Rukunan amfani da Regia Aeronautica

Rukunan amfani da Regia Aeronautica. Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 shine ainihin jirgin bama-bamai da sufuri na jirgin saman sojan Italiya na 1935s. An gina raka'a 1938 tsakanin 535-1936. An yi gwajin gwagwarmaya a lokacin yakin basasar Spain (1939-XNUMX).

Baya ga Amurka, Burtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet, Italiya kuma ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban ka'idar amfani da jiragen sama na yaki. Janar Giulio Douhet na Italiya ne ya aza harsashi don haɓaka ayyukan jiragen sama masu mahimmanci, masu ra'ayin dabarun dabarun Douhet a Burtaniya, kamar kwamandan Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Sojan Sama na Royal Air Force, Brig. Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt ne. Har ila yau, aikin Douhet yana da wani tasiri a kan ci gaban koyaswar Amurka na dabarun gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, ko da yake Amirkawa suna da nasu fitaccen masanin ka'idar - William "Billy" Mitchell. Duk da haka, Italiyanci da kansu ba su bi hanyar amfani da ka'idar Douhet don ƙirƙirar nasu koyaswar amfani ba. Kamfanin Regia Aeronautica ya yarda da shawarar koyarwar da Kanar Amadeo Mecozzi, wani jami'in da ke ƙarami Douhet ya gabatar, wanda ya jaddada dabarun amfani da wutar lantarki, musamman.

don tallafawa sojoji da na ruwa.

Ayyukan ka'idar Giulio Douhet suna wakiltar ka'idar farko a cikin tarihin amfani da sojojin sama a cikin dabarun dabarun, masu zaman kansu daga sauran sassan sojojin. A cikin sahunsa, musamman ma, rundunar sojan bama-bamai ta Birtaniyya ta bi ta, inda ta kai hare-hare a garuruwan Jamus, ta yi kokarin gurgunta tunanin al'ummar Jamus, da kuma kai ga warware yakin duniya na biyu, kamar yadda aka yi a yakin duniya na baya. Har ila yau, Amirkawa sun yi ƙoƙarin karya injinan yaƙin Jamus ta hanyar jefa bama-bamai a cibiyoyin masana'antu na Rasha ta Uku. Daga baya, a wannan karon tare da babban nasara, an yi ƙoƙarin maimaita abu ɗaya da Japan. A cikin USSR, ka'idar Douhet ta samo asali ne daga masanin ka'idar Soviet Alexander Nikolaevich Lapchinsky (1882-1938) kafin ta fada cikin ta'addancin Stalin.

Douay da ayyukansa

An haifi Giulio Due a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1869 a Caserta, kusa da Naples, a cikin dangin wani jami'i da malami. Ya shiga Kwalejin Soja ta Genoese tun yana karami kuma a shekara ta 1888, yana dan shekara 19, an kara masa girma zuwa mukaddashi na biyu a rukunin manyan bindigogi. Ya riga ya zama jami'in, ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Polytechnic ta Turin, inda ya sami lakabin injiniya. Ya kasance jami'i mai hazaka, kuma a cikin 1900, tare da matsayi na kyaftin, G. Douhet an nada shi a Babban Hafsan Soja.

Douhet ya fara sha'awar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a cikin 1905, lokacin da Italiya ta sami jirgin sama na farko. Jirgin saman Italiya na farko ya tashi a cikin 1908, wanda ya kara yawan sha'awar Douay game da sabbin damar da jiragen ke bayarwa. Shekaru biyu bayan haka ya rubuta: “Ba da daɗewa ba sammai za su zama fagen yaƙi mai muhimmanci kamar ƙasa da teku. (...) Ta hanyar samun karfin iska ne kawai za mu iya yin amfani da damar da ke ba mu damar iyakance 'yancin yin aiki na abokan gaba a saman duniya. Douhet ya dauki jirage a matsayin makami mai ban sha'awa dangane da jiragen ruwa, inda ya sha banban da maigidansa, Kanar Douhet. Maurizio Moris daga Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Sojojin Sama na Italiya.

Tun kafin shekarar 1914, Douhet ya yi kira da a samar da jiragen sama a matsayin reshe mai zaman kansa na rundunar soji, wanda matukin jirgin ya ba da umarni. A lokaci guda, a cikin wannan lokacin, Giulio Due ya zama abokantaka tare da Gianni Caproni, sanannen mai zanen jirgin sama kuma mai kamfanin jirgin sama na Caproni, wanda ya kafa a 1911.

A shekara ta 1911, Italiya ta yi yaƙi da Turkiyya don mamaye Libya. A lokacin wannan yakin, an yi amfani da jiragen sama don aikin soja a karon farko. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1911, Lieutenant Giulio Gravotta, ya yi amfani da jirgin Eltrich Taube na Jamus, ya jefa bama-bamai ta sama kan sojojin Turkiyya a yankin Zadar da Tachiura a karon farko. A cikin 1912, Douhet, wanda ya kasance babba a lokacin, an ba shi alhakin rubuta rahoto game da makomar ci gaban zirga-zirgar jiragen sama bisa kimanta kwarewar yakin Libya. A wancan lokacin, ra'ayin da aka fi sani shi ne cewa za a iya amfani da jiragen sama ne kawai don binciken sojojin kasa. Douhet ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da jirgin don bincike da yaƙi da sauran jiragen sama a cikin iska.

kuma don tayar da bam.

A cikin 1912, G. Douhet ya zama kwamandan bataliyar iska ta Italiya a Turin. Ba da dadewa ba, ya rubuta littafin jagorar jirgin sama, Dokokin Amfani da Jirgin sama a Yaƙi, wanda aka amince da shi, amma manyan Douhet sun hana shi amfani da kalmar "kayan soja" don nufin jirgin sama, ya maye gurbinsa da "kayan soja." "Tun daga wannan lokacin, kusan sabani na Douhet da manyansa ya fara, kuma ra'ayoyin Douhet ya fara zama "mai tsaurin ra'ayi."

A cikin Yuli 1914, Douhet ya kasance shugaban ma'aikata na Edolo Infantry Division. Bayan wata guda, Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya fara, amma Italiya ta kasance tsaka tsaki na ɗan lokaci. A cikin Disamba 1914, Douhet, wanda ya yi hasashen cewa yakin da aka fara zai kasance mai tsawo da tsada, ya rubuta wata kasida yana kira ga fadada ikon sararin samaniyar Italiya da fatan cewa zai taka rawar gani a cikin rikici na gaba. Tuni a cikin labarin da aka ambata, Douhet ya rubuta cewa samun fifikon iska shine samun damar kai hari daga iska duk wani bangare na kungiyar abokan gaba ba tare da haifar da asara mai tsanani ba. A cikin labarin na gaba, ya ba da shawarar samar da jiragen ruwan bama-bamai 500 don kai hari mafi mahimmanci, mafi yawan hare-hare a kan yankunan waje. Douhet ya rubuta cewa rundunar da aka ambata na masu tayar da bama-bamai za su iya jefa tan 125 na bama-bamai a kowace rana.

A cikin 1915, Italiya ta shiga yakin, wanda, kamar yadda yake a Yammacin Gabar Yamma, ba da daɗewa ba ya zama yakin basasa. Douhet ya soki Janar Janar na Italiya game da gudanar da yakin ta hanyar amfani da tsofaffin hanyoyin. Komawa cikin 1915, Douhet ya aika da wasiƙu da yawa zuwa ga Babban Ma'aikatan da ke ɗauke da zargi da shawarwari don canza dabarun. Ya ba da shawarar, alal misali, kai hare-hare ta sama a kan Qunstantinoful na Turkiyya domin tilastawa Turkiyya bude mashigar Dardanelles zuwa jiragen ruwa na Entente. Har ma ya aika wasiƙunsa zuwa ga Janar Luigi Cardona, kwamandan sojojin Italiya.