Shin kerosene yana da kimar octane?

Fuel octane da rawarsa

Ma'auni na octane shine ma'auni na aikin man fetur. An auna shi dangane da isooctane mai tsabta, wanda aka sanya madaidaicin ƙimar 100. Mafi girman ƙimar octane, ƙarin matsawa za a buƙaci don tayar da mai.

A gefe guda, octane ba ma'aunin ƙima ba ne kawai da ake amfani da shi don rarraba man fetur bisa ga kaddarorinsa na rigakafin bugun bugun zuciya, amma har ma da iskar gas na zahiri. Tsarinsa yana kusa da C₈H₁₈. Al'ada octane ruwa ne mara launi da ake samu a cikin mai a tafasa a kusan 124,6⁰C.

Man fetur na al'ada shine (ban da tasirin ethanol) cakuda hydrocarbons da yawa. Don haka, ana ƙididdige lambar octane azaman adadin atom ɗin octane a cikin ƙwayar mai.

Shin duk abubuwan da ke sama gaskiya ne ga kananzir a matsayin mai?

Rigimar wasu batutuwa da husuma

Duk da tushen gama gari da kamanceceniya a cikin sinadarai, kananzir ya bambanta sosai da mai daga mahangar physicochemical. Bambance-bambancen sune kamar haka:

1. A fasaha, kowane kananzir ya fi kusa da man dizal, wanda, kamar yadda ka sani, yana da lambar cetane. Don haka, ana iya amfani da kananzir a cikin injunan zagayowar dizal, waɗanda ke dogaro da fashewar man da aka matsa nan take. Ba a amfani da kananzir a cikin injunan konewa, sai dai kananan jiragen piston.
2. Wurin walƙiya na kananzir ya bambanta ƙwarai da alama, don haka yanayin kunna shi a cikin injin zai bambanta.

3. Wasu tsofaffin litattafan karatu da littattafan tunani suna ba da abin da ake kira lambobi octane na sharaɗi don man dizal. Darajar su shine 15…25. Wannan ba shi da komai idan aka kwatanta da na man fetur, amma dole ne ku yi la'akari da cewa man dizal yana ƙonewa a cikin nau'in injin daban-daban. Diesel yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙarancin ƙwanƙwasa, kuma a lokaci guda babban ƙarfin ƙarfin juzu'i.
4. Babban bambancin da ke tsakanin man fetur da kananzir shi ne cewa kananzir a haƙiƙanin garwaya ce ta alkane hydrocarbon sama da ɗaya ko reshe, wanda babu ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da biyu ko sau uku. A nata bangare, octane yana daya daga cikin rukunin alkane na hydrocarbons, kuma shine babban bangaren mai. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade abin da ake kira lambar octane na kananzir kawai bayan ko ta yaya aka raba wani alkane hydrocarbon daga wani.

Yadda za a ƙayyade tasiri na kananzir a matsayin man fetur?

A kowane hali, ba cikin sharuddan lambar octane ba: ba ya wanzu don kerosene. Yawancin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma ba a cikin yanayin masana'antu ba, sun ba da bambanci sosai a sakamakon ƙarshe. An bayyana wannan kamar haka. A lokacin distillation na danyen mai, an samu matsakaicin juzu'i tsakanin man fetur da kananzir, wanda galibi ake kira naphtha ko naphtha. Danyen naphtha bai dace da hadawa da fetur ba, saboda yana rage adadin octane. Naphtha kuma ba ta dace da haɗuwa da kerosene ba saboda, ban da la'akari da aikin, yana rage ma'anar walƙiya. Saboda haka, naphtha a mafi yawan lokuta ana fuskantar gyaran tururi don samar da iskar gas ko hada iskar gas. Samfurori na distillation yayin samar da kerosene na iya samun nau'in juzu'i daban-daban, wanda ba ya wanzu ko da a cikin nau'in samfurin mai.

A ƙarshe, mun lura cewa jirgin saman kerosene TS-1 ana amfani da shi azaman mai don jiragen jet. Injin jet injin turbin iskar gas ne inda ake ci gaba da konewa a ɗakin konewa. Wannan ya bambanta irin waɗannan injunan daga dizal ko injunan mai, inda wuta ke faruwa a matakin da ake buƙata a cikin zagayowar thermodynamic. Don irin wannan kananzir, ya fi dacewa a lissafta lambar cetane, ba lambar octane ba.

Saboda haka, don kananzir babu, kuma ba zai iya zama, analogue tare da adadin man fetur octane.

NUMBER OCTANE Menene shi?