Dornier Do 217 da dare da kuma a teku, Sashe na 3

Sabbin jiragen dai ba su tada hankali ba, matukan jirgin sun soki tashin tashina da saukar mayaƙan da suka yi yawa. Wurin tanadin wuta kaɗan ya sa ba zai yiwu a yi ƙwaƙƙwaran motsi a cikin iska ba kuma yana iyakance ƙimar hawan da hanzari. Babban nauyin da ke kan shimfidar wuri ya rage mahimmancin motsa jiki a cikin iska.

A lokacin rani na 1942, har zuwa 217 J su ma sun fara hidima a I., II. da IV./NJG 3, inda suka ba da kayan aiki ga kowane squadrons. An kuma aika da waɗannan injunan zuwa sashin horar da yaƙi NJG 101, wanda ke aiki daga ƙasar Hungary.

Domin Do 217 J, saboda girmansa, ya kasance kyakkyawan tushe don hawa igwa guda huɗu ko ma shida 151 mm MG 20/20 a cikin fuselage na baturi, kamar Schräge Musik, i.e. bindigogi suna harbi sama a kusurwar 65-70 ° a cikin hanyar jirgin, a cikin Satumba 1942 samfurin farko Do 217 J-1, W.Nr. 1364 da irin wadannan makamai. An yi nasarar gwada na'urar har zuwa farkon 1943 a III./NJG 3. Samfuran jiragen sama sanye da makamai na Schräge Musik an sanya su Do 217 J-1/U2. Wadannan jiragen sun ci nasarar farko ta sama a kan Berlin a watan Mayun 1943. Da farko dai, motocin sun je don ba da kayan aiki 3./NJG 3, sannan zuwa Stab IV./NJG 2, 6./NJG 4 da NJG 100 da 101.

A tsakiyar 1943, sabon gyare-gyare na Do 217 H-1 da H-2 mayakan sun isa a gaba. Wadannan jiragen suna dauke da injunan layi na DB 603. An isar da jiragen zuwa NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100 da NJG 101. A ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1943, har zuwa 217 J/N sun shiga ayyukan yau da kullun a kan maharan injiniyoyi hudu na Amurka. a Schweinfurt da Messerschmitt jirgin sama factory a Regensburg. Ma'aikatan NJG 101 sun harbe B-17 guda uku yayin harin gaba, da Fw. Becker na I./NJG 6 ya harbo bam na hudu iri daya.

Jiragen sama daga NJG 100 da 101 suma sun yi aiki a Gabashin Gabas da Soviet R-5 da Po-2 na dare. A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1944, 4./NJG 100 jirgin sama ya harbo bama-bamai masu dogon zango shida na Il-4.

A cikin Satumba da Oktoba 1942, Italiya ta sayi Do 217 J-1 guda huɗu kuma sun shiga sabis tare da 235th CN Squadron na 60th CN Group da ke zaune a Lonate Pozzolo Airport. A cikin Fabrairu 1943, Do 217 J guda biyu sanye da kayan aikin radar an kai su Italiya, da ƙari biyar a cikin watanni uku masu zuwa.

Nasarar iska daya tilo ita ce ta Italian Do 217s a daren 16/17 ga Yuli 1943, lokacin da wasu bama-bamai na Biritaniya suka kai hari a tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Chiislado. Murfi. Aramis Ammannato dai ya yi harbin kan mai uwa da wabi a Lancaster, wanda ya fado kusa da kauyen Vigevano. Ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1943, Italiyanci suna da 11 Do 217 Js, biyar daga cikinsu suna shirye don yaki. Gabaɗaya, jiragen saman Italiya sun yi amfani da injina 12 na irin wannan.

A cikin bazara na 1943, II./KG 100, wanda ke aiki daga filin jirgin saman Kalamaki a Athens kusan shekara guda, an janye shi daga ayyukan yaƙi, kuma an tura ma'aikatansa zuwa sansanin Harz da ke tsibirin Usedom, inda za a mayar da squadron. sake samar da jirgin sama na Do 217 E-5. A lokaci guda, a filin jirgin saman Schwäbisch Hall, bisa ga ma'aikatan KGR. An sake fasalin 21 a matsayin III./KG 100, wanda za a sanye shi da Do 217 K-2.

Za a horar da 'yan wasan biyu kuma su zama na farko a cikin Luftwaffe da za a yi amfani da su da sabbin bama-bamai na PC 1400 X da Hs 293. Silinda mai nauyin kilogiram 1400. A ciki akwai gyroscopes guda biyu (kowanne yana jujjuya a gudun 1400 rpm) da na'urorin sarrafawa. An haɗe wutsiya dodecahedral zuwa silinda. Tsawon balloon tare da plumage ya kasance 120 m. An haɗa ƙarin masu daidaitawa a jikin bam a cikin nau'i na fuka-fuki na trapezoidal guda hudu tare da tsawon 29 m.

A cikin sashin wutsiya, a cikin magudanar ruwa, akwai na'urori guda biyar waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin taimakon gani lokacin da ake nufar bam a kan wani hari. Za a iya zaɓar launi na masu binciken ta yadda za a iya bambanta bama-bamai da yawa a cikin iska lokacin da fashewar bam ke kai hari a lokaci guda.

An jefa bam ɗin PC 1400 X daga tsayin mita 4000-7000. A matakin farko na jirgin, bam ɗin ya faɗi tare da yanayin ballistic. A lokaci guda kuma jirgin ya rage gudu ya fara hawa, yana rage kurakurai da parallax ke haifarwa. Kimanin dakika 15 bayan fitowar bam din, mai sa ido ya fara sarrafa jirginsa, yana kokarin kawo na'urar gano bam din da ake gani a inda aka nufa. Ma'aikacin yana sarrafa bam ɗin ta hanyar amfani da igiyoyin rediyo ta lever.

Kayan aikin rediyo, suna aiki a cikin kewayon mitar kusa da 50 MHz akan tashoshi daban-daban 18, sun haɗa da mai watsa FuG 203 Kehl da ke kan jirgin da mai karɓar FuG 230 Straßburg dake cikin ɓangaren wutsiya na bam. Tsarin sarrafawa ya sa ya yiwu a daidaita sakin bam ta hanyar +/- 800 m a cikin hanyar jirgin da +/- 400 m a duka kwatance. An yi ƙoƙarin sauka na farko a Peenemünde ta hanyar amfani da Heinkel He 111, da kuma waɗanda suka biyo baya, a cikin bazara na 1942, a sansanin Foggia a Italiya. Gwaje-gwajen sun yi nasara, inda suka kai kashi 50% na yiwuwar bugun maƙasudin 5 x 5 m lokacin da aka faɗo daga tsayin 4000 zuwa 7000. Gudun bam ya kasance kusan 1000 km / h. RLM ta ba da oda don 1000 Fritz Xs. Saboda jinkirin da canje-canje ga tsarin sarrafa bam ya haifar, ba a fara samar da jerin abubuwa ba sai Afrilu 1943.

Prof. Dr. A karshen shekarun 30, Herbert Wegner, wanda ya yi aiki a masana'antar Henschel da ke Berlin-Schönefeld, ya fara sha'awar yiwuwar kera makami mai linzami mai shiryarwa wanda za a iya jefa shi daga wani maharin da bai kai ga kai harin ba. jiragen ruwa. An tsara zayyana ne akan bam mai nauyin kilogiram 500 SC 500, wanda ya hada da kilogiram 325 na bama-bamai, wanda jikin nasa yana gaban rokar, kuma a bangarensa na baya akwai na’urorin rediyo, gyrocompass da na’urar wutsiya. An haɗa fuka-fukan trapezoidal tare da tsawon 3,14 m zuwa tsakiyar ɓangaren fuselage.

An saka injin roka mai suna Walter HWK 109-507 ruwa mai motsi a ƙarƙashin fuselage, wanda ya haɓaka roka ɗin zuwa gudun kilomita 950 a cikin s 10. Matsakaicin lokacin aikin injin ya kai s 12, bayan aikinsa roka ya kasance. wanda ya rikide ya zama bam mai yawo da umarnin rediyo ke sarrafawa.

Gwajin farko na tashin bam, mai suna Henschel Hs 293, an yi shi ne a watan Fabrairun 1940 a Karlshagen. Jirgin na Hs 293 yana da ƙarancin kisa fiye da Fritz X, amma bayan an fado shi daga tsayin mita 8000, zai iya tashi har zuwa kilomita 16. Kayan aikin sarrafawa sun haɗa da mai watsa rediyo na FuG 203 b Kehl III da mai karɓar FuG 230 b Straßburg. An gudanar da sarrafawa ta hanyar amfani da lever a cikin kokfit. An sami sauƙaƙa yin niyya ta hanyar gano abin da aka sanya a cikin wutsiyar bam ɗin ko kuma ta hanyar walƙiya da aka yi amfani da shi da dare.

A lokacin horon na watanni uku, ma’aikatan sun kware da sabbin na’urori, kamar jirgin sama na Do 217, da kuma shirya yadda za a yi yaki da bama-bamai. Kwas din ya kunshi jirage masu dogon zango, da tashi da saukar jiragen sama da kaya mai cike da kaya, watau. bam da aka shirya a ƙarƙashin reshe ɗaya da ƙarin tanki 900 l ƙarƙashin ɗayan reshe. Kowane ma'aikatan jirgin sun yi jirage da yawa na dare da marasa tushe. An kara horar da masu sa ido kan yadda ake amfani da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa hanyar tashin bam, da farko a na'urar kwaikwayo ta kasa sannan kuma a cikin iska ta hanyar amfani da bama-bamai da aka sauke.

Har ila yau, ma'aikatan sun yi wani kwas na jirgin ruwa a sararin samaniya, jami'an Kriegsmarine sun gabatar da matukan jirgin zuwa dabarun sojan ruwa kuma sun koyi sanin nau'o'in jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa daga iska. Matukin jirgin sun kuma ziyarci jiragen ruwa na Kriegsmarine da yawa don koyo game da rayuwar da ke cikin jirgin kuma su ga wa kansu kurakuran ƙira. Wani ƙarin abu na horarwa shine yanayin hali lokacin sauka akan ruwa da dabarun tsira a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Saukowa da saukowa na pontoon mai kujeru daya da hudu a cikin cikakkun kayan aikin jiragen sama an yi aiki da abin kyama. An yi amfani da jirgin ruwa da aiki tare da mai watsawa.

Horarwa mai zurfi ba tare da asarar rayuka ba, jiragen biyu na farko da ma'aikatansu sun rasa a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1943. Degler ya fadi a nisan mita 1700 daga filin jirgin saman Harz saboda gazawar injin da ya dace Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. Ma'aikatan jirgin 5611 sun mutu, kuma Lt. Hable ya fado a Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. 5650, 6N + LP, kusa da Kutsov, 5 km daga filin jirgin saman Harz. Har ila yau, a wannan yanayin, dukkan ma'aikatan jirgin sun mutu a cikin tarkacen wuta. A karshen atisayen, wasu jiragen guda uku sun yi hatsari, inda suka kashe cikakkun ma'aikatan jirgin biyu da matukin jirgin na uku.

Masu bama-bamai na Do 217 E-5, waɗanda ke cikin kayan aikin II./KG 100, sun karɓi ETC 2000 ejectors ƙarƙashin kowane reshe, a waje da injin nacelles, wanda aka tsara don shigar da bama-bamai Hs 293 ko bam na Hs 293 guda ɗaya da ƙari ɗaya. tanki mai karfin 900 l . Jiragen da ke dauke da makamai ta wannan hanya na iya kaiwa abokan gaba hari daga nesa mai nisan kilomita 800 ko 1100. Idan ba a gano abin da aka nufa ba, jirgin zai iya sauka da bama-baman Hs 293.

Tun da Fritz X bama-bamai dole ne a jefar da su daga wani wuri mafi girma, an sanye su da Do 217 K-2 jirgin sama na III./KG 100. Masu bama-bamai sun karbi ejectors guda biyu ETC 2000 da aka sanya a karkashin fuka-fuki tsakanin fuselage da injin nacelle. Dangane da rataye bam din Fritz X guda daya, harin ya kai kilomita 1100, tare da bama-baman Fritz X guda biyu an rage shi zuwa kilomita 800.

Ana iya aiwatar da ayyukan yaƙi da bama-bamai iri-iri biyu ta hanyar amfani da filayen saukar jiragen sama masu ƙarfi da kuma titin jirgin sama mafi ƙarancin tsayin mita 1400. Shirye-shiryen jirgin da kansa ya ɗauki lokaci mai yawa fiye da yadda ake haɗa jirgin da bama-bamai na gargajiya. Ba za a iya ajiye bama-bamai da ke shawagi a waje ba, don haka an dakatar da su kafin kaddamar da kanta. Sannan sai an duba aikin rediyo da controls, wanda yawanci yakan dauki akalla mintuna 20. Jimlar lokacin shirya ƴan wasan da za su tashi daga jirgin kusan sa'o'i uku ne, idan aka kwatanta da sa'o'i shida.

Rashin isassun bama-bamai ya tilasta wa ma'aikatan jirgin takaita amfani da bama-bamai na Fritz X don kai hari kan jiragen ruwan abokan gaba da ke dauke da makamai, da kuma masu jigilar jiragen sama da manyan jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. Ya kamata a yi amfani da Hs 293 a kan duk wani hari na biyu, gami da jiragen ruwa masu haske.

Amfani da bama-bamai na PC 1400 X ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, saboda bam ɗin dole ne ya kasance a bayyane ga mai kallo a duk lokacin jirgin. Mafi kyawun yanayi shine ganuwa sama da kilomita 20. Gizagizai da ke sama da 3/10 da tushen girgije da ke ƙasa da 4500 m ba su yarda da amfani da bama-bamai na Fritz X. A cikin yanayin Hs 293, yanayin yanayi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Tushen girgije dole ne ya kasance sama da 500 m kuma dole ne maƙasudin su kasance a gani.

Karamin naúrar dabara don kai hare-hare tare da bama-bamai na PC 1400 X shine ya zama rukuni na jiragen sama guda uku, a cikin yanayin Hs 293 wannan na iya zama nau'i biyu ko bam guda ɗaya.

A ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1943, sojojin kawance sun kaddamar da Operation Husky, wato, sauka a Sicily. Babban rukuni na jiragen ruwa a kusa da tsibirin ya zama babban burin Luftwaffe. A maraice na 21 Yuli 1943, Do 217 K-2s uku daga III./KG 100 sun jefa bam na PC 1400 X guda ɗaya a tashar jiragen ruwa na Augusta a Sicily. Bayan kwana biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuli, maɓalli Do 217 K-2 sun kai hari kan jiragen ruwa daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Syracuse. Kamar Fv. Stumptner III./KG 100:

Babban kwamanda wani irin laftanar ne, ban tuna sunansa na karshe ba, lamba biyu fv. Stumptner, lamba uku Uffz. Meyer. Mun riga mun tunkari mashigin Messina, sai muka ga wasu jiragen ruwa guda biyu suna taho-mu-gama a wani wurin da ke da tsayin mita 8000. Abin takaici, kwamandan makullin mu bai lura da su ba. A wannan lokacin, ba a ga murfin farauta ko harbin bindigar jirage ba. Babu wanda ya dame mu. A halin yanzu, dole ne mu juya mu fara ƙoƙari na biyu. A halin yanzu, an lura da mu. Manyan bindigogin yaki da jiragen sama sun amsa, kuma ba mu sake fara kai farmakin ba, domin da alama kwamandan namu bai ga jiragen ruwa a wannan karon ba.

Ana cikin haka, gutsuttsura da yawa sun yi karo da fatar motarmu.