bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na Italiya na yakin duniya na biyu
bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na Italiya na yakin duniya na biyu
A cikin 30s da 40s, masana'antar Italiyanci, tare da keɓancewa da yawa, sun samar da tankuna waɗanda ba mafi inganci ba kuma tare da sigogi mara kyau. Koyaya, a lokaci guda, masu zanen Italiyanci sun sami nasarar haɓaka ƙirar ACS da yawa masu nasara akan chassis ɗin su, waɗanda za'a tattauna a cikin labarin.
Akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne cin hanci da rashawa a farkon shekarun 30s, lokacin da FIAT da Ansaldo suka sami rinjaye a kan samar da motoci masu sulke ga sojojin Italiya, wanda manyan hafsoshi (ciki har da Marshal Hugo Cavaliero) sukan mallaki hannun jari. Tabbas, an sami ƙarin matsaloli, ciki har da wasu ci baya na wasu rassa na masana'antar Italiya, kuma a ƙarshe, matsaloli tare da haɓaka dabarun da suka dace don ci gaban sojojin.
Don haka ne sojojin Italiya suka yi nisa a bayan shugabannin duniya, kuma turawan Ingila, Faransawa da Amurkawa ne suka tsara yanayin, sannan daga kimanin shekara ta 1935 kuma na Jamus da Soviets. Italiyawa sun gina babban tanki mai haske na FIAT 3000 mai nasara a farkon zamanin makamai masu sulke, amma nasarorin da suka samu daga baya ya karkata sosai daga wannan ma'auni. Bayan haka, samfurin, wanda ya dace da samfurin da kamfanin Birtaniya Vickers ya gabatar, an gano shi a cikin sojojin Italiya ta hanyar tankettes CV.33 da CV.35 (Carro Veloce, tanki mai sauri), kuma kadan daga baya, L6 / 40 tanki mai haske, wanda bai yi nasara sosai ba kuma ya yi marigayi shekaru da yawa (an canza shi zuwa sabis a 1940).
Ƙungiyoyin masu sulke na Italiya, waɗanda aka kafa daga 1938, sun kasance suna karɓar bindigogi (a matsayin wani ɓangare na rajimanti) da ke da ikon tallafawa tankuna da masu motsa jiki, wanda kuma ya buƙaci motsa jiki. Duk da haka, sojojin Italiya suna bin ayyukan da suka bayyana tun daga shekarun 20 don gabatar da manyan bindigogi tare da manyan wurare da kuma mafi girman juriya ga wuta na abokan gaba, masu iya kaddamar da yaki tare da tankuna. Ta haka ne aka haife manufar bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu ga sojojin Italiya. Mu koma baya kadan mu canza wurin...
Bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu kafin yakin
Asalin bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da tankokin yaki na farko suka shiga fagen fama. A shekara ta 1916, an kera wata na'ura a Biritaniya, wadda ta keɓance mai ɗauke da bindiga Mark I, kuma a lokacin rani na shekara ta gaba an ƙirƙira ta saboda rashin motsin manyan bindigogin da aka ja, wanda har ma ba zai iya ci gaba da tafiyar hawainiya ta farko ba. - bindigogi masu motsi. motsi na tankuna akan ƙasa mai wahala. Zanensa ya dogara ne akan wani babban gyare-gyare na Mark I chassis. An yi sanye da kayan sawa mai nauyin kilo 60 (127 mm) ko 6-inch 26-cent (152 mm). An ba da odar cranes guda 50, biyu daga cikinsu na dauke da na'urorin tafi da gidanka. Bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na farko sun fara fitowa a fafatawar a lokacin Yaƙin Ypres na uku (Yuli-Oktoba 1917), amma ba su sami nasara sosai ba. An kiyasta cewa ba su yi nasara ba kuma an mayar da su cikin sauri zuwa motocin sulke dauke da alburusai. Duk da haka, tarihin bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu ya fara da su.
Bayan kawo karshen yakin basasa, an mamaye gine-gine daban-daban. A hankali an samu rarrabuwar bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu zuwa sassa daban-daban, wadanda aka samu wasu sauye-sauye, har ya zuwa yau. Shahararru sun hada da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu (masu harbin bindiga, masu harbin bindiga, masu harbin bindiga) da kuma turmi. An san bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu da masu lalata tankokin yaki. Don kare ginshiƙai masu sulke, injiniyoyi da injiniyoyi daga hare-haren iska, an fara gina na'urori masu sarrafa kansu (kamar Mark I na 1924, ɗauke da bindiga mai nauyin 76,2-mm 3-pounder). A cikin rabin na biyu na 30s, an ƙirƙiri samfuran farko na bindigogi masu hari (Sturmeschütz, StuG III) a Jamus, waɗanda a zahiri maye gurbin tankunan yaƙi ne da aka yi amfani da su a wasu wurare, amma a cikin juzu'i mara kyau. A gaskiya ma, tankunan samar da kayayyaki a Biritaniya da Amurka, da tankunan yaki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, sun ɗan bambanta da wannan ra'ayin, yawanci suna ɗauke da manyan bindigogi fiye da ma'aunin tanki na wannan nau'in da kuma tabbatar da halakar abokan gaba. fortifications da maki na juriya.
