Injin Mitsubishi 4n14
Abubuwa
Nakasasshiyar sigar da aka kwafi daga injinan dizal na Turai, wanda aka girka akan motar daukar kaya ta L200 shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Wannan inji ne mai injectors na piezo da turbine mai jujjuyawa.
Mahimman Bayani
Injin 4n14 shine dizal da yawancin masu ababen hawa na Rasha suka fi so don kare lafiyar tattalin arziki. Duk da haka, ba a ga wani buri a kan sabuwar tashar wutar lantarki, tun da injin yana da laushi da kuma kula da mummunan man fetur. Kuma abin da ke can ya zama abin mamaki - dukan tsarin an daidaita shi zuwa ka'idodin Euro-5 na zamani. Sakamakon ya kasance injina mai rikitarwa, wanda ba a iya faɗi ba wanda ba zai yuwu ya dawwama ba tare da gyara alamar kilomita 100 ba.
A yau ya zama al'ada don samar da injuna waɗanda kawai masu sheki da tattalin arziki. A zahiri, bayan lokacin garanti, yana da wahala da tsada sosai don gyara ko sarrafa su. Wane irin aminci muke magana akai?
Bugu da ƙari, saboda sabon salon, ana haɗa watsawa ta atomatik mai sauri 8 tare da injin. Ka yi tunani game da shi, 8 gudu - me ya sa haka da yawa? Yana ƙulla ɓarna, wasu nau'ikan kayan masarufi na China. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, 'yan ɗari ɗari ba su da yawa a tsakanin watsawa ta atomatik da sauri, kuma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne.
Ya bayyana cewa 4n14 mota ce mai wuyar gaske, mai rikitarwa, tsada kuma mara inganci? Ee, motocin da aka sanye da su za su rasa ƙima sosai bayan kowane garanti na gaba. Har ila yau, man dizal ɗinmu, Rashanci, wanda ke kashe injunan Japan mafi ƙarfi - 4d56, 4m40.
Технические характеристики
| Matsayin injin, mai siffar sukari cm | 2267 |
| Matsakaicin iko, h.p. | 148 |
| Matsakaicin karfin juzu'i, N * m (kg * m) a rpm. | 360(37)/2750 |
| An yi amfani da mai | Man dizal |
| Amfanin mai, l / 100 km | 7.7 |
| nau'in injin | a cikin layi, 4-silinda, DOHC |
| Ara bayanin injiniya | Jirgin Ruwa |
| Fitowar CO2 a cikin g / km | 199 |
| Silinda diamita, mm | 86 |
| Yawan bawul a kowane silinda | 4 |
| Matsakaicin iko, h.p. (kW) a rpm | 148(109)/3500 |
| Hanyar don sauya girman silinda | babu |
| Supercharger | Baturke |
| Tsarin farawa | babu |
| Matsakaicin matsawa | 14.9 |
| Bugun jini, mm | 97.6 |
| Cars | Dalika, L200 |
Matsalolin
Injin 4n14 sabo ne, don haka har yanzu bai sami sake dubawa da yawa ba. Duk da haka, ya riga ya yiwu a zana wasu shawarwari ta hanyar nazarin fasalin ƙirarsa.
- Ana ɗaukar injectors na Piezo a matsayin sabbin fasahohi waɗanda suka shiga cikin duniyar injina cikin sauri. Suna aiki sau 4 cikin sauri fiye da daidaitattun na'urorin lantarki, amma suna kasawa da sauri.
Diesel piezo injector - Turbine tare da m geometry an rufe shi da soot da sauri, cunkoso yayin aiki.
- EGR bawul - da wuya ya kai kilomita dubu 50 na abin hawa. Flushing da bawul bayan 15 dubu km bada shawarar da manufacturer.
- Maivek - tsarin almara na Mitsubishi na matakan daidaitacce yana aiki da kyau a yanzu kawai, a halin yanzu. Bayan haka, ana buƙatar ƙwararrun sa baki a cikin lokaci.
- Rail gama gari tsari ne mai tsada tare da nozzles sarrafawa ta hanyar lantarki. A ka'ida, sabon karni, amma a gefe guda, ma'auni na injector ya dubi mafi sauƙi kuma mafi aminci.
- Sarkar lokacin da aka rigaya akan sabon injin 4m41 ya bayyana a fili cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an kara yin muni da muni. Albarkatun kilomita dubu 70 don tuƙin ƙarfe, kun ga, da kyau, ba shi da ƙarfi sosai! Har ila yau, dole ne a cire injin lokacin da ake maye gurbin, don haka me yasa basu sanya bel nan da nan ba.
- Fitar da aka haɗa tare da masu haɓakawa ko ta yaya ba su da ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin cewa tabbas ba zai daɗe ba.
Piezo allura
Yana da kyau kuma daidai ya ce: abin da ke da kyau ga injiniya ba shi da kyau ga maƙala. Wannan shi ne kawai game da injectors na piezo, wanda gyaran su ya zama ainihin abin tsoro ga masu gyaran mota. A yau, ana ƙara yin amfani da allurar piezo a tsarin Rail Common akan injunan diesel. Masu zanen kaya da suka yi amfani da kayan aikin fasaha na zamani ne ke tura su don daidaita injin konewa na ciki. Amma makanikai da masu motoci suna ƙarewa da tarin matsalolin kuɗi da fasaha waɗanda ke da wahalar warwarewa.
Maimakon magnetin lantarki mai motsi mai motsi, piezo injector yana da wani abu na musamman a cikin nau'i na ginshiƙi mai murabba'i. A wasu kalmomi, wannan saitin faranti ne na yumbura da aka tara a saman juna kuma an sayar da su, wanda, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar halin yanzu, tasirin piezoelectric yana faruwa. Tsarin injector piezo yana da duniya, yana iya canza tsayinsa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, don haka yana aiki akan bawul ɗin sarrafawa. Idan aka kwatanta da injector na al'ada, wannan karuwa ne a cikin saurin amsawa ta 0,4 ms, ƙarfin da ya fi girma akan bawul da kuma mafi girman daidaito na yanke kayan samar da man fetur. A cikin kalma, a ka'idar kawai ƙari ɗaya kawai.
Yanzu ga fursunoni. Daga ra'ayi na sabis, babban matsalar piezo injectors shine babban rikitarwa na gyaran su. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke mayar da martani ga ɗan ƙaramin tabarbarewar ingancin man dizal. Zuba mai mai kyau akai-akai tare da babban matakin tsarkakewa a tashoshin gas a Rasha ba gaskiya bane kawai, saboda haka, bayan kilomita dubu biyu, ana gyara motoci masu irin wannan tsarin.
Ana kuma yin la'akari da duk zaɓin maye gurbin. Amma a nan ma, babu wani abu mai kyau ga Rashawa - sababbin injectors piezo suna da tsada sosai. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa a cikin tsarin injector piezo ita ce bawul mai sarrafawa, wanda rashin nasararsa ke barazanar lalata dukkanin injector.
Sauyawar yanayin geometry
Bambanci tsakanin injin turbine na al'ada da bambance-bambancen tare da ma'auni mai ma'ana shine, idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya, ana canza sashe a mashigar dabaran anan. Anyi wannan don kawai dalilin ƙara ƙarfin injin turbin don wani nauyin da aka ba shi.
Inji mai irin wannan turbine yana da matsi sosai. Babban caji ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar tuƙi, mai sarrafa iska da motar motsa jiki.
A bisa ƙa'ida, ana ɗaukar turbine mai ɗorewa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun tsarin turbocharging a cikin matsayi. Ya fi tagwaye, turbo da turbine guda ɗaya, kusan yana da kyau kamar injin injin lantarki da madaidaicin tagwaye. Amma, kuma, ingancin man dizal ya zo na farko - ƙarancin man fetur da sauri ya lalata irin wannan turbine.
Musamman tace
An dade ana sanya sinadarin akan injinan dizal. An ƙera shi don tsaftace yanayin wuce gona da iri, wanda ke da yawan man dizal. Shigar da tacewa a kan Mitsubishi 4n14 kamar girmamawa ne ga masana muhalli, domin su ne suka fito da wannan hanyar.
A haƙiƙa, tacewa particulate shine maye gurbin mai kara kuzari ko ƙari. Yana da wani raba naúrar da aka sanya bayan mai kara kuzari ko hade da shi - kamar yadda a kan 4n14 da Volkswagen injuna.
Babu shakka, daga mummunan man fetur, tacewar da za ta yi sauri ta toshe, wanda zai haifar da shinge mai ma'ana ga iskar gas kuma ya rage karfin injin.
Bidiyo: Binciken Delica tare da injin dizal
Ƙarshe game da injin 4n14: sabo, ci gaba da fasaha, ya dace da ka'idodin Euro-5. Amma yana da wuya a kira shi abin dogara, mai kiyayewa da arha.
