Lamborghini tarihi

A duk tsawon lokacin wanzuwarta, kuma wannan ya riga ya kusan shekaru 57, kamfanin Italiyanci Lamborghini, wanda ya zama wani babban abin damuwa, ya sami suna a matsayin alama ta duniya wacce ke ba da umarnin girmama masu fafatawa da fa'idar magoya baya. samfura iri -iri - daga masu tuƙi zuwa SUVs. Kuma wannan duk da cewa samarwa ta fara aiki daga farko kuma tana gab da tsayawa sau da yawa. Muna ba da shawara don bin tarihin ci gaban wata alama mai nasara wacce ta haɗa sunayen samfuran tarinsa tare da sunayen shahararrun bijimai masu shiga cikin harkar shanu.

Mahaliccin motocin motsa jiki masu ban mamaki da ra'ayinsa da farko an ɗauke shi mahaukaci, amma Ferruccio Lamborghini bai da sha'awar ra'ayin wasu. Ya yi taurin kai don bin mafarkinsa kuma, sakamakon haka, ya gabatar wa duniya da ingantaccen tsari mai kyau, wanda aka inganta daga baya, ya canza, amma a lokaci guda ya riƙe zane na musamman.

Tunanin kirkira na bude kofofin almakashi a tsaye, wanda yanzu haka masu kera motocin motsa jiki ke amfani da shi, ana kiransa "kofofin lambo" kuma ya zama alamar kasuwanci ce ta alama ta kasar Italiya mai nasara.

A halin yanzu, Automobili Lamborghini SpA, ƙarƙashin kulawar Audi AG, yana cikin babban damuwar Volkswagen AG, amma yana da hedikwata a ƙaramin garin lardin Sant'Agata Bolognese, wanda ke cikin yankin gudanarwar Emilia Romagna. Kuma wannan yana cikin nisan kilomita 15 daga birnin Maranello, inda sanannen masana'antar kera motoci - Ferrari ke.

Da farko, ba a saka kera motoci cikin shirin Lamborghini ba. 

Kamfanin ya tsunduma ne kawai cikin ci gaban kayan aikin noma, kuma kadan daga baya, kayan aikin sanyaya masana'antu. Amma farawa daga shekarun 60 na karnin da ya gabata, shugabanin ayyukan masana'antar ya canza sosai, wanda ya kasance farkon farawar fitattun manyan motoci.

Amfanin kafa kamfanin na Ferruccio Lamborghini ne, wanda ake zaton ya zama ɗan kasuwa mai nasara. Kwanan wata hukuma ta kafuwar Automobili Lamborghini SpA ana ɗaukarta Mayu 1963. Nasara ta zo nan da nan bayan fitowar kwafin farko, wanda ya shiga cikin baje kolin Turin a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar. Samfurin Lamborghini 350 GT ne wanda aka fara gabatar dashi kasa da shekara daya.

Samfurin Lamborghini 350 GT

Ba da daɗewa ba, ba a sake sakin samfurin Lamborghini 400 GT mai ƙarancin ban sha'awa ba, manyan tallace-tallace daga cikinsu sun ba da damar ci gaban Lamborghini Miura, wanda ya zama nau'in "katin ziyartar" na alama.

Matsalolin farko da Lamborghini ya fuskanta a cikin 70s, lokacin da wanda ya kafa Lamborghini ya sayar da rabonsa na wanda ya kafa (samar da taraktoci) ga masu fafatawa da shi - Fiat. Wannan aikin yana da alaƙa da rushewar kwangilar da Kudancin Amurka ta yi alƙawarin karɓar manyan motoci. Yanzu taraktoci a ƙarƙashin alamar Lamborghini kamfanin Same Deutz-Fahr Group SpA ne ya samar da su

Shekarun saba'in na karnin da ya gabata sun kawo babbar nasara da riba ga masana'antar Ferruccio. Koyaya, ya yanke shawarar siyar da haƙƙin mallakarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa, na farko mafi rinjaye (51%) ga mai saka hannun jari na Switzerland Georges-Henri Rosetti, sauran kuma ga ɗan ƙasarsu Rene Leimer. Dayawa sun yi amannar cewa dalilin wannan shine rashin kulawar magaji - Tonino Lamborghini - ga kera motoci.

A halin yanzu, matsalar man fetur da rikicin kudi ya tilasta masu mallakar Lamborghini canzawa. Adadin kwastomomin yana ta raguwa saboda jinkirin isar da kayan, wanda kuma, ya dogara da kayayyakin kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su, wadanda su ma ba a cika su ba. 

Don gyara yanayin kuɗi, an ƙulla yarjejeniya tare da BMW, wanda Lamborghini ya ɗauka don daidaita motar motar su da fara samarwa. Amma kamfanin yana da ƙarancin lokaci don "goyan baya", saboda an fi mai da hankali da kuɗi ga sabon ƙirar Cheetah (Cheetah). Amma duk da haka an soke kwangilar, duk da cewa an kammala ƙira da haɓaka BMW.

Wadanda suka maye gurbin Lamborghini sun shigar da karar fatarar kudi a 1978. Ta hanyar yanke hukuncin kotun Ingilishi, an sanya kasuwancin don gwanjo kuma 'yan uwan ​​Mimram, masu Rukunin Mimran sun saya. Kuma a cikin 1987 Lamborghini ya shiga mallakar Chrysler (Chrysler). Shekaru bakwai bayan haka, wannan mai saka hannun jari ba zai iya jure nauyin kuɗin ba, kuma bayan canza wani mai shi, a ƙarshe an shigar da masana'anta na Italiya zuwa babbar damuwa Volkswagen AG a matsayin wani ɓangare na tabbatacce akan ƙafafunsa Audi.

Godiya ga Ferruccio Lamborghini, duniya ta ga manyan supercars na ƙira na musamman, waɗanda har yanzu ana sha'awar su. An yi imanin cewa zaɓaɓɓu kaɗan ne kawai zasu iya mallakar mallakar mota - mutane masu nasara da masu dogaro da kai.

A cikin shekara ta 12 na sabuwar karni, an kammala yarjejeniya tsakanin Bungiyar Burevestnik da Lamborghini Rasha ta Rasha game da amincewa da dillalan hukuma na ƙarshen. Yanzu an buɗe cibiyar sabis a cikin Tarayyar Rasha a madadin mashahurin alama tare da damar ba kawai don sanin dukkanin tarin Lamborghini ba da kuma saya / oda samfurin da aka zaɓa ba, har ma don sayan keɓaɓɓun kaya, kayan haɗi da kayayyakin gyara.

Founder

Claan bayani: a cikin Rasha, ana ambaci kamfanin sau da yawa a cikin sautin "Lamborghini", mai yiwuwa saboda an ja hankali zuwa harafin "g" (ji), amma wannan furucin ba daidai bane. Nahawun Italia, kodayake, kamar a wasu lokuta Ingilishi, yana bayar da lafazin haɗakar haruffa "gh", kamar sauti "g". Wannan yana nufin cewa lafazin Lamborghini shine kawai zaɓin da ya dace.

Ferruccio Lamborghini (Afrilu 28.04.1916, 20.02.1993 - XNUMX ga Fabrairu, XNUMX)

Sananne ne cewa mahaliccin samfuran wasanni na musamman daga yarinta yana sha'awar asirin hanyoyin daban-daban. Kasancewar shi babban masanin halayyar dan adam, mahaifinsa Antonio duk da haka ya nuna hikimar iyaye kuma ya shirya wani karamin bita ga matashi a cikin gonar sa. A nan ne wanda ya kafa sanannen kamfanin Lamborghini ya ƙware da ƙirar ƙa'idodin ƙira har ma ya sami damar ƙirƙirar hanyoyin da suke cin nasara.

Ferruccio sannu a hankali ya girmama ƙwarewar sa zuwa ƙwarewa a makarantar injiniyan Bologna, kuma daga baya ya zama mai gyaran kanikanci, yayin da yake cikin soja. Kuma a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II, Ferruccio ya koma ƙasarsa a lardin Renazzo, inda ya tsunduma cikin sake gina motocin soja zuwa kayan aikin gona.

Kasuwancin da aka samu ya nuna farkon buɗe kasuwancin ta, don haka kamfani na farko mallakar Ferruccio Lamborghini ya bayyana - Lamborghini Trattori SpA, wanda ya samar da tarakta wanda matashin ɗan kasuwa ya inganta gaba ɗaya. Alamar da za a iya ganewa - bijimin faɗa a kan garkuwa - ya bayyana a zahiri nan take, har ma a kan taraktocin farko na ƙirarta.

A tarakta da Ferruccio Lamborghini ya tsara

Arshen shekarun 40 ya zama muhimmi ga ɗan kasuwa mai kirkirar abubuwa. Samun nasara cikin nasara shine dalilin yin tunani game da kafuwar kamfani na biyu. Kuma a cikin 1960, samar da kayan aikin dumama da kayan sanyaya masana'antu sun bayyana - kamfanin Lamborghini Bruciatori. 

Nasara mai ban mamaki ya kawo wadatar da ba a zata ba wanda ya ba da damar ɗayan manyan 'yan kasuwa a Italiya su kafa garejinsa tare da samfuran motocin wasanni mafi tsada: Jaguar E-type, Maserati 3500GT, Mercedes-Benz 300SL. Amma abin da aka fi so daga tarin shine Ferrari 250 GT, wanda akwai kwafi da yawa a cikin gareji.

Tare da duk kaunarsa ga motocin wasanni masu tsada, Ferruccio ya ga gazawa a cikin kowane zane da yake son gyarawa. Sabili da haka, ra'ayin ya tashi don ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar mota ta musamman ta kayan aikinmu.

Shaidu da yawa suna da'awar cewa rikici ya sa maigidan yanke shawara mai mahimmanci ta hanyar rikici tare da sanannen mai kera motar kera motoci Enzo Ferrari, wanda aka riga aka sani a waɗannan shekarun. 

Duk da biyayyar sa da motar da ya fi so, Ferruccio dole ne ya koma ga gyarawa, ya gaya wa masana'antar kera motar game da wannan.

Kasancewarsa mutum mai zafin rai, Enzo ya ba da amsa da ƙarfi, a cikin ruhun "kula da taraktocinka idan ba ku san komai ba game da hanyoyin tsere motoci." Abun takaici (ga Ferrari), Lamborghini shima dan kasar Italia ne, kuma irin wannan bayanin ya shafeshi da Super-Ego, saboda shima yana da masaniyar motoci.

Cikin fusata sosai, shugaban, lokacin da ya dawo garejin, ya yanke shawarar da kansa ya tantance dalilin talaucin kamawa. Bayan ya rarraba na'urar gaba daya, Ferruccio ya gano babban kamanceceniya na watsawa ga injiniyoyi a cikin taraktocinsa, don haka ba shi da wahala a gare shi ya gyara matsalar.

Bayan haka, an yanke shawara nan da nan don cika tsohon burinsa - ƙirƙirar motarsa ​​mai sauri don ɓata Enzo Ferrari. Koyaya, ya yi wa kansa alkawari cewa motocinsa, ba kamar Ferrari ba, ba za su taɓa shiga cikin gasa ba. An dauki ra'ayinsa a matsayin mahaukaci, yana mai yanke shawarar cewa wanda zai kafa kamfanin Automobili Lamborghini SpA ya yanke shawara kawai ya karya.

Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, ga mamakin da yabawa da masu lura da ci gaban kamfanin, Lamborghini ya nuna wa duniya ƙwarewar ban mamaki na ƙwarewar sa. Gaba ɗaya mai kafa

Alamar

Kamfanin ƙirar Italiya ba ya neman sanya ƙirar motoci masu tsada a kan rafi, ƙaramin almara Lamborghini ya shugabanci lamura na kimanin shekaru 10, amma ya ci gaba da bin abubuwan da suka faru har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa (1993). Samfurin da ya samo shine Lamborghini Diablo (1990). Wannan ra'ayin, watakila, ya ta'allaka ne da tambarin kamfanin, wanda ke alamta ƙarfi, ƙarfi da yarda da kai. 

Alamar ta ɗan canza launi har sai da ta karɓi sigar ƙarshe - bijimin faɗa na zinare a kan baƙar fata. An yi imanin cewa marubucin ra'ayin shine Ferruccio Lamborghini da kansa. Wataƙila wani rawa ya taka ta alamar zodiac a ƙarƙashin abin da aka haifi maigidan (28.04.1916/XNUMX/XNUMX - alamar Taurus). Ari da, ya kasance babban fan na faɗa.

An kama matsayin bijimin a cikin fasaha tare da matador. Kuma ana ba da sunayen samfuran don girmama shahararrun toros, waɗanda suka bambanta kansu a cikin yaƙi. Babu alamar alama shine haɗin tsakanin babbar dabba mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin inji, wanda Lamborghini ya fara ƙirƙira shi - tarakta. 

An sanya sa a kan baƙar fata. Akwai sigar da Ferruccio ya "aro" daga Enzo Ferrari domin ya bata masa rai ko ta yaya. Launuka na tambarin Ferrari da Lamborghini suna da tsayayyar gaba ɗaya, dokin baƙin da aka haifa daga alamar motocin Enzo yana tsakiyar tsakiyar garkuwar rawaya. Amma abin da Lamborghini ya jagoranta a zahiri yayin ƙirƙirar alamarsa ta musamman - yanzu babu wanda zai ce tabbatacce, zai zama sirrinsa.

Tarihin kamfanin motoci a cikin samfuran 

Nau'in farko na farko, samfurin Lamborghini 350 GTV, an nuna shi a baje kolin Turin a tsakiyar kaka 1963. Motar ta kara sauri zuwa 280 km / h, tana da doki 347, injin V12 da kuma kujeru masu zama biyu. A zahiri bayan watanni shida, an riga an fara gabatar da sifa a Geneva.

Lamborghini 350 GTV (1964)

Misali na gaba Lamborghini 400 GT, wanda ba shi da babbar nasara, an baje shi a cikin 1966. Jikin ta ya kasance na aluminium, an ɗan canza jikinsa, ƙarfin injiniya (350 horsepower) da ƙarar (lita 3,9).

Lamborghini 400 GT (1966)

An yi nasarar sayar da motar cikin nasara, wanda ya ba da damar fara kirkirar ƙirar ƙirar Lamborghini Miura, wanda aka gabatar da shi ga "hukuncin mai kallo" a watan Maris na wannan shekarar ta 1966 a taron baje kolin na Geneva, wanda kuma ya zama wani nau'in alamar kasuwanci na alama. Samfurin ya fito ne daga Lamborghini da kansa a bikin baje kolin motoci na Turin na 65. Motar ta banbanta da na baya ta wurin wurin da fitilun motan gaba suke tafiya. Wannan alamar ta kawo daraja a duk duniya.

Lamborghini Miura (1966-1969)

Kuma bayan shekaru biyu (a shekarar 1968) an gyara samfurin a Lamborghini Miura P400S, wanda aka kera shi da injin da ya fi karfi. Ta sanya an sabunta dashboard din, an sanya Chrome a jikin tagogin, sannan an kunna tagogin masu amfani da lantarki.

Gyara Lamborghini Miura - P400S (1968)

Hakanan a cikin 1968, Lamborghini Islero 400 GT ya fito. Sunan alamar yana da alaƙa da bijimin da ya kayar da sanannen matador Manuel Rodriguez a cikin 1947.

Lamborghini Islero 400 GT (1968 ).)

A wannan shekarar ne aka sake fitar da Lamborghini Espada, wanda aka fassara shi da "ruwan matador", shi ne samfurin kujeru huɗu na farko da aka tsara don iyali.

Lamborghini Espada (1968 ).)

Ofarfin motocin yana ci gaba da girma, kuma a cikin shekara ta 70, tare da shawarar mai zane Marcello Gandini, ƙaramin motar Urraco P250 (lita 2,5) ya bayyana, sai Lamborghini Jarama 400 GT tare da injin V12 na lita 4.

Lamborghini Urraco P250 (1970)

Haƙƙin gaske ya faru a cikin 1971, lokacin da aka kirkiro Lamborghini Countach mai neman sauyi, wanda daga baya ya zama "guntu" na alama, ƙirar ƙofar wanda yawancin masana'antun supercar suka aro. An sanye shi da mafi ƙarfi a lokacin V12 Bizzarrini engine tare da 365 horsepower, wanda ya ba motar damar samun sauri har zuwa 300 km / h.

An ƙaddamar da motar a cikin jerin shekaru uku bayan haka, bayan da aka karɓi gyaran gyare-gyare na tsarin samun iska daidai da buƙatun aerodynamics, kuma a cikin ingantaccen tsari ya zama babban mai gasa ga Ferrari. Sunan alamar yana da alaƙa da mamaki (wannan shine yadda rawar murya ke ɗayan ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci a gaban wani abu mai kyau). A cewar wani fasalin, "Countach" na nufin furcin farin ciki na "tsarkakakkiyar saniya!"

Samfurin Lamborghini Countach

Arshen kwangila tare da Amurkawa ya ba da damar haɓakawa da gabatarwa a cikin 1977 a Geneva Motor Show wani sabon sabon ra'ayi - motar Lamborghini Cheetah mai wucewa ("cheetah") tare da injin daga Chrysler. Misalin ya ba da mamaki har ma da sanannun masu shakka, waɗanda ba sa tsammanin wani sabon abu daga kamfanin.

Lamborghini Cheetah (1977)

Canjin ikon mallakar a 1980 - Kungiyar Mimran tare da Shugaba Patrick Mimran - ya haifar da wasu samfura biyu: mai bin Cheetah da ake kira LM001 da hanyar Jalpa. Dangane da iko, LM001 ya zarce wanda ya gabace shi: Karfa 455 tare da injin lita 12 V5,2.

Lamborghini Jalpa tare da jikin targa (farkon 80s) Lamborghini LM001 SUV

A cikin 1987 kamfanin ya karbe ta Chrysler ("Chrysler"). Kuma ba da daɗewa ba, a farkon lokacin hunturu na 1990, alama a baje kolin a Monte Carlo ta nuna magajin Countach - Diablo tare da injin da ya fi ƙarfi ma fiye da LM001 - 492 mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarar lita 5,7. A cikin sakan 4, motar ta ɗauki saurin kusan 100 km / h daga tsayawar kuma ta kara sauri zuwa 325 km / h.

Mabiyan Countach - Lamborghini Diablo (1990)

Kuma kusan shekaru shida daga baya (Disamba 1995) fasalin Diablo mai ban sha'awa tare da manyan fitowar farko a cikin Bologna Auto Show.

Lamborghini Diablo tare da saman mai cirewa (1995)

Wanda ya mallaki wannan alama tun daga 1998 shine Audi, wanda ya karɓi Lamborghini daga hannun wani mai saka jari na Indonesiya. Kuma tuni a cikin 2001, bayan Diablo, ingantaccen tsari ya bayyana - Murcielago supercar. Ita ce mafi girman samar da mota wacce aka kera ta da injin silinda 12.

Lamborghini Murcielago (2001 ).)

Bugu da ari, a cikin 2003, jerin Gallardo suka biyo baya, ana rarrabe su ta hanyar ma'anarsa. Babban buƙatar wannan ƙirar ta ba da damar samar da ɗan ƙasa da kofi 11 a cikin shekaru 3000.

Lamborghini Gallardo (2003)

Sabon mai shi ya inganta Murcielago, ya ba shi ƙarin ƙarfi (700 horsepower) kuma ya samar da shi da injin inci 12 na lantarki. Kuma a cikin 6,5, babbar motar Aventador ta tashi daga layin taron.

Shekaru uku bayan haka (2014) an inganta Lamborghini Gallardo. Magajin ta, Huracan, ya karɓi ƙarfin dawakai 610, silinda 10 (V10) da ƙarfin injina na lita 5,2. Motar tana da saurin gudu zuwa 325 km / h.

Lamborghini Aventador (2011 ).) Lamborghini Huracan

Linearshe: Kamfanin bai daina mamakin mabiyan wannan alama ba har zuwa yau. Labarin Lamborghini yana da ban mamaki idan kayi la'akari da cewa wanda ya kirkiro wannan alama ya fara kirkirar motoci masu saurin gaske bayan taraktocin. Ba wanda zai iya tunanin cewa saurayi kuma babban mashahuri yana da ikon yin gasa tare da sanannen Enzo Ferrari.

An yaba wa Supercars da Lamborghini ya ƙera tun farkon ƙirar farko, wanda aka sake dawowa a shekarar 1963. Espada da Diablo sune mafi fifiko daga tarin a ƙarshen 90s. Tare da sabon Murcielago, har yanzu suna jin daɗin nasara a yau. Yanzu kamfanin, wanda wani ɓangare ne na babbar damuwa ta Volkswagen AG, yana da ƙarfin gaske kuma yana samar da aƙalla motoci 2000 a shekara.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene nau'ikan Lamborghini? Baya ga supercars (Miura ko Countach), kamfanin yana samar da crossovers (Urus) da tarakta (wanda ya kafa alamar kuma yana da babban kamfanin kera tarakta).