Menene turbocharger? Koyi game da yanayin aiki na turbocharger a cikin injin konewa na ciki

Sunan da kansa ya nuna cewa manufar turbine shine matsawa. Ana buƙatar iska don kunna man fetur, don haka turbocharger yana rinjayar daftarin iska da ke shiga ɗakin konewa. Menene ma'anar karuwar hawan iska? Godiya ga wannan, yana yiwuwa a ƙone babban adadin man fetur, wanda ke nufin ƙara ƙarfin injin. Amma ba wannan ba shine kawai aikin da injin turbin ke yi ba. Koyi game da turbochargers na mota!

Ta yaya ake shirya injin turbin?

Idan kana son fahimtar yadda injin turbin ke aiki, kana buƙatar sanin yadda yake aiki. Ya kasu kashi biyu mai suna:

• sanyi;
• zafi

Bangaren zafi ya ƙunshi injin turbine, wanda iskar iskar gas ke motsawa sakamakon konewar cakuɗen mai da iska. Ana ajiye abin da ake sakawa a cikin wani mahalli da ke manne da na'urar sharar injin. Gefen sanyi kuma ya ƙunshi na'urar motsa jiki da kuma gida wanda ake tilastawa iska daga matatar iska. Dukansu rotors ana sanya su a kan kwampreso guda ɗaya.

Pear a gefen sanyi shima muhimmin bangare ne. Sanda yana rufe bawul ɗin shayewa lokacin da aka kai matsakaicin haɓakawa.

Aiki na turbocharger a cikin motar konewa na ciki

Karkashin aikin bututun hayaki, rotor a gefen zafi yana haɓaka. A lokaci guda, na'ura mai juyi wanda yake a ɗayan ƙarshen ainihin an saita shi a cikin motsi. Madaidaicin injin turbocharger yana dogara gaba ɗaya akan ƙarfin iskar gas ɗin da ke shayewa, don haka mafi girman saurin injin, saurin jujjuyawar na'urori. A cikin sababbin ƙira, motsi na motsi na motsi na turbine yana tasiri. Matsakaicin ƙarfin haɓakawa zuwa saurin injin yana raguwa. Don haka, haɓaka ya riga ya bayyana a cikin ƙananan kewayon rev.

Turbocharger - ka'idar aiki da tasiri akan injin

Menene zai yiwu saboda gaskiyar cewa iska mai matsa lamba ya shiga ɗakin konewa? Kamar yadda ka sani, yawan iska, mafi yawan iskar oxygen. Ƙarshen a cikin kanta ba ya rinjayar karuwa a cikin ƙarfin naúrar, amma ƙari, mai kula da injin kuma yana ba da ƙarin adadin man fetur tare da kowane nau'i. Idan ba tare da iskar oxygen ba, ba za a iya ƙone shi ba. Don haka, turbocharger yana ƙara ƙarfi da ƙarfin injin.

Turbocharger - ta yaya yanayin sanyi yake aiki?

Daga ina wannan sunan ya fito? Ina jaddada cewa iskar da ke shiga ma'aunin shayarwa tana da sanyi (ko aƙalla sanyi fiye da iskar iskar gas). Da farko, masu zanen kaya sun sanya turbochargers kawai a cikin injuna waɗanda suka tilasta iska kai tsaye daga tacewa cikin ɗakin konewa. Duk da haka, an lura cewa yana zafi kuma ingancin na'urar yana raguwa. Saboda haka, dole ne in shigar da tsarin sanyaya da kuma intercooler.

Ta yaya intercooler ke aiki kuma me yasa aka shigar dashi?

An kera na’urar ta yadda iskar da ke ratsawa ta filayensa ta sanyaya iskar da aka yi masa allura. Makanikan gas ya tabbatar da cewa yawan iska ya dogara da zafin jiki. Mafi sanyi shine, yawan iskar oxygen ya ƙunshi. Don haka, ana iya tilasta ƙarin iska a cikin injin injin a lokaci guda, wanda ya zama dole don kunnawa. Daga masana'anta, yawanci ana ɗora na'urar sanyaya a cikin mashin ƙafar ƙafa ko a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ma'auni. Koyaya, an lura don ba da sakamako mafi kyau lokacin da aka sanya shi a gaban mai sanyaya ruwa.

Yaya turbocharger dizal yake aiki - shin ya bambanta?

A takaice - a'a. Dukansu injunan matsawa da wutar lantarki suna samar da iskar gas, don haka turbocharger a cikin man fetur, dizal, da injin gas yana aiki iri ɗaya. Duk da haka, gudanarwa na iya zama daban-daban ta amfani da:

• bawul ɗin wucewa;
• sarrafa injin (misali bawul N75);
• m matsayi na ruwan wukake. 

Hakanan kewayon jujjuyawar injin turbin a cikin injin da aka bayar na iya bambanta. A cikin dizal da ƙananan raka'o'in mai, ana iya jin haɓakar tun daga ƙananan rev kewayon. Tsofaffin nau'ikan motocin mai sau da yawa sun kai matsakaicin haɓaka a 3000 rpm.

Sabbin cajar motoci da kayan aikinsu a cikin motoci

Har zuwa kwanan nan, an tanadi amfani da turbocharger fiye da ɗaya akan kowane injin don injunan ayyuka masu girma kawai. Yanzu babu wani abu mai ban mamaki a cikin wannan, saboda tun kafin 2000, an samar da kayayyaki tare da turbines guda biyu don amfani da yawa (misali, Audi A6 C5 2.7 biturbo). Sau da yawa, manyan shuke-shuken konewa suna gina turbines guda biyu masu girma dabam dabam. Ɗayan su yana motsa injin ɗin a ƙasan rpm, ɗayan kuma yana ba da haɓakawa a mafi girman rpm har sai abin da ya ƙare.

Turbocharger babban ƙirƙira ne kuma ya cancanci kulawa. Ana sarrafa shi da man inji kuma yana buƙatar kulawa da kyau. Wannan yana da amfani ba kawai lokacin tuki da sauri ba, haɓakawa ko ƙara ƙarfi a cikin motar. Yana da matukar amfani. Kuna iya rage yawan amfani da man fetur (ba kwa buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin injin don samun ƙarin ƙarfi da inganci), kawar da hayaki (musamman dizel), da ƙara ƙarfi a lokaci mai mahimmanci (lokacin da aka samu, alal misali).