Gwajin gwajin Fiat 500 Topolino, Fiat 500, Fiat Panda: Ƙananan Italiyanci

Misali uku waɗanda suka ba da motsi na ƙarni a gida

Sun kasance masu amfani kuma, mafi mahimmanci, masu arha. Tare da 500 Topolino da Nuovo 500, FIAT ta sami nasarar ɗora ƙasar ta Italiya gaba ɗaya. Daga baya, Panda ya dauki irin wannan aikin.

Wadannan biyun suna sane da tasirin su - Topolino da 500. Domin sun san cewa tare da fara'a suna son mata, wanda sau da yawa yakan dube su kadan fiye da yadda aka saba akan wasu motoci. Wannan, ba shakka, Panda ya lura da shi, wanda fuskarta na kusurwa kamar tana jefa kallon kishi a yau. Kamar yana so ya yi ihu: "Ni ma na cancanci ƙauna." Shi ma fitaccen mai siyarwa ne kuma an daɗe ana kiransa da alamar ƙira. Kuma a gaba ɗaya, yana da kusan kama da sauran yara - ƙananan mota mai arziki da araha, gaba ɗaya a cikin ainihin ruhun Topolino da Cinquecento.

Karamar mota ga kowa da kowa - ko farkon 1930s ra'ayi ne daga Benito Mussolini ko shugaban Fiat Giovanni Agnelli, ba za mu taɓa sani ba tabbas. Ɗayan yana so ya motsa motar Italiya don dalilai na siyasa, ɗayan kuma yana son bayanan tallace-tallace da kuma, ba shakka, ikon amfani da shuka a gundumar Lingoto ta Turin. Duk da haka, a karkashin jagorancin matashi Dante Giacosa, masana'antun Italiya sun ƙirƙira kuma sun gabatar da Fiat 15 a ranar 1936 ga Yuni, 500, wanda mutane suka yi wa lakabi da Topolino da sauri - "mouse", saboda fitilu a kan fuka-fuki suna kama da su. Kunnen Mickey Mouse. Fiat 500 ita ce mota mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi arha a kasuwar Italiya kuma ta kafa harsashin motsi na jama'a - daga yanzu, mallakar mota ba kawai gata ce ta masu arziki ba.

Fiat 500 Topolino - karamin injin silinda tare da 16,5 hp

Koren Fiat 500 C na Klaus Türk daga Nürtingen ya riga ya zama sigar na uku (kuma na ƙarshe) na tsohon mai siyarwa wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1949 kuma ya samar har zuwa 1955. Ko da yake an riga an gina fitilolin mota a cikin shingen shinge, ana kiran motar Topolino, kuma ba kawai a cikin mahaifarta ba. "Duk da haka, fasahar fasaha har yanzu tana daidai da sigar farko," in ji Fiat fan.

Idan muka fara duba injin bay, za mu iya ɗauka cewa injin silinda 569 cc huɗu ne. Duba shigar da ba daidai ba - ƙaramin naúrar da ƙarfin 16,5 hp. (maimakon ainihin 13 hp) hakika yana gaban axle na gaba, tare da radiator yana fuskantar baya da ɗan sama. "Ba komai," Turk ta tabbatar mana. Wannan tsari ya ba wa 500 damar samun ƙarshen gaba mai zagaye da iska yayin da a lokaci guda ke kawar da buƙatar famfon ruwa. Koyaya, akan hawan da ya fi tsanani, dole ne direba ya kula da zafin injin a hankali.

Har ila yau, tankin yana nan a gaba, ko kuma a sama da ƙafar ƙafa. Tun da carburetor yana ƙasa da ƙasa, Topolino baya buƙatar famfo mai. "Bayan haka, masu tsara na uku na Topolino sun ba shi shugaban silinda na aluminum da tsarin dumama," in ji mai shi Klaus Türk, wanda ya ba mu ɗan gwajin gwaji.

Duk da iƙirarin da'awar cewa Topolino wani abin al'ajabi ne na sararin samaniya, tare da fadin gida na kasa da 1,30 m, yanayin da ke ciki yana da kusanci. Tun da mun riga mun buɗe saman mai laushi mai nadawa, aƙalla akwai isasshen ɗakin kai. Nan take kallo ya tsaya ga na'urori masu zagaye biyu, na hagu wanda ke nuna matakin man fetur da zafin injin, kuma ma'aunin saurin yana gaban idon fasinja kusa da direban.

Tare da ƙara mai ƙarfi, injina bonsai mai hawa huɗu sun fara aiki kuma tare da ƙaramin tsalle 500 yana farawa da sauri ba zato ba tsammani. Yayinda motar ta yi ƙarfin hali ta hau kan matsattsun titunan da ke tsohuwar yankin Nürtingen, abubuwan hawa biyu na farko suna buƙatar kulawa saboda ba su aiki. Turk ya ce yana yiwuwa a tuka a kilomita 90 / h, amma shi da kansa ba ya son a sanya Fiat dinsa a irin wannan gwajin. “Ofarfin 16,5 hp. kuna bukatar jin daɗin duniyar waje dan kwanciyar hankali. "

Fiat Nuova 500: kamar tuka motar abin wasa ne

A tsakiyar shekarun 50, babban mai zane Dante Giacosa ya sake fuskantar babban kalubale. Damuwar tana neman magajin Topolino, saboda manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata sun haɗa da mafi ƙarancin sararin samaniya don saukar da hudu maimakon kujeru biyu, da injin baya, kamar yadda yake a cikin Fiat 1955, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 600. Don ajiye sararin samaniya, Yacoza ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da injin silinda biyu mai sanyaya iska a cikin layi, asali 479 cc13,5 tare da 500 hp. Iyakar kamanceceniya tsakanin abin da ake kira Nuova 1957 da samfurin da aka gabatar a cikin XNUMX da wanda ya gabace shi shine rufin masana'anta tare da taga na baya na filastik wanda zai iya buɗewa da farko har zuwa murfin sama da injin.

Felbach's Cinquecento Mario Giuliano an samar da shi a cikin 1973, kuma haɓakawa, waɗanda ba kasafai aka gabatar da su ba har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar samfurin a cikin 1977, sun haɗa da injiniya tare da ƙarin ƙaura na 594 hp zuwa 18 cc. ., Har ila yau, rufin, wanda ke buɗe sama da saman kujerun gaba, ana kiransa "tetto apribile". Koyaya, Fiat ya ajiye gearbox mai saurin sauri har sai ya sami karɓa mai karɓar kyauta.

Duk da haka, tare da ma'aunin saurin zagaye guda ɗaya, Nuova 500 ya fi kyan gani fiye da Topolino. "Amma wannan ba ya canza jin daɗin tuƙi na wannan motar ko kaɗan," in ji mai shi Giuliano, wanda, a matsayin memba na Fiat 500 a Felbach, kwanan nan ya shirya taron duniya na masu samfurin.

Hannuwan sauyawa da aka jera a jere akan dashboard, dogon lever na sihiri da siriri, da sitiyari mai rauni wanda ke ba wa mutumin da ke cikin motar damar kasancewa cikin ƙaramin samfurin abin wasa kaɗan. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yana canzawa da zarar injin ya fara. Abin da (cute) bouncer! Capacityarfinsa mita 30 ne kawai na Newton, amma yana bugawa kamar girma. Kamar weasel, thean yaro mai ɗimauta ya bi ta kan titunan Nürtingen, wanda ya yi kama da ƙasarsa ta Italiya, kuma tuƙi da katako suna aiki kai tsaye, kusan kamar go-kart.

A fuskokin waɗanda suka gan shi a wannan yawon buɗe ido, murmushi nan take ya bayyana, duk da ruri daga baya, wanda ba zai gafarta wa wasu motoci da yawa a zamaninmu ba. Kuma yayin tuki, ba ka da damar guje wa "kyakkyawan yanayin kwayar halitta", wanda ke ɗaukar 500.

Fiat Panda shima ya zama mafi kyawun siye

Mun rasa Fiat 126, wanda idan aka yi la'akari da shi zai zama cikakken magajin Cinquecento, da ƙasa a kan Panda, wanda aka shigar a cikin 1986, mallakar Dino Minsera na Fellbach. Babu wata tambaya cewa karamar mota ce, amma idan aka kwatanta da sauran yara biyu, wannan ɗan wasan dambe, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1980, yana jin kamar kuna zaune a cikin motar bas mai tsaka-tsaki. Yana yana da dakin mutane hudu da kuma wani bit na kaya, amma har yanzu ya kasance mai araha - Fiat ya sake kimanta bukatun kasar kuma ya ba da izini Giugiaro don tsara tsarin da aka rage zuwa mafi mahimmancin akwatin dabaran - daga karfe na bakin ciki tare da tagogi masu lebur da windows. saman, kuma a cikin ciki - kayan aiki mai sauƙi tubular. "Haɗin amfani da jin daɗin tuƙi ya zama na musamman a yau," in ji Mincera, wanda ya kasance mai na biyu na shekaru goma sha biyu.

Ƙananan titunan Nürtingen sun zama filin wasan zagaye na uku kuma na ƙarshe. Panda yana tsalle akan babban kwalta, amma tare da 34 hp. (overhead camshaft!) Idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suka gabace ta, tana tafiya kusan kamar motar da ake cece-kuce kuma tana burge ainihin ta - aƙalla wannan tasiri ga mutumin da ke bayan motar. Amma mutane kaɗan ne ke kula da ita, wataƙila domin sun taɓa ganinta a kowane lungu kuma sun daɗe da manta irin hazakar wannan motar.

ƙarshe

Edita Michael Schroeder: Bari mu dan sake bayyana a takaice babban darajojin wadannan kananan motoci guda uku: godiya ga dogon lokacin da suke samarwa da kuma manyan bugu, sun samar da motsi ga tsararrun Italiya. Ba daidai ba ne cewa, ba kamar Topolino da 500 ba, Panda har yanzu yana nesa da gunkin tsafi tsakanin ƙananan motoci.

Rubutu: Michael Schroeder

Hotuna: Arturo Rivas

bayanan fasaha

Fiat 500 s.	Fiat 500 C Topolin	750 Fiat Panda
Volumearar aiki	594 cc	569 cc	770 cc
Ikon	18 k.s. (13 kW) a 4000 rpm	16,5 k.s. (12 kW) a 4400 rpm	34 k.s. (25 kW) a 5200 rpm
Matsakaici karfin juyi	30,4 Nm a 2800 rpm	29 Nm a 2900 rpm	57 Nm a 3000 rpm
Hanzarta 0-100 km / h	33,7 sec (0-80 kilomita / h)	-	23 s
Nisan birki a gudun 100 km / h	babu bayanai	babu bayanai	babu bayanai
Girma mafi girma	97 km / h	95 km / h	125 km / h
Matsakaicin amfani man fetur a cikin gwaji	7,9 l / 100 kilomita	5 - 7 l / 100 kilomita	5,6 l / 100 kilomita
Farashin tushe	€ 11 (a cikin Jamus, comp. 000)	€ 14 (a cikin Jamus, comp. 000)	EUR 9000 (a cikin Jamus, comp. 1)

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