Injin Opel Astra
Abubuwa
1991 ita ce farkon shekarar sabuwar motar Adam Opel OG. Ƙarshen mulkin shekaru talatin na Opel Kadett E shine ranar haihuwar tauraro. Wannan shine yadda sunan mai ci gaba da hadisai, motar Astra, ke sauti a cikin fassarar daga Latin. An tsara motocin da aka fara da harafin F. Motocin farko sun zo kasuwar Turai a matsayin wakilan sabon "jin golf". Har yanzu ana kera motocin J da K a masana'antar General Motors har zuwa yau.
Astra F - trendsetter na Turai fashion
Damuwa Adam Opel AG ya kawo gyare-gyare da yawa na jerin F zuwa kasuwa, alal misali, bambance-bambancen Caravan an samar da shi azaman tashar tashar kofa biyar da "motar mota" mai kofa uku. Bugu da kari, masu siye zasu iya zaɓar:
- sedan - 4 kofofin;
- hatchback - 3 da 5 kofofin.
Motoci sun banbanta na musamman na shimfidar nasara. Hatchbacks yana da sashin kaya na lita 360. Wagon tashar a cikin daidaitaccen sigar ya ɗauki nauyin nauyin har zuwa lita 500, kuma tare da kujerun jere na baya - 1630 lita. Sauƙi, aiki da kuma dacewa - waɗannan su ne manyan halaye waɗanda duk masu amfani da sabuwar motar suka lura ba tare da togiya ba. Sake gyarawa a cikin 1994 ya kawo sabbin kayan datsa ciki zuwa rakiyar motar. An shigar da jakar iska akan ginshiƙin tuƙi.
Kamfanin bai manta da masoya ayyukan waje da wasanni ba. A gare su, an shigar da nau'ikan nau'ikan 2-lita guda biyu akan GT version - 115 da 150 hp. A cikin 1993, an ƙara kewayon da buɗaɗɗen mota mai kujeru huɗu na aji mai iya canzawa. Hukumar gudanarwar Jamus ta ba da amanar samar da ƙaramar samar da ita ga ɗan sanannen kamfanin kera motoci na Italiya Bertone. Motar ta sami ƙari ga alamar - GSI gajarta (Grand Sport Injection). Irin waɗannan nau'ikan "caji" sun bar layin taro na masana'antu a cikin Burtaniya, Kudancin Amurka, Australia, Indiya, Poland, Afirka ta Kudu, China har zuwa 2000. A cikin yanayi hudu masu zuwa, an sayar da motocin F daga Poland zuwa ƙasashen tsohon sansanin 'yan gurguzu da kuma Turkiyya.
A cikin sabon karni - karkashin harafin G
Na biyu ƙarni na rare mota samu na gaba harafin na Latin haruffa. Kamar sigar farko, an samar da Astra G a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a duniya. A Ostiraliya, an sabunta alamar Holden tare da haruffa TS. Sigar Burtaniya ta zama sananne da suna Vauxhall Mk4. Opel Astra G ya samu zuwa kasashen tsohon USSR:
- Rasha - Chevrolet Viva.
- Ukraine - Astra Classic.
gyare-gyare na jerin G sun sami nau'ikan watsawa iri biyu - Jafananci 4-gudun atomatik watsawa da kuma 5-gudun manual tare da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive. Wasu cikakkun bayanan ƙira:
- tsarin hana kulle birki (ABS);
- dakatarwa - McFerson gaba, katako mai zaman kansa - baya;
- birki
Wani sabon abu shine shigar da tsarin hana zamewa.
Babban abin da ke cikin jeri shine OPC GSI hatchback tare da ingin 160 hp na halitta (1999). Shekaru uku bayan haka, a karkashin wannan raguwa, motoci na wasu shimfidu sun fara bayyana - coupes, kekunan tashar, masu iya canzawa. Wannan karshen ya zama ainihin abin da ya faru a kasuwar Turai. Tare da injin turbocharged tare da ƙarfin 192-200 hp. da kuma ƙarar 2,0 lita. ya yi kama da dodo na gaske.
Astra H - farkon Rasha
A shekara ta 2004, an shirya samar da gyare-gyare na jerin motocin Astra na uku a Rasha. SKD taron motoci da aka za'ayi da Kaliningrad Enterprise "Avtotor" shekaru biyar. Shekarar 2008 ita ce shekarar farko don samar da cikakken sikeli na samfurin Opel. Jirgin yana cikin ƙauyen Shushary, yankin Leningrad. Bayan ɗan lokaci, an sake fasalin taron gaba ɗaya don Kaliningrad.
Jerin H ya zama farkon don motocin Astra na sabon shimfidawa - sedans. Sun maye gurbin ƙarewar Vectra B. Bayan farkon Istanbul a 2004, an kera sabuwar motar a Jamus, Ireland, Mexico da Brazil (Chevrolet Vectra hatchback mai kofa 4). A cikin layin jerin kuma akwai samfuran jiki da kekunan tasha. Latterarshen ya zama tushen don ƙirƙirar a cikin 2009 na Astra TwinTop Coupe-kabrilet. A cikin Rasha, an samar da waɗannan samfuran har zuwa 2014 a matsayin Astra Family.
Duk da haka, shimfidar hatchback ya kasance mafi mashahuri. A cikin nau'in kofa biyar, tare da injin lita 1,6 tare da damar 115 hp, motar tana da fa'idodi da yawa:
- jakar iska ga fasinjoji hudu;
- tagogin wutar baya;
- tsarin dumama wurin zama;
- kula da yanayi;
- kyamarar kallon baya.
Haɗe tare da tsarin sitiriyo CD/mp3 da akwatin gear mai sauri shida a cikin nau'ikan ƙima, motar tayi kyau sosai.
Wakilan mafi ƙarfi na jerin H sune motoci da aka taru a cikin saitunan Active da Cosmo tare da watsawa ta atomatik da injunan turbocharged:
- 1,6 lita 170 hp;
- 1,4 lita 140 hp
Sabon dandamali don sabon jerin
A Nunin Mota na Frankfurt na 2009, Opel ya gabatar da sabon ƙaramin dandamali, Delta II, zuwa kasuwar kera motoci ta duniya. Sharuɗɗan sabuwar motar sun yi daidai da shawarar ƙira na mawallafin ra'ayin Insigna. Masana'anta na farko inda aka fara hada motoci na jerin H da cikakken girma shine Vauxhall a cikin lardin Cheshire na Ingilishi.
Gaskiya mai ban dariya daga tarihin jerin shine ƙin sarrafa Opel don amfani da harafin I mai bin H a cikin haruffan Latin.
Mawallafin ra'ayi na samfurin nasa ne na ƙungiyar Opel Design Center (Rüsselheim, Jamus). Jimlar lokacin tsarkakewa na ƙirar ra'ayi a cikin ramin iska ya wuce sa'o'i 600. Masu zanen kaya sun yi canje-canje masu mahimmanci ga bayyanar al'ada na hatchback:
- wheelbase kara da 71 mm;
- ya kara nisan hanya.
An tsara chassis bisa ga tsarin mechatronic. Wannan ya ba da damar haɗa kanikanci da na'urorin sarrafa lantarki na "masu hankali" na sassa daban-daban na motar, kamar dakatarwar FlexRide. Direba na iya daidaita nau'ikan dakatarwa guda uku (Standart, Sport ko Tour) da kansa don dacewa da salon tuƙi.
Baya ga canje-canjen juyin juya hali a cikin tsarin sarrafawa, ƙungiyar ƙirar ta ba abokan ciniki wasu sabbin abubuwa masu daɗi:
- tsarin hasken ciki na zamani da kujerun ergonomic;
- bi-xenon fitilolin mota na sabon ƙarni AFL +.
An yanke shawarar shigar da kyamara don kallon gaba Opel Eye akan duk samfuran sabbin jerin. Yana da ikon gane alamun hanya da aka saita a kan hanya kuma yayi gargaɗi game da karkacewa daga mafi kyawun yanayin motsi.
Astra K - mota na gaba
Mafi zamani memba na dangin Astra na motocin Opel shine K-jerin hatchback. An samar da ƙirarsa da fasalinsa ga masu son siye a cikin Satumba 2015 a Frankfurt. Bayan watanni 10, motar farko ta sami mai siyan ta:
- a cikin Burtaniya - kamar yadda Vauxhall Astra;
- a kasar Sin - karkashin alamar Buick Verano;
- a nahiya ta biyar tare da alamar Holden Astra.
Tsarin motar ya zama mafi zamani idan aka kwatanta da gyare-gyaren da aka yi a baya. An sanye shi da sabon fasahar zamani a fannin fasahar kera motoci. Baya ga hatchback mai kofa 5, akwai kuma motar tashar tuƙi ta gaba. An haɗa sabbin abubuwa a masana'antu guda biyu - a cikin Gliwice na Poland da a Elzmirport, a cikin Foggy Albion. Sunan dandalin hukuma shine D2XX. Daga cikin motocin wasan golf, waɗanda a yanzu aka fi sani da C-class, Astra K ana kiransa da wasa da wasa ko kuma da gaske ana kiranta da "kwanciyar tsalle".
Ba a ba wa direbobi komai ƙasa da zaɓuɓɓukan daidaita wurin zama 18 daban-daban. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, AGR bokan. Bayan haka:
- Idon Opel na atomatik don bin diddigin alamun hanya;
- matattun yankin kula;
- tsarin mayar da motar zuwa layinta lokacin ketare layin;
A cikin sigar "makanikanci", girman injin 3-Silinda tare da ikon 105 hp. 1 lita ne kawai, kuma gudun kan autobahn yana ƙasa da 200 km / h. Don watsawa ta atomatik mai sauri shida, ana amfani da 4-cylinder 1,6 lita. injin (136 hp).
Kamfanin wutar lantarki na Opel Astra
Wannan samfurin shahararren kamfanin kera motoci na Jamus shine cikakken zakara a tsakanin 'yan'uwansa dangane da adadin injunan da aka sanya akan gyare-gyare daban-daban. Tsawon tsararraki biyar, sun kai 58 daga cikinsu.
| Alama | girma, l. | Rubuta | girma, | Matsakaicin iko, kW / hp | Tsarin wutar lantarki |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cm 3 ku | |||||
| Saukewa: A13DTE | 1.2 | dizal turbocharged | 1248 | 70/95 | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Saukewa: A14NEL | 1.4 | turbocharged fetur | 1364 | 88/120 | allura rarraba |
| Bayani na A14NET | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 101 / 138, 103 / 140 | DOHC, DCVCP |
| Saukewa: A14XEL | 1.4 | fetur | 1398 | 64/87 | allura rarraba |
| Saukewa: A14XER | 1.4 | -: - | 1398 | 74/100 | DOHC |
| A16 SAUKI | 1.6 | turbocharged fetur | 1598 | 132/180 | kai tsaye allura |
| Saukewa: A16XER | 1.6 | fetur | 1598 | 85 / 115, 103 / 140 | allura rarraba |
| Saukewa: A16XHT | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 125/170 | kai tsaye allura |
| Saukewa: A17DTJ | 1.7 | dizal | 1686 | 81/110 | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Saukewa: A17DTR | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 92/125 | -: - |
| A20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1956 | 118/160, 120/163, 121/165 | -: - |
| Saukewa: A20DTR | 2 | dizal turbocharged | 1956 | 143/195 | -: - |
| B16DTH | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 100/136 | -: - |
| Saukewa: B16DTL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 81/100 | -: - |
| C14NZ | 1.4 | fetur | 1389 | 66/90 | allura guda ɗaya, SOHC |
| C14 SE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 60/82 | tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, SOHC |
| C18 XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1799 | 85/115 | -: - |
| Saukewa: C20XE | 2 | -: - | 1998 | 110/150 | -: - |
| X14NZ | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | -: - |
| Saukewa: X14XE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | allura rarraba |
| Saukewa: X16SZ | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 52 / 71, 55 / 75 | allura guda ɗaya, SOHC |
| Saukewa: X16SZR | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 55 / 75, 63 / 85 | allura guda ɗaya, SOHC |
| Farashin X16XEL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | allura rarraba |
| Saukewa: X17DT | 1.7 | turbocharged fetur | 1686 | 60/82 | SOHC |
| Saukewa: X17DTL | 1.7 | dizal turbocharged | 1700 | 50/68 | -: - |
| Saukewa: X18XE | 1.8 | fetur | 1799 | 85/115 | allura rarraba |
| Saukewa: X18XE1 | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/115, 85/116, 92/125 | -: - |
| Saukewa: X20DTL | 2 | dizal turbocharged | 1995 | 60/82 | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Saukewa: X20XER | 2 | fetur | 1998 | 118/160 | allura rarraba |
| Saukewa: Y17DT | 1.7 | dizal turbocharged | 1686 | 55/75 | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Y20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 74/100 | -: - |
| Saukewa: Y20DTL | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 60/82 | -: - |
| Saukewa: Y22DTR | 2.2 | -: - | 2172 | 88 / 120, 92 / 125 | -: - |
| Z12XE | 1.2 | fetur | 1199 | 55/75 | allura rarraba |
| Z13DTH | 1.3 | dizal turbocharged | 1248 | 66/90 | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Z14XEL | 1.4 | fetur | 1364 | 55/75 | allura rarraba |
| Bayanin Z14XEP | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 64 / 87, 66 / 90 | -: - |
| DAGA SHEKARU 16 | 1.6 | turbocharged fetur | 1598 | 132/180 | -: - |
| Z16SE | 1.6 | fetur | 1598 | 62 / 84, 63 / 85 | -: - |
| Z16XE | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | -: - |
| Saukewa: Z16XE1 | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 77/105 | -: - |
| Bayanin Z16XEP | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74/100, 76/103, 77/105 | -: - |
| Z16XER | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 85/115 | -: - |
| Z16YNG | 1.6 | gas | 1598 | 71/97 | -: - |
| Z17DTH | 1.7 | dizal turbocharged | 1686 | 74/100 | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Saukewa: Z17DTL | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 59/80 | -: - |
| Z18XE | 1.8 | fetur | 1796 | 90 / 122, 92 / 125 | allura rarraba |
| Z18XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/116 | -: - |
| Z18XER | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 103/140 | -: - |
| Z19DT | 1.9 | dizal turbocharged | 1910 | 88/120 | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Z19DTH | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88 / 120, 110 / 150 | -: - |
| Saukewa: Z19DTJ | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88/120 | -: - |
| Saukewa: Z19DTL | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 74 / 100, 88 / 120 | -: - |
| Z20L | 2 | turbocharged fetur | 1998 | 125/170 | allura rarraba |
| Z20LER | 2 | fetur na yanayi | 1998 | 125/170 | allura tashar jiragen ruwa kai tsaye |
| turbocharged fetur | 1998 | 147/200 | |||
| DAGA SHEKARU 20 | 2 | turbocharged fetur | 1998 | 140/190, 141/192, 147/200 | allura rarraba |
| Z22SE | 2.2 | fetur | 2198 | 108/147 | kai tsaye allura |
Motoci guda biyu daga duka layin sun fi na ban mamaki fiye da sauran. Z20LER mai lita biyu ne kawai aka sake shi a ƙarƙashin lakabi ɗaya a cikin nau'ikan iri biyu:
- yanayi, tare da allurar mai kai tsaye, 170 hp
- allura dari biyu mai karfi, tare da turbocharger.
Z16YNG shine kawai injin iskar gas na Opel Astra.
Mafi mashahuri injin don Opel Astra
Abu ne mai sauqi qwarai don ware motar, wanda sau da yawa fiye da sauran ya zama tushen wutar lantarki akan motocin Opel Astra. Wannan injin mai nauyin lita 1,6 ne na jerin Z16. An saki biyar daga cikin gyare-gyarensa (SE, XE, XE1, XEP, XER). Dukansu suna da wannan girma - 1598 cubic centimeters. A cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, an yi amfani da injector don samar da man fetur - sashin kula da allura da aka rarraba.
Wannan injin 101 hp a 2000, ya zama magaji ga engine X16XEL, wanda aka shigar a kan daban-daban model na Opel. An yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru biyar akan Astra G. Daga cikin sifofin ƙira, ya kamata a lura da kasancewar tsarin kula da Multec-S (F), sarrafa magudanar lantarki. Ana shigar da firikwensin iskar oxygen a bangarorin biyu na mai kara kuzari.
Duk da babban shahararsa, aikinsa bai kasance ba tare da matsala ba. Manyan sun hada da:
- yawan amfani da mai;
- koma baya na masu hawa sassa.
Don taimakawa masu motoci waɗanda ke fuskantar matsaloli tare da aikin injin, masu haɓakawa sun shigar da tsarin gano kansa na EOBD. Tare da taimakonsa, zaka iya gano dalilin rashin aiki a cikin injin da sauri.
Zaɓin da ya dace na injin lokacin siyan Astra
Hanyar zabar mafi kyawun haɗuwa da shimfidar mota da wutar lantarki koyaushe yana tare da tunani mai raɗaɗi, dogon nazari na kayan aiki kuma, a ƙarshe, gwada kansa. Abin mamaki shine, tare da irin wannan nau'in injunan Ecotec, ba shi da wahala a zabi mafi kyawun shimfidar wutar lantarki don Opel Astra. Manyan uku na bita da ƙima daban-daban na 'yan shekarun nan sun haɗa da turbocharged mai A14NET. Matsar da injin - 1364 cm3, iko - 1490 hp. matsakaicin gudun - 202 km / h.
Turbocharger yana taimaka wa injin sauƙi jimre wa tuki a kan hanyoyin kowane rikitarwa da tsari. Idan aka kwatanta da kowane injin lita biyu, ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin gaske. Abin mamaki ne cewa mai zanen ya sanya turbine a kan injin irin wannan ƙaramin ƙara. Amma sun yi zato sosai, tunda motar ta zama mai nasara sosai. Bayan farko a 2010, nan da nan ya shiga cikin jerin ga dama iri Opel motoci - Astra J da GTC, Zafira, Meriva, Mocca, Chevrolet Cruise.
Kyakkyawan samo shine shigar da sarkar lokaci. Yana kama da abin dogara fiye da bel. Saboda shigar da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa lifters, da bukatar akai-akai daidaita bawul aka kawar. Canjin lokacin bawul ɗin ana sarrafa shi ta tsarin DCVCP. Turbine A14NET yana da siffofi na musamman guda uku:
- aminci;
- riba;
- kananan masu girma dabam.
“Kwararrun” sun haɗa da zaɓi na musamman na naúrar zuwa ingancin man da ake zubawa.
Bai kamata a yi lodin ingin da yawa yayin tuƙi ba. Ba a ƙera shi don tura iyakar gudu da cimma babban gudu ba, kamar A16XHT, ko A16LET. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don tuƙi shine tuki na tattalin arziki a matsakaicin matsakaici. Yawan man fetur ba zai wuce lita 5,5 ba. a kan babbar hanya, da 9,0 lita. akan hanyar birni. Dangane da duk buƙatun da aka bayyana na masana'anta, wannan injin zai haifar da ƙaramin matsala ga mai aiki.
