Farashin RR-07

Mun dawo samfuran regatta na cikin gida. Bayan da aka gina jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu na bakwai a cikin "A cikin Bita", a wannan karon za mu yi balaguro na kama-da-wane zuwa Masarautar Sama don koyo game da nasarori masu ban sha'awa na tsoffin masu fasaha na Mai Martaba!

1. Zheng He (karanta: Cheng He), ko Admiral na Tekun Yamma (1377-1433) - kwamandan manyan balaguro bakwai na manyan jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin.

A yau, 'yan ƙasa da yawa, suna son nuna raini ga wasu kayan aiki na matsakaici ko na'ura, suna cewa "Sinanci" ...

Da fari dai: bai cancanci yin hukunci a chambula ba.

Abu na biyu: Masu saye na yamma yawanci suna tilasta matsananciyar tanadi.

Na uku: A yau, kasar Sin tana samar da kayayyaki masu dimbin yawa ga manyan kamfanoni na duniya (ciki har da wadanda suka shahara da sabbin fasahohi).

Na hudu: Hakazalika, Amurkawa sun yi magana shekaru da yawa da suka gabata game da kayayyakin Japan, amma hakan ya canza tun da daɗewa. Kuma kasar Sin ma tana canzawa.

Na biyar: Tsoffin masu ƙirƙira na kasar Sin sau da yawa fiye da yadda muke tsammani sun riga kakanninmu gaba a fannin fasaha ta ƙarni, har ma da ƙari!

Ƙirƙirar Prachin

Gaskiyar cewa abubuwan da aka yi na masu kirkirar daular su ne toka, siliki, farantin karfe ko, tabbas, yawancin mu sun riga sun taɓa kunnuwanmu a wani wuri, amma wannan shine kawai tip na kankara na bincike da ƙirƙira wanda muke binta ga tsoffin masu ƙirƙira. Masarautar Tsakiya. Bari mu ɗauki kaɗan daga bakin teku:

3000 BC - laima,

2737 - shayi

2500 - rana,

2200 - kayan lambu,

2200 - samfurin parachute,

2000 - cokali mai yatsa,

2000 - ice cream,

2000 - macaroni,

1600 - fan,

1000 - danyen mai, tushen haske a cikin fitilu,

200 - wheelbarrow (a nan bayan shekaru ɗari bakwai),

karni na XNUMX BC - Multi-jere seeder,

300 AD - katunan kasuwanci

600 - kudin takarda,

724 - agogon inji,

868 - littattafan bugu (yanke itace),

940 - ruwan tabarau,

1041 - fonts masu motsi,

1240 - maki,

Karni na XNUMX - takarda bayan gida,

karni na XV - goge goge.

2. Tsarin baochuan (babban dukiyar ruwa) yana ba da ra'ayi game da girman su kamar haka (lura da lambunan bene).

Navy na Imperial na Admiral Zheng He

Har ila yau, a fannin kera jiragen ruwa da tafiye-tafiye, Sinawa sun yi nisa a gaban tsohuwar Nahiyar. Tuni a cikin 486 BC. sun yi amfani da tashoshi na jigilar kaya. A karni na 100 AD, sun ƙware wajen yin iyo da iska. A cikin 750 sun yi amfani da kamfas na farko. A cikin 984, an yi amfani da rudders masu mahimmanci a kan jiragen ruwa. A cikin XNUMX, sun shawo kan sauye-sauyen haɓaka godiya ga maƙallan canals-chamber.

3. Idan aka sanya Columbus a gaba maimakon jirgin ruwan kasar Sin, adadin zai kasance iri daya - zai kasance kusan sau biyar ya fi guntu na Admiral Zheng.

Duk da haka, wannan ba komai ba ne idan aka kwatanta da balaguron balaguron jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1405, wanda ya kunshi jiragen ruwa sama da 250 da jiragen ruwa kusan dubu 28. mutane (wanda 1 dubu a kan mafi girma a cikin jirgin ruwa).

4. A wannan yanki na duniya, an rubuta balaguron balaguro guda bakwai na manyan jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin, ko da yake akwai yuwuwar da zato da ba a tabbatar ba har ma suna magana kan tafiyarsa zuwa Amurka - kafin Columbus ...

Sarki ya aike ta zuwa ruwan Tekun Indiya, zuwa Tekun Larabawa da Gabashin Afirka. Yunle (mai mulki na uku na daular Ming) - don nuna iko da daukakar daular sama (4).

5. Shekaru dari shida bayan balaguron farko na farko, Sinawa sun karrama jarumin nasu (ko da yake Mongol ta asali) da wani jirgin ruwan kwantena mai sunansa - watakila ya kai kayan Kirsimeti ne da aka umarce shi a wani gefen duniya ...?

Mafi girma daga cikin jiragen ruwa na sarki (2) - masts tara baochuan (Jirgin ruwa na baitulmali) - sun kasance sau ashirin girma fiye da na farko caravels na teku gina a wancan lokacin a Turai, tare da gudun hijira na 100 ton da kuma sau biyar fiye da flagship na Christopher Columbus "Santa Maria" (3). Mafi girma daga cikinsu ya kai fiye da mutane dubu uku. ton na ƙaura (wanda ya dace da jirgin ruwan yaƙi na zamani) da manyan kantuna / ɗakunan ruwa waɗanda suka bayyana a Turai kawai a cikin ƙarni na 3.

6. Duk da cewa an binne babban jirgin ruwa, mafita na asali na asali sun tsira har yau. A cikin wannan hoton, sassan jiragen ruwa suna bayyane a fili - an yi su da kayan bamboo da aka saƙa!

Sarki ya damka wa babban bawansa amanar babbar runduna (1) - mai hankali, mai girma (fiye da mita biyu) kuma mai kwarjini. Zheng He (karanta: Cheng He). Babban aikin wannan armada, duk da haka, ba yaki ba ne (ko da yake an shirya shi da kyau), amma a bayyane yake tabbatar da masu mulkin wasu ƙasashe cewa ba shi da ma'ana don shiga rikici da kasar Sin kuma ya kamata a yi musu biyayya. misali don bunkasa kasuwanci.

7. Sauƙin amfani da kaddarorin na musamman suna yin 2 dubu. Shekaru bayan da aka kirkiro jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin, ana amfani da su a kan jiragen ruwa na zamani.

Abin takaici, manyan balaguro bakwai na Admiral ba su tabbatar da ikon kasar Sin a cikin tekun gabas ba. Rikice-rikice da Mongols a kan iyakar arewa da kuma karkatar da duk wani kudade don gina babbar ganuwa ya kai ga cewa bayan mutuwar Zheng He a shekara ta 1433, babban jirgin ruwa ya fadi cikin lalacewa. Hasali ma, mahukuntan da suka biyo baya sun hana kera jiragen ruwa da tudu sama da daya, kuma kasar Sin ta ware kanta daga sauran kasashen duniya tsawon shekaru aru-aru.

8. Har ila yau, hanyoyin samar da jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin suna karfafa masu zanen jiragen ruwa na zamani (Hoton Malta Falcon).

Junks - jiragen ruwa masu fuka-fuki

Abin farin ciki, yawancin ilimin teku, wanda aka yi watsi da shi a bakin kogin Yellow, ba a rasa gaba daya ba. Hakan ya faru ne saboda godiya ga masu kera jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin, wadanda bayan rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwansu na asali, suka yi hijira zuwa kasashe makwabta don ci gaba da sana'arsu a can. Har wala yau, jiragen ruwa da ke da halaye na tafiya a cikin Gabas Mai Nisa (6, 7). Junks na gargajiya - saboda muna magana game da su yanzu - suna da fasali na musamman waɗanda ke bambanta su da sauran kwale-kwale na duniya:

• baƙar fata, yawanci lanƙwasa ba tare da keel (keel) ba, amma tare da ruɗar ruɗar da ba ta da tushe (10) da “idanu” a ƙarshen tarnaƙi na gaba;
• swivel matt bamboo sails (purple a cikin babban jirgin ruwa), shimfiɗa a tsakanin haƙarƙari na bamboo (haƙarƙari), wanda aka tashi daga ƙasa (daga firam ɗin "pi" na musamman akan bene) don canji mai dacewa a saman su (tsagi).

9. Ga waɗanda suke so su ba da samfurin RR-07 tare da na'urorin izgili, muna ba da shawarar wannan kwatancin - yana nuna a fili winches suna jan sails da firam ɗin da aka sanya sails ɗin da aka nade.

10. Masu zanen kasar Sin sun yi amfani da su

perforated ciyar rudders. Za ka iya

Ina tsammanin saboda axis

juyowa yayi a gaba,

ramuka sun rage karfin da ake bukata

ci gaba da juya sitiyarin

kuma za su iya karya magudanar ruwa

laminar, ingantaccen inganci

fins tare da karami

gudun (kamar haka

turbulators a kan model fuka-fuki

gliders).

Ana amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan mafita ba kawai a Gabas mai Nisa ba (ko da yake sun yi nasara a can). Har ila yau, tushen wahayi ne ga sabbin ƙira irin su Maltese Falkon (8). 

Samfurin RR-07: Junk

Kamar yadda kuke gani daga batun da kansa, tsarin da za mu yi shi ne na bakwai a cikin wannan ajin daukaka na samarin teku. A halin yanzu, ana buga samfuran wannan ajin a cikin sashinmu:

• jirgin ruwa na gargajiya ("MT" 5/2011);
• galleon (MT 6/2012);
• (MT 5/2013);
• tratwę (Kon-Tiki-“MT” 8/2008);
• (MT 5/2014);
• Polynesian proa ("MT" 4/2019).

Za a iya samun tsarin tsarin waɗannan samfuran a cikin al'amuran da aka adana na mujallu na wata-wata (ɓangarensa yana kan gidan yanar gizon ƙwararrun matasa) da kuma akan MODELmaniak. PL da Facebook profile "Regaty Rynnowe".

PP-07 don manufar da aka yi niyya shine sigar sauƙi mai sauƙi na asali - kuma yana da ƙarin stabilizer ballast, wanda ba za ku samu a cikin takarce na gaske ba.

Babban kayan aikin gina karamin jirgin ruwa zai kasance (12):

• XPS kumfa ko makamancin haka (wannan samfurin kuma ana iya yin shi daga haushi ko balsa);
• sandunan bamboo tare da diamita na 3 mm;
• fim ɗin filastik don jiragen ruwa (misali, daga murfin babban fayil);
• karfe takardar 1,5-2 mm ga ballast keel;
• Farantin 0,3mm (kamar daga soda gwangwani) ko filastik 0,5mm (kamar daga tsohon katin kiredit) don tuƙi. Muna kuma buƙatar:
• manne polymer (don kumfa);
• Paint acrylic mai hana ruwa;
• na zaɓi wasu na'urorin haɗi don shimfidu (misali, tsayawa);
• wuka fuskar bangon waya, toshe sandar takarda, fensir, mai mulki, da sauransu.

11. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa kuma sau da yawa ba daidai ba ne, gatura daban-daban na matsi a kan tagulla.

Hakanan ya cancanci karantawa:

http://bit.ly/34BTvcJ — wynalazki z Chin

http://bit.ly/2OZ1om0 — statki chińskie (4 strony)

http://bit.ly/2sAMZoH — Zheng He

Tsarin tsari

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don buga (kwafi) zane-zane na abubuwan ƙirar a ma'aunin manufa - da aka ba a nan zai zama da amfani tsari ko buga fayil ɗin PDF. A kan tushensa, an yanke babban ɓangaren ƙwanƙwasa (2) daga farantin styrodur 13 cm lokacin farin ciki, sa'an nan kuma an yanke baka da makullin ƙwanƙwasa daga cikin farantin 1 cm.

12. Kayan aiki na asali da kayan aiki don yin samfurin mu.

13. Duk abin da kuke buƙatar yanke sassan jiki shine wuka fuskar bangon waya da wasu matsakaitan grit abrasive. Hankali! Kumfa yana da saurin kamuwa da hakora - har ma da yatsanka!

Wasu abubuwa dole ne a yashi - mashaya abrasive (ko soso) tare da gradation na kusan 200 ya fi dacewa da wannan. Bayan gluing abubuwan kumfa (14), yanke rudder da ballast plumage daga takardar. Domin sanya su a cikin fuselage, yanke madaidaicin tsagi a cikin kasa (tare da axis a tsaye) da wuka.

14. Jikin da aka ɗora da yashi yana kusan shirye don zanen - a gaskiya, yanzu zai zama mafi dacewa don manne fins.

15. Don zane-zane, yana da kyau a yi amfani da soso na soso (goga kawai a cikin sasanninta) da ruwa mai hana ruwa (albeit na tushen ruwa) acrylic fenti.

Bayan an haɗa waɗannan sassan tare, ana iya fentin jiki (15). Zane na sikelin 1:1 kuma zai taimaka yanke tsaunuka. Kuna iya yanke su da wuka ko almakashi - yana da mahimmanci kada a motsa samfurin (16). Bayan yanke a kan tsare, ya kamata ku lanƙwasa layin da ke nuna alamar bamboo (17). Godiya a gare su, jiragen ruwa kuma suna tsayawa - kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa sun tsaya a hanya mai kyau.

16. Yanke jiragen ruwa cikin sauƙi tare da samfuri.

17. Wrinkling da tsare (inda na asali sandunan bamboo kasance) zai kawo jiragen ruwa kusa da shimfidawa.

Ana iya yanke ramukan mats tare da naushin rami na 3 mm ko tare da tambarin "x" wuka (an yi wannan kwanan nan a cikin kwale-kwale irin wannan a Amurka).

Bamboo skewers suna buƙatar yanke zuwa tsayin da ake so, manne a kan sails (ba za su iya juyawa ba - za su tsoma baki tare da tseren) kuma a manne su a wurare masu dacewa a kan benaye (18).

18. Ya kamata a yanke mashin bamboo na kasar Sin da kyau a kewaye da kewaye kuma a karye. Bayan goge-goge, an manne su a kan bene tare da sails ɗin da ke manne da su.

19. Gama samfurin. An saita sails a cikin abin da ake kira malam buɗe ido - ana amfani da wannan tsari sau da yawa (ciki har da junks) a kan cikakkiyar hanya (guguwar iska).

A halin yanzu, samfurin ya kusan shirye (19). Don haka za ku iya tunanin kayan haɗi masu amfani (9): tsayawa, ɗan ƙaramin abu a kan babban mashigin (wanda shine ƙari mai kariya tsakanin ido da saman mast ɗin), da kayan ado (misali, "ido" a gaban gaban. matsi). hull, “pi” Frames, capstans, anchors, da dai sauransu).

20. Mai zuwa wasan karshe na GOCC mai yiwuwa an yi wahayi zuwa ga jigon ƙananan jiragen ruwa na mu - watakila ya kamata mu yi amfani da shi don amfanin kowa da kowa ...?

Inci biyu na ruwa (kimanin 5 cm) a cikin nau'i-nau'i guda biyu masu kama da juna (wanda aka kwatanta a "MT" 6/2011) ya wadatar don tsere, kodayake irin wannan samfurin ya fi na wasan ninkaya kuma ya fada cikin rukunin rigunan riguna.