Tarihin masana'antar kera motoci a Poland: samfuran FSO's da 's.

Motocin da aka samar da Fabryka Samochodow Osobowych ba su taɓa sha'awar yanayin zamani da masana'anta ba, duk da haka, a gefen sashin ƙirar, an ƙirƙira samfuran kawai, waɗanda ba su taɓa shiga samarwa ba, amma idan suna da irin wannan damar, masana'antar kera motoci ta Poland za ta duba. daban.

Samfurin farko da aka gina a FSO sigar zamani ce ta Warsaw na 1956. Sigar M20-U tana da injin 60 hp da aka gyara. da 3900 rpm. Godiya ga injin da ya fi ƙarfi, samfurin Warsaw ya haɓaka zuwa 132 km / h tare da amfani da mai a matakin ƙirar samarwa. An kuma inganta birki - ta hanyar amfani da tsarin duplex (tsarin birki tare da pads guda biyu masu kama da juna). Motar ta sami canje-canje a cikin salon salo - sashin gaba na jiki an sake fasalin sosai, an canza fuka-fuki.

A 1957, aikin ya fara a kan mafi kyau Yaren mutanen Poland mota a tarihi. Muna magana ne game da almara Syrena Sport - zane na wasanni mota 2 + 2, jikin wanda Cesar Navrot ya shirya. Siren, da alama an ƙirƙira shi bayan Mercedes 190SL, yayi kama da mahaukaci. Gaskiya ne, yana da injin da ba ya ƙyale tuƙi na wasanni (35 hp, matsakaicin gudun - 110 km / h), amma ya yi ban mamaki. An gabatar da samfurin a cikin 1960, amma hukumomi ba su so su sanya shi a cikin samarwa - bai dace da akidar gurguzu ba. Hukumomi sun gwammace su kera motocin iyali masu rahusa maimakon motocin motsa jiki na robobi. An canza samfurin zuwa Cibiyar Bincike da Ci gaba a Falenica kuma ya kasance a can har zuwa XNUMXs. Daga baya aka lalata ta.

Yin amfani da abubuwan Syrena, masu zanen Poland suma sun shirya samfurin ƙaramin bas bisa tsarin LT 600 daga Lloyd Motoren Werke GmbH. Samfurin ya yi amfani da injin Syrena chassis da injin da aka gyara. Yana auna iri ɗaya da daidaitaccen sigar amma yana ba da ƙarin wurin zama kuma ana iya haɗa shi azaman motar asibiti.

A farkon 1959, an gabatar da tsare-tsare don canza dukan Warsaw Corps. An yanke shawarar yin odar sabon aikin jiki gaba ɗaya daga Ghia. Italiyawa sun karɓi chassis na motar FSO kuma suka kera jiki na zamani da kyan gani bisa ga ta. Abin takaici, farashin farawa na samarwa ya yi yawa kuma an yanke shawarar tsayawa tare da tsohuwar sigar.

Irin wannan kaddara ta sami Warsaw 210, wanda injiniyoyin FSO suka tsara a shekarar 1964 da suka hada da Miroslav Gursky, Kaisar Navrot, Zdzislaw Glinka, Stanislav Lukashevich da Jan Politovsky. An shirya sabon jikin sedan gaba ɗaya, wanda ya fi na zamani fiye da na samfurin samarwa. Motar ta fi fili, ta fi aminci kuma tana iya ɗaukar mutane har 6.

Naúrar wutar lantarki bisa injin Ford Falcon tana da silinda shida da girman aiki na kusan 2500 cm³, wanda ya samar da kusan 82 hp. Hakanan akwai nau'in silinda guda huɗu tare da ƙaura kusan 1700 cc da 57 hp. Dole ne a watsa wutar lantarki ta akwatin gear mai sauri guda huɗu. Siffar silinda shida na iya kaiwa gudun har zuwa 160 km / h, da naúrar silinda huɗu - 135 km / h. Mafi mahimmanci, an yi samfura biyu na Warsaw 210. Ɗayan har yanzu yana kan nuni a gidan kayan gargajiya na masana'antu a Warsaw, ɗayan kuma, bisa ga wasu rahotanni, an aika zuwa Tarayyar Soviet kuma ya zama abin koyi don gina GAZ M24. . mota. Duk da haka, babu wata shaida da ta tabbatar da hakan ta faru.

Ba a sanya Warsaw 210 a cikin samarwa ba azaman lasisi don siyan Fiat 125p, wanda shine mafita mai rahusa fiye da shirya sabuwar mota daga karce. Irin wannan kaddara ta sami “jarumi” na gaba - Sirena 110, wanda FSO ta haɓaka tun 1964.

Wani sabon abu a ma'aunin duniya shine jikin hatchback mai goyan bayan kansa wanda Zbigniew Rzepetsky ya tsara. Samfuran an sanye su da injunan Syrena 31 C-104 da aka gyara, kodayake masu zanen suna da tsare-tsare a nan gaba don amfani da injin dambe na zamani mai bugun bugun jini tare da ƙaura kusan 1000 cm3. Saboda maye gurbin jiki, da taro na mota dangane da Syrena 104 rage 200 kg.

Duk da kyakkyawan ƙira, Syrena 110 ba a sanya shi cikin samarwa ba. Masu yada farfagandar gurguzu sun bayyana hakan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ba za a iya sanya 110 a cikin jerin ba, saboda motsin motarmu ya bi sabuwar hanya mai fa'ida, kawai mai hankali, bisa sabbin fasahohin da aka gwada a duniya. Duk da haka, ba za a iya musun cewa hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan samfurin sun kasance na fasaha. Dalilin ya fi prosaic - yana da alaƙa da farashin fara samarwa, wanda ya fi siyan lasisi. Ya kamata a tuna cewa Fiat 126p ya kasance ƙasa da ɗaki da kwanciyar hankali fiye da samfurin Sirenka da aka watsar.

Gabatarwar Fiat 125p a cikin 1967 ya kawo sauyi ga ƙungiyar masana'antar kera motoci. Babu wani wuri da ya rage don Sirena, wanda aka shirya don dakatar da samar da shi gaba daya. Abin farin ciki, ya sami wurinsa a Bielsko-Biala, amma lokacin da aka gina Syrena laminate, wannan shawarar ba ta da tabbas. Masu zanen Poland sun yanke shawarar haɓaka sabon jiki wanda ya dace da duk Sirens, don kada shukar ta kula da duk kayan aikin samar da sassan jiki. An yi gawarwaki da yawa daga gilashin da aka rufe, amma ra'ayin ya fadi lokacin da Sirena ta koma Bielsko-Biala.

A cikin shekaru ashirin na farko na FSO, akwai ayyuka da yawa na masu zanen kaya waɗanda ba su yarda da gaskiyar launin toka ba kuma suna so su haifar da sababbin motoci masu tasowa. Abin takaici, matsalolin tattalin arziki da siyasa sun ƙetare ƙaƙƙarfan shirinsu na sabunta masana'antar kera motoci. Yaya titi a Poland ɗin mutane zai yi kama idan aƙalla rabin waɗannan ayyukan sun shiga cikin jerin abubuwan samarwa?