Frida Kahlo yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta juya alamar al'adun gargajiya.

Matar fuska mai cike da zafi, gashi baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi wanda aka yi masa lanƙwasa a cikin lanƙwan gwangwani, siffa mai haɗakar gira. Bugu da ƙari, layi mai ƙarfi, launuka masu bayyanawa, kyawawan kayayyaki da ciyayi, dabbobi a bango. Wataƙila kun san hotunan Frida da zane-zanenta. Bugu da ƙari, galleries da nune-nunen, za a iya samun hoton fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Mexican a duniya a kan fosta, t-shirts da jaka. Wasu masu fasaha suna magana game da Kahlo, suna raira waƙa kuma suna rubuta game da ita. Menene lamarinsa? Don fahimtar wannan, yana da daraja sanin ban mamaki labarin da rayuwarta da kanta ta zana.

Mexico tana da kyau tare da ita

An haife ta a shekara ta 1907. Duk da haka, lokacin da ta yi magana game da kanta, ta kira 1910 ranar haihuwarta. Ba game da sabuntawa ba, amma game da ranar tunawa. Anniversary na juyin juya halin Mexico, wanda Frida ta gano kanta. Ta kuma so ta jaddada cewa ita 'yar asalin kasar Mexico ce kuma wannan kasar tana kusa da ita. Ta sa kayan gargajiya kuma kayanta ne na yau da kullun - kala-kala, na gargajiya, da riguna masu tsari da siket. Ta fice daga cikin taron. Ta kasance tsuntsu mai haske, kamar aku masoyinta. Kullum tana kewaye kanta da dabbobi kuma su, kamar tsire-tsire, sukan bayyana a cikin zane-zanenta. To ta yaya ta fara zane?

Rayuwa mai alamar zafi

Tana da matsalar lafiya tun tana karama. Tana da shekaru 6, an gano ta tana da nau'in cutar shan inna. Tana fama da radadi a kafafunta, ta rame, amma kullum tana da karfi. Ta buga kwallon kafa, dambe da kuma buga wasanni da yawa da aka dauka na maza. Ita kuwa babu irin wannan rabuwar. An dauke ta a matsayin mai zane-zane na mata wanda ya nuna a kowane mataki cewa babu abin da ba zai yiwu ba a matsayin mace.

Ba ta ƙare da ƙarfin fada ba bayan hatsarin da ta fuskanta a lokacin da take matashi. Sa'an nan, sabon abu don waɗannan lokutan, motocin bas na katako sun bayyana a cikin ƙasarta. Mai zanen mu na gaba yana tuƙi ɗaya daga cikinsu lokacin da hatsarin ya faru. Motar ta yi karo da tram. Frida ta samu munanan raunuka, sandar karfe ya soke jikinta. Ba a ba ta damar tsira ba. An karye kashin baya a wurare da dama, an karye kashin kwala da hakarkarinsa, an murkushe kafar ... An yi mata tiyata har sau 35, ta dade ba ta iya motsi - duk a cikin simintin gyaran kafa - a asibiti. Iyayenta sun yanke shawarar taimaka mata - don kashe gajiya da shagala daga wahala. Tana da kayan zane. Komai ya daidaita da matsayinta na kwance. Bisa bukatar mahaifiyarta, an kuma sanya madubai a saman rufin don Frida ta lura kuma ta zana kanta a kwance (ta kuma zana plaster). Don haka daga baya sha'awar ta ga hotunan kai, wanda ta kware har zuwa kamala. A lokacin ne ta gano sha'awarta na yin zane. Ta dandana soyayyarta ga fasaha tun tana ƙarama, lokacin da ta tafi tare da mahaifinta, Count, zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na hoto, tana taimaka masa haɓaka hotuna da ta gani da jin daɗi. Duk da haka, ƙirƙirar hotuna ya zama wani abu mafi mahimmanci.

Giwa da kurciya

Bayan tsawon watanni a asibiti, kuma bayan an sake gyarawa, Frida ta dawo kan ƙafafunta. Gogayen sun zama abu na dindindin a hannunta. Yin zanen shine sabuwar sana'arta. Ta bar karatun likitanci, wanda a baya ta dauka, wanda ya kasance abin alfahari ga mace, domin galibi maza sun yi karatu da aiki a wannan masana'antar. Duk da haka, ruhun fasaha ya sa kansa ya ji kuma babu wani juyawa. Bayan lokaci, Kahlo ta yanke shawarar bincika ko zane-zanenta suna da kyau sosai. Ta juya ga mai zane na gida Diego Riviera, wanda ta nuna aikinta. Dattijon da ya fi girma, gwanin fasaha, ya yi farin ciki da duka zane-zane da matasan su, marubucin jaruntaka. Sun kuma kasance tare da ra'ayi na siyasa, soyayyar zamantakewa da bude ido. Na karshen yana nufin cewa masoya sun yi rayuwa mai tsanani, mai sha'awa, amma kuma mai ban tsoro, mai cike da soyayya, husuma da kishi. Riviera ya shahara saboda gaskiyar cewa lokacin da ya zana mata (musamman tsirara), dole ne ya gane samfurinsa sosai ... Sun ce Frida ya yaudare shi tare da maza da mata. Diego ya rufe ido ga na baya, amma al'amarin Frida da Leon Trotsky ya yi masa zafi sosai. Duk da tashin-tashina da yadda wasu suka fahimce su (sun ce ita kamar kurciya ce – mai taushi, mai qanqara, shi kuma kamar giwa – babba da babba), suka yi aure suka yi aiki tare. Tana matukar sonsa kuma ita ce majibincinsa.

The Art of Feelings

Soyayya kuma ta jawo wa mai zanen wahala da yawa. Bata taba samun haihuwan dan mafarkinta ba, domin jikinta da hatsarin ya ruguza ya hana ta yin hakan. Bayan daya daga cikin zubar da ciki, ta zuba mata zafi a kan zane - ƙirƙirar shahararren zanen "Henry Ford Hospital". A cikin wasu ayyuka da yawa, ta sami wahayi zuwa ga labarun ban mamaki duka biyu daga rayuwarta (zanen "Bus"), da kuma tarihin Mexico da mutanenta ("Ƙanan Ƙanƙara").

Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don zama tare da miji, mai zane - ruhun 'yanci. A gefe guda, ya buɗe kofa ga babban duniyar fasaha. Sun yi tafiya tare, sun yi abokantaka da shahararrun masu fasaha (Picasso ya yaba da basirar Frida), sun shirya nune-nunen su a manyan gidajen tarihi (Louvre ta sayi aikinta "Frama" kuma ita ce zane-zane na farko na Mexican a gidan kayan gargajiya na Paris), amma a daya hannun. Hannun Diego yayi mata zafi mafi girma Ya yaudare ta tare da kanwarsa. Frida nutsar da ta baƙin ciki a barasa, a m soyayya da kuma halitta sosai sirri images (ciki har da mafi shahara kai hoto "Biyu Fridas" - magana game da ta ruhaniya hawaye). Ita ma ta yanke shawarar saki.

Soyayya har kabari

Shekaru bayan haka, ba su iya rayuwa ba tare da juna ba, Diego da Kahlo sun sake yin aure. Har yanzu dangantaka ce mai hadari, amma a cikin 1954, lokacin da mai zane ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya ji mutuwarta, sun kasance kusa sosai. Ba a sani ba ko ta mutu ne sakamakon ciwon huhu (wannan shi ne sigar hukuma) ko kuma mijinta ya taimaka (bisa bukatar matarsa) ya rage mata wahala ta hanyar yi mata allura mai yawa. Ko kashe kansa ne? Bayan haka, ba a yi wani binciken gawar gawar ba, ko kuma wanda ya yi bincike kan musabbabin lamarin.

An shirya baje kolin hadin gwiwa na Frida da Diego a karon farko bayan mutuwa. Rivera sai ya gane cewa Kahlo shine soyayyar rayuwarsa. Gidan mai zane mai suna La Casa Azul (gidan blue) a garin Coyacan, inda aka haife ta, an kafa shi a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya. Ɗari galleries sun bukaci aikin Frida. Hanyar da ta zana an ba da sanarwar a matsayin ainihin ainihin mexican. Ƙasar ta yaba da sha'awarta na kishin ƙasa, haɓaka al'adun gida, kuma duniya tana son ƙarin sani game da wannan mace mai ƙarfi, hazaka da ban mamaki.

Frida Kahlo - hotuna na al'adun pop

Ko da a lokacin rayuwar Fried, da sauransu, murfin biyu a cikin babbar mujallar Vouge, inda har yanzu manyan taurari na al'adu suka bayyana. A 1937, ta yi wani zama a cikin wani American edition, da kuma bayan shekaru biyu a Faransa daya (dangane da zuwanta a wannan kasa da kuma bayyanar ayyuka a cikin Louvre). Tabbas, a jikin bangon, Kahlo ta bayyana a cikin wani kayan atamfa na Mexico, da furanni a kanta kuma cikin kayan adon zinare masu ƙyalli masu ƙyalli.

Bayan mutuwarta, lokacin da kowa ya fara magana game da Frida, aikinta ya fara ƙarfafa sauran masu fasaha. A cikin 1983, farkon fim ɗin farko game da mai zane mai suna "Frida, Rayuwar Halitta" ya faru a Mexico, wanda ya kasance babban nasara kuma ya tada sha'awar halayen take. A Amurka, an shirya wasan opera a 1991 mai suna "Frida" wanda Robert Xavier Rodriguez ya shirya. A cikin 1994, mawaƙin Amurka James Newton ya fitar da wani kundi mai suna Suite for Frida Kahlo. A gefe guda, zanen mai zane mai suna "Broken Column" (ma'ana corset da stiffeners wanda mai zane ya sa bayan hadarin) ya karfafa Jean Paul Gaultier don ƙirƙirar kayan ado ga Mila Jovovich a cikin Fifth Element.

A cikin 2001, hoton Frida ya bayyana akan tambarin gidan waya na Amurka. Bayan shekara guda, an fito da shahararren fim din mai suna "Frida", inda Salma Hayek ta taka rawar gani tare da bravado. An nuna wannan wasan kwaikwayo na tarihin rayuwa kuma an yaba shi a duk faɗin duniya. Mahalarta taron sun ji daɗin makomar mai zane kuma sun yaba da zane-zanenta. Har ila yau, mawaƙa daga ƙungiyar Coldplay ta Birtaniya, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga hoton Frida Kahlo, ya kirkiro waƙar "Viva la Vida", wanda ya zama babban kundi na "Viva la Vida, ko Mutuwa da dukan abokansa." A Poland, a cikin 2017, farkon wasan kwaikwayo na Jakub Przebindowski mai suna "Frida. Rayuwa, Art, Juyin Juya Hali. "

Zanen Frida ya bar alamarsa ba kawai a cikin al'ada ba. A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2010, ranar zagayowar ranar mawaƙin, Google ya saka hoton Frida a cikin tambarin su don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta kuma ya canza font zuwa wanda yayi kama da salon mai zane. A lokacin ne Bankin Mexico ya ba da takardar kuɗin peso 500 tare da gefen gaba. Halin Frida ya bayyana har ma a cikin labarun yara "Coco".

An ba da labarinta a cikin littattafai da tarihin rayuwa da yawa. Har ila yau, salon Mexican ya fara bayyana a matsayin kayan ado na carnival, kuma zane-zane na mai zane ya zama tushen fastoci, na'urori da kayan ado na gida. Yana da sauƙi kuma halin Frida har yanzu yana da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, kuma salonta na asali da fasaha har yanzu suna da dacewa. Abin da ya sa yana da daraja ganin yadda duk ya fara, don ganin cewa wannan ba kawai fashion ba ne, zane-zane, amma har ma ainihin icon da jarumi.

Yaya kuke son zanen Frida? Shin kun kalli fina-finai ko kun karanta tarihin rayuwar Kahlo?