila yau, mahimmancin mahimmanci shine ainihin ƙididdiga na yawan adadin crankshaft - an auna shi zuwa milligram na ƙarshe.
Idan muka kwatanta ka'idar aiki na crankshaft, to, ya dace daidai da lokacin bawul da hawan keke na ingin konewa na ciki na 4-stroke, wanda muka riga muka yi magana game da Vodi.su. Wato, lokacin da fistan ya kasance a mafi girman matsayi, jarida mai haɗawa da aka bayyana da ita ita ma tana saman tsakiyar axis na shaft, kuma yayin da shaft ɗin ke juyawa, duk 3-4, ko ma pistons 16 suna motsawa. Saboda haka, yawan silinda a cikin injin, mafi rikitarwa siffar crank.
Yana da wuya a yi la'akari da girman girman crankshaft a cikin injin ma'adinan ma'adinai, wanda kuma muka yi magana game da shi a gidan yanar gizon mu Vodi.su. Alal misali, BelAZ 75600 yana da engine tare da girma na 77 lita da ikon 3500 hp. Ƙarfin crankshaft yana fitar da pistons 18.
Crankshaft niƙa
Crankshaft abu ne mai tsada sosai, duk da haka, saboda gogayya, a ƙarshe ya zama mara amfani. Domin kada a sayi sabo, an goge shi. Ana iya yin wannan aikin ne kawai ta masu juyawa masu daraja waɗanda ke da kayan aikin da suka dace.
Hakanan kuna buƙatar siyan saitin sandar haɗin gyare-gyare da manyan bearings. Ana sayar da abubuwan da ake sakawa a kusan kowane kantin sayar da kayayyaki kuma a tafi ƙarƙashin sunayen:
- H (girman ƙima) - dace da sigogi na sabon crank;
- P (P1, P2, P3) - gyare-gyaren layi, diamita ya fi girma millimeters.
Dangane da girman gyare-gyaren gyaran gyare-gyare, mai juyayi mai juyayi daidai yana auna diamita na wuyansa kuma ya daidaita su don dacewa da sababbin layi. Ga kowane samfurin, an ƙaddamar da filin gyaran gyaran gyare-gyare.
Kuna iya tsawaita rayuwar crankshaft ta amfani da man injuna mai inganci da canza shi a kan kari.
Ana lodawa…
