Toyota Yaris injuna
Abubuwa
Nunin Mota na Frankfurt a cikin 1998 shine farkon farkon sabuwar motar motar Toyota - FanTime ta Japan. Sai da masu zanen ya ɗauki watanni shida kawai don gyara motar da kuma gabatar da ita a Geneva ƙarƙashin alamar Yaris. Sigar serial ɗin ta bambanta da na “tsohon” ta na’urar hasken ciki mai tsauri. An ƙera shi a cikin salon ɗan ƙaramin ɗan Jafananci, ƙaramin hatchback ɗin gaba-dabaran ya maye gurbin tsohuwar Toyota Starlet. Motar nan take ta sami nasarar mai siyan ta a cikin dakunan nunin Turai (Vitz) da Amurka (Belta).
Tarihin halitta da samarwa
Shekaru biyu kacal bayan fitowar ta a hukumance, sabuwar motar ta lashe kyautar motar Turai ta shekarar 2000. Ga kasuwar tsohuwar duniya, an ƙaddamar da sakin Yaris a ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin kera motoci na Faransa. Tare da ƙirar sa, ƙaramin jikin hatchback ya fi kama da ƙirar Peugeot 3 Series. Motar ra'ayi ita ce hatchback mai ƙafafu na gaba mai kofa uku ko biyar. Nasarar samfurin ya ba wa manajojin Toyota damar yin gwaji da siffar jiki: ƙananan motoci sun yi birgima daga layin taro a Amurka a ƙarƙashin alamar Toyota Verso, kuma an buga sedans don masu saye na Turai.
Daidai da bambance-bambancen shine zaɓin watsawa. An shigar da "robot" a kan mafi ƙarancin wutar lantarki 1 lita, kuma an shigar da watsawa ta atomatik akan injunan lita 1,3. A shekara ta 2003, Toyotz ya saki motoci masu nauyin lita 1,5 masu ƙarfi a matsayin wani ɓangare na sakewa. Masu siyan Amurka za su iya siyan Echo sedan da hatchback. An samar da Yaris har ma a China a karkashin alamar FAW Vizi.
Kallo daya Yaris ya nuna cewa wannan ita ce cikakkiyar mota ga mata. Sauƙin tuƙi - maki 5. Dukkan ayyukan "kwakwalwa" na lantarki ana kwafi su ta hanyar "LED" na kan dashboard. Anan, masu zanen kaya da injiniyoyi na sashin lantarki sun ɗauki mafi kyawun Renault Twingo.
An lura da nunin bayanin wannan motar da yawan masu amfani da ita a matsayin mafi kyau a cikin duk shahararrun samfuran mota. Dangane da ikon canji na gidan da amincin aiki, komai yana kan matakin mafi girma: taurari 5 bisa ga ma'aunin EuroNCAP.
Amma ajiyewa a kan kayan tsada don kammala sassa daban-daban na ɗakin har yanzu yana sa kansa ya ji - ra'ayi ba shi da kyau. Bugu da kari, Yaris ba kwata-kwata ba mota ce da ta dace wajen kare sauti ba. A babban gudun, an shirya dukkan "bouquet" don fasinjoji:
- hayaniyar taya;
- kukan iska;
- sautin injin gudu.
Duk wannan ba ya taimaka wa dogon iyali tafiye-tafiye a cikin gida na wannan, a general, a wajen nasara mota.
Namiji na mazauna gaban gaban hagu kujera Toyota Yaris fi son gwada mafi "m" halaye na mota. Da farko, gudanarwa. Injin da ba shi da ƙarfi sosai wanda aka haɗa tare da akwati na atomatik ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ba zai iya jurewa da tsayi mai tsayi, a hankali hawa kan madaidaiciyar shimfidar autobahns.
Injin kawai ya fara " atishawa ". Kyakkyawan yanayin aiki na watsawa ta atomatik shine "fedal zuwa bene" a cikin kayan aiki na biyu ko na uku. Abin da ya fi dacewa ga rabin mace na iyali shine tafiya a cikin gari tsakanin cafes da shaguna.
Injin Toyota Yaris
Ga Yaris hatchbacks na 2-4 ƙarni (XP90-XP130) a cikin 1998-2006, Japan injin magina sun samar da 4 nau'i na wutar lantarki da girma na 1,0, 1,3 da 1,5 lita, tare da damar 69-108 hp:
| Alama | Rubuta | girma, cm 3 | Matsakaicin iko, kW / hp | Tsarin wutar lantarki |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2SZ-FE | fetur | 1296 | 64/87 | DOHC |
| 1KR-FE | fetur | 996 | 51/70 | DOHC, Dual VVT-i |
| 1 NR-FE | fetur na yanayi, tare da kwampreso | 1329 | 72/98 | DOHC, Dual VVT-i |
| 1 NZ-FE | fetur na yanayi | 1496 | 79/108 | DOHC |
Injin 2SZ-FE, wanda Daihatsu ya ƙera, yana da babban koma baya da ke da alaƙa da kurakurai a cikin tsarin rarraba iskar gas. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin nasarar ƙirar sarkar Morse. Karancin rauninsa yayin motsi ya kai ga tsalle daga ja. A sakamakon haka - wani m rauni na bawul faranti a kan pistons.
Irin wannan maganin ƙirar da bai yi nasara ba ya iyakance kewayon ƙirar da aka yi amfani da wannan injin zuwa abubuwa huɗu.
Injin mafi ƙarami a cikin kewayon da aka yi amfani da shi akan Yaris, 1KR-FE wani samfuri ne daga sashin injin Daihatsu na kamfanin Toyota. Uku-Silinda 70-horsepower naúrar da matsawa rabo na 10,5: 1 kawai auna 68 kg. Ci gaban injiniyoyin Japan sun sami lambar yabo ta farko a gasar "Injiniya ta Shekara" sau hudu a jere - daga 2007 zuwa 2010.
An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar “bouquet” na sani-how:
- tsarin rarraba gas VVTi;
- MPFI lantarki allurar man fetur;
- yawan shan robobi don inganta cikar silinda tare da cakuda mai ƙonewa.
Motar ta nuna ɗayan mafi kyawun sakamako a tsakanin duk masu kera motoci dangane da abokantaka na muhalli - kawai 109 g / km.
Injin jerin NZ ya kasance mafi ƙarfi a cikin duk injunan Yaris. Na'urar silinda hudu tana da wayoyi daban-daban don sigina masu allura. Kamar wakilan "junior jerin", 1NZ-FE sanye take da VVTi gas rarraba tsarin. Allurar man fetur - jeri, SFI. Tsarin wuta - DIS-4.
An fara shigar da injin 1NR-FE akan jerin Yaris na Turai, yana barin 4ZZ-FE mara amfani. A cikin gida Jafananci kasuwar, sabon jerin da restylings na sauran gyare-gyare samu wani sabon engine maimakon 2NZ-FE da 2SZ-FE. An inganta mahimman hanyoyin injin guda biyu:
- pistons;
- yawan cin abinci.
Motocin da aka yi niyya don aiki a cikin ƙasashen da ke da matsanancin yanayi mara zafi sun sami tsarin dumama mai sanyaya a cikin yanayin "farawar sanyi".
Duk da takamaiman yanayi na injuna, sun "buga" 14 daban-daban gyare-gyare na Toyota motoci:
| Samfurin | 2SZ-FE | 1KR-FE | 1 NR-FE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mota | ||||
| toyota | ||||
| Auris | * | |||
| Belta | * | * | ||
| Corolla | * | |||
| Corolla Axio | * | |||
| iQ | * | * | ||
| Mataki | * | * | ||
| Porte | * | |||
| Probox | * | |||
| Bayan tseren | * | * | ||
| Gindi | * | |||
| spade | * | |||
| tank | * | |||
| Vitz | * | * | * | |
| Yaris | * | * | * | |
| Jimla: | 4 | 7 | 11 | 22 |
Yaris na hukuma tare da injin turbocharged cc 14963 Toyota ba ta gabatar da shi ba, amma tun 2010 ba a yi wuya a sayi motoci da babban caja ba. Wani injin da ya zo da sauri cikin wannan jerin shine injin dizal mai turbocharged na yau da kullun tare da ikon 75 hp. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don irin wannan nau'in wutar lantarki shine watsawar hannu.
Koyaya, idan an shigar da kama ta atomatik tare da shi, tuƙi ya zama azabtarwa.
Da farko kuna buƙatar fara injin a cikin saurin tsaka tsaki. Mai farawa a cikin kowane kayan aiki a wannan lokacin ya kasance a toshe. Na gaba shine motsi na lever, bayan haka ana ɗaukar kayan lantarki don aiki. Kama yana aiki daidai da matsayi na lever da fedal. Lokacin da aka zame saurin da ake buƙata, fitilar sarrafawa tana walƙiya akan sashin kulawa, wanda ke ba da rahoton kuskure.
Injin da ya fi shahara ga motocin Yaris
Motar 1NR-FE an fi amfani da ita akan gyare-gyaren Yaris. An kafa samar da shi a masana'antun gina injinin Turai da Japan. Gyaran jiki na farko wanda aka shigar dashi shine XP99F (2008). Ƙungiyar ƙirar ta gabatar da sababbin samfurori da dama, wanda daga baya ya zama tartsatsi.
- Haɓaka ƙira na nau'in abin sha ta hanyar kwaikwaiyon kwamfuta.
- Abubuwan da aka sabunta (carbon ceramide) ƙira, rage nauyin piston.
Injin 98-horsepower tare da tsarin sanyaya mai buɗewa an ƙera shi don biyan ka'idodin muhalli na Yuro 5. Matsakaicin matakin ƙyalli da aka yarda da shi shine 128 g / km., Godiya ga aikin bawul ɗin EGR wanda ke sarrafa injin stepper. Matsayin "layin ja", abin da ake kira yankewa, yana a 6000 rpm.
Saboda yanayin da ba shi da kyau na silinda liners, mannewa da kuma matakin canja wurin zafi zuwa mai sanyaya sun inganta. A ka'idar, ba zai yuwu a iya ɗaukar shingen Silinda don daidaita injin cikin sharuddan iko ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa nisa tsakanin tubalan yana da kadan - kawai 7 mm.
Tsarin manifolds: ci (filastik) - a baya, shaye (karfe) - a gaba.
Motar 1NR-FE abin dogaro ne sosai.
Daga cikin gazawar da ake iya gani, guda biyu ne kawai za a iya lura da su:
- yawan amfani da mai;
- matsaloli tare da yanayin farawa sanyi.
Bayan ya kai kilomita dubu 200. gudu, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa injin VVTi da soot a bangon babban kayan abinci na iya bayyana. Bugu da kari, famfun ruwa na iya zubewa.
Cikakken zaɓin motar don Yaris
Amsar wannan tambayar a bayyane take. Daga cikin injunan da suka zama tushen samar da wutar lantarki na motocin Yaris, 1KR-FE ya zama mafi ci gaba. Kyaututtukan mota guda huɗu na shekara a jere sune sakamakon kyakkyawan aikin ƙungiyar injiniyoyin Daihatsu.
Na farko, an rage nauyin injin kamar yadda zai yiwu. Don yin wannan, ana jefa manyan ɓangarorin injin daga allunan aluminium maimakon ƙarfe. Wannan jeri ya haɗa da:
- toshe silinda;
- kwanon mai;
- shugaban silinda.
VVTi, sandunan haɗin kai na dogon lokaci da tsarin inganta tsarin cin abinci suna ba ku damar cimma babban matakin karfin juzu'i a sama da ƙananan revs. Don rage hasarar wutar lantarki a lokacin rikici, ana kula da ƙungiyar piston tare da abun da ke ƙara haɓaka juriya. Siffar da girman ɗakunan konewa suna ba da damar cimma mafi kyawun yanayi don lokacin ƙonewa na cakuda man fetur. Wannan shine dalilin ƙarancin ƙarancin hayaki mai cutarwa a cikin sharar injin 1KR-FE.
