Irkut yana ƙalubalantar ƙattai. MS-21 da aka nuna a Irkutsk
Firayim Ministan Rasha Dmitry Medvedev ya kaddamar da jirgin saman fasinja samfurin MC-21-300, babban jirgin saman fasinja na farko a kasar Rasha cikin kwata karni, wanda Rashan ke son yin gogayya da manyan jiragen sama na Airbus A320 da Boeing 737. Pyotr Butovsky.
Ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2016, a cikin Irkutsk mai nisa a kan Lake Baikal, a cikin rataye na IAZ shuka (Irkutsk Aviation Plant), an fara gabatar da wani sabon jirgin sama na sadarwa MS-21-300, wanda Irkut Corporation ya kalubalanci Airbus A320 da Boeing 737. MS-21-300 - asali, 163-kujera version na nan gaba jirgin sama na MS-21 iyali. Jirgin dai zai fara tashi ne a farkon shekara mai zuwa.
Bikin ya samu halartar firaministan gwamnatin Rasha Dmitry Medvedev, yana mai jaddada fatan gwamnatin Rashan ta sanya a cikin wannan jirgin. MS-21 yana daya daga cikin jiragen sama na zamani a duniya, jirgin fasinja na karni na 21. Muna alfahari da cewa an samar da ita a kasarmu. Medvedev ya bambanta da masu ba da kayayyaki na kasashen waje da ke cikin aikin MS-XNUMX. Yana da mahimmanci a gare mu cewa, baya ga ƙwararrun masana'antun jiragen sama, kamfanoni da yawa na ƙasashen waje sun shiga cikin aikin. Muna jinjina wa ’yan kasuwar da ke aiki a kasar Rasha, wadanda su ma suke wannan zauren a yau kuma suke samun ci gaba tare da kasarmu.
MS-21 ya kamata ya zama samfurin ci gaba. Rashawa sun fahimci cewa ƙara wani aikin makamancin haka kusa da Airbus 320 da Boeing 737 (da kuma sabon C919 na China) ba zai sami damar yin nasara ba. Don MC-21 ya yi nasara, dole ne ya zama sananne fiye da gasar. An riga an bayyana manyan buri a cikin sunan jirgin: MS-21 shine babban jirgin saman Rasha na karni na 21. A haƙiƙa, kalmar Cyrillic MS yakamata a fassara ta da MS, kuma haka ake kiranta a cikin wallafe-wallafen farko na ƙasashen waje, amma Irkut cikin sauri ya tsara abubuwa kuma ya ƙayyade aikin na duniya MS-21.
An tsara manufar a fili: farashin aiki kai tsaye na jirgin MC-21 ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 12-15% fiye da na mafi kyawun jirgin sama na wannan aji (Airbus A320 an ɗauke shi a matsayin misali), yayin da amfani da mai shine 24%. kasa. Idan aka kwatanta da haɓakar A320neo, ana sa ran MC-1000 zai cinye 1852% ƙasa da man fetur akan hanya mai nisan mil 21 na nautical (kilomita 8), tare da 5% ƙananan farashin aiki kai tsaye. Gaskiya ne, a cikin sanarwar Irkut, farashin aiki ya ragu da kashi 12-15%, saboda mai ya ninka sau biyu kamar yadda yake a yanzu, wanda ke haifar da shakku. Tare da ƙananan farashin man fetur na yanzu, bambancin farashin aiki tsakanin jiragen sama na yanzu da na gaba ya kamata ya ragu.
Yayin gabatar da MS-21, Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta United (UAC), Yuri Slyusar, ya bayyana a wani taron manema labarai cewa gasar da Airbus da Boeing ba za su yi sauki ba, amma mun yi imanin cewa jirgin namu ya fi a fasaha. m a ajinsa. aji. Nan da nan bayan kammala bikin, kamfanin jirgin saman Azarbaijan na AZAL ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da kamfanin da ke ba da hayar IFC kan yiwuwar hayar jirgin MS-10 guda 21 daga cikin 50 da IFC ta yi odar a baya daga Irkut.
Dogon hadaddiyar reshe
Mafi mahimmancin bayani don rage yawan amfani da man fetur shine hadaddun aerodynamics na sabon reshe na babban al'amari mai girman 11,5 don haka babban ingancin iska. A gudun Ma = 0,78, ingancinsa aerodynamic shine 5,1% mafi kyau fiye da na A320, kuma 6,0% ya fi na 737NG; a gudun Ma = 0,8, bambanci ya fi girma, 6% da 7%, bi da bi. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi irin wannan reshe ta amfani da fasahar ƙarfe na gargajiya (mafi daidai, zai yi nauyi sosai), don haka dole ne ya kasance mai haɗaka. Abubuwan da aka haɗa, waɗanda ke yin sama da 35-37% na yawan adadin jirgin sama na MS-21, sun fi sauƙi, kuma Irkut ya yi iƙirarin cewa godiya gare su, nauyin komai na jirgin da fasinja kusan 5% ƙasa da na A320. kuma fiye da 8% ƙananan. fiye da A320neo (amma kuma game da 2% fiye da 737).
A 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, lokacin da shirin MS-21 ya fara farawa, Oleg Demchenko, shugaban kamfanin Irkut, ya ce MS-21 ya fuskanci kalubalen fasaha guda biyu: kayan da aka haɗa da injin. Za mu koma kan injin daga baya; kuma yanzu game da composites. Kayayyakin da aka haɗa a cikin ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin jiragen sama - fairings, covers, rudders - ba sabon abu bane shekaru da yawa. Koyaya, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki wani sabon abu ne na 'yan shekarun nan. Nasarar ta zo ne da Boeing 787 Dreamliner, wanda kusan an yi shi da kayan haɗin gwiwa, sai kuma Airbus 350. Karamin Bombardier CSeries kawai yana da reshe mai haɗaka, kamar MC-21.
