Injin mai amfani da man fetur - bayanai. Kiran Aljani tun Shekaru 150 da suka gabata
Shin bayani zai iya zama tushen kuzari? Masu bincike a Jami'ar Simon Fraser da ke Kanada sun ƙera injin mai sauri wanda suke da'awar "yana aiki akan bayanai." A ra'ayinsu, wannan wani ci gaba ne na neman sabbin nau'ikan man fetur.
An buga sakamakon bincike a kan wannan batu a cikin Ƙaddamarwar Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa (PNAS). A cikin wannan labarin, za mu koyi yadda masana kimiyya sun mai da motsin kwayoyin halitta zuwa makamashi da aka adanasannan a yi amfani da shi wajen sarrafa na'urar.
Tunanin irin wannan tsarin, wanda a kallo na farko da alama ya saba wa dokokin kimiyyar lissafi, wani masanin kimiyyar Scotland ne ya fara gabatar da shi a cikin 1867. Gwajin tunani da aka fi sani da "aljanin Maxwell" wata na'ura ce ta hasashe da wasu ke ganin zata iya ba da damar wani abu kamar na'urar motsi na dindindin, ko kuma a wata ma'ana, ta nuna abin da zai iya karye. na biyu ka'idar thermodynamics magana game da karuwa a cikin entropy a cikin yanayi.
wanda zai sarrafa budewa da rufe wata karamar kofa tsakanin dakunan gas guda biyu. Manufar aljanin shine ya aika da iskar gas mai sauri zuwa cikin ɗaki ɗaya kuma jinkirin motsi zuwa wani. Don haka, ɗayan ɗakin zai zama mai dumi (wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin sauri) kuma ɗayan zai fi sanyi. Aljanin zai haifar da tsari mai tsari da tarin kuzari fiye da wanda ya fara da shi ba tare da kashe wani makamashi ba, watau zai iya samun raguwar entropy.
1. Tsarin injin bayanai
Duk da haka, aikin masanin kimiyyar Hungarian Leo Sillard daga 1929 zuwa aljan Maxwell ya nuna cewa gwajin tunani bai saba wa ka'idar thermodynamics ta biyu ba. Aljanin, in ji Szilard, dole ne ya kira wani adadin kuzari domin ya gano ko kwayoyin suna da zafi ko sanyi.
Yanzu masana kimiyya daga jami'ar Kanada sun gina tsarin da ke aiki akan ra'ayin gwajin tunanin Maxwell, yana mai da bayanai zuwa "aiki". Tsarin su ya haɗa da samfurin ƙwayar da aka nutsar da shi a cikin ruwa kuma an haɗa shi da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, wanda aka haɗa zuwa mataki, wanda za'a iya motsa shi sama.
Masana kimiyya sun dauki wani matsayi aljan Maxwell, Kallon barbashi yana motsawa sama ko ƙasa saboda motsin thermal, sannan kuma motsa wurin sama idan barbashi ya tashi sama ba da gangan ba. Idan ya billa, suna jira. Kamar yadda daya daga cikin masu binciken, Tushar Saha, ya bayyana a cikin littafin, "wannan ya ƙare har ya ɗaga dukkan tsarin (watau karuwa a cikin makamashi na gravitational - ed bayanin kula) ta amfani da bayanai kawai game da matsayi na barbashi" (1).
2. Injin bayanai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje
Babu shakka, ɓangarorin farko sun yi ƙanƙanta don mannewa da bazara, don haka ainihin tsarin (2) yana amfani da kayan aiki da aka sani da tarko na gani - tare da Laser don amfani da wani ƙarfi ga barbashi wanda ke kwatanta ƙarfin da ke aiki akan bazara.
Ta hanyar maimaita tsari ba tare da jawo barbashi kai tsaye ba, barbashin ya tashi zuwa "mafi girma", yana tara adadin kuzari mai yawa. Akalla, abin da marubutan gwajin suka ce ke nan. Adadin kuzarin da wannan tsarin ke samarwa ya kasance "kwatankwacin injinan kwayoyin halitta a cikin sel masu rai" kuma "kwatankwacin kwayan kwayan cuta masu saurin tafiya," wani memba na kungiyar ya bayyana. Yannick Erich.
