Menene tsarin rashin daidaito na abin hawa?
Abubuwa
Tsarin neutralization na abin hawa
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na muhalli don motocin zamani suna ƙara ƙarfi. Masu kera motoci ne kawai ke biyan Euro 5. Tare da shigar da karfi na Yuro 6. Tsarin tsaka tsaki. A matsayin mai canzawa, tacewar dizal da alluran mai sun zama tubalan ginin motar da babu makawa. Ana amfani da tsarin canza yanayin katalytic na zaɓi, wanda kuma ake kira rage yawan kuzari, don motocin dizal tun 2004. Tsarin tsaka-tsaki yana rage matakin nitrogen oxides a cikin iskar gas kuma don haka yana ba da izinin bin ka'idodin fitarwa na Yuro 5 da Yuro 6. An shigar da tsarin neutralization na abin hawa akan manyan motoci, motoci da bas. A halin yanzu, catalytic Converter tsarin ana amfani da Audi, BMW, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz da Volkswagen motocin.
Menene tsarin tsaka tsaki ya haɗa?
Sunan tsarin yana nuna cewa ana aiwatar da aikin bayan magani da aka zaɓa. Kawai abun ciki na nitrogen oxides yana raguwa. Don manufarsa, tsarin rage yawan kuzari shine madadin tsarin sake zagayowar iskar gas. A tsari, tsarin neutralization na zaɓaɓɓen catalytic ya haɗa da tanki, famfo, bututun ƙarfe, da mahaɗar inji. Mai kara kuzari na farfadowa, tsarin sarrafa lantarki da tsarin dumama. Neutralization na nitrogen oxides ana aiwatar da shi ta amfani da wakili mai ragewa, wanda shine maganin urea 32,5%. A wannan maida hankali, wurin daskarewa na maganin yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci. Maganin urea da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin yana da sunan kasuwanci Adblu. Wannan tafki ne na musamman da aka sanya a cikin manyan motoci da adana ruwan Adblu.
Abin da ke ƙayyade ƙarar tanki
Ƙirar da adadin tankuna an ƙaddara ta hanyar ƙirar tsarin da ƙarfin injin. Dangane da yanayin aiki, amfani da ruwa shine 2-4% na yawan man fetur. Ana amfani da famfo don samar da ruwa zuwa bututun ƙarfe a takamaiman matsi. Ana sarrafa ta ta hanyar lantarki kuma ana shigar da ita kai tsaye a cikin tankin na'urar. Ana amfani da nau'ikan famfo iri-iri don ɗaukar na'urar, kamar gears. Ana haɗa bawul ɗin solenoid mara dawowa a cikin layin shayewar tsarin neutralization. Lokacin da kuka kashe abin hawa, bawul ɗin injin yana ba da damar yin famfo urea daga layin baya zuwa tanki. Ƙunƙarar bututun ƙarfe yana shigar da wani adadin ruwa a cikin bututun mai. Bututun ƙarfe na gaba, wanda ke cikin bututun jagora, na'ura ce mai haɗawa da ke niƙa ɗigon ruwa mai fitar da ruwa. Wanne ke jujjuya iskar gas don ingantacciyar haɗuwa da urea.
Na'urar hana hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa
Bututun jagora yana ƙarewa tare da rage yawan kuzari wanda ke da tsarin saƙar zuma. Ganuwar mai kara kuzari an lullube shi da wani abu wanda ke hanzarta rage iskar nitrogen kamar su jan karfe zeolite da vanadium pentoxide. Tsarin sarrafa lantarki bisa ga al'ada ya haɗa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin shigarwa, sashin sarrafawa da masu kunnawa. Abubuwan shigar da tsarin sarrafawa sun haɗa da matsa lamba na ruwa, matakin ruwa da firikwensin urea. Nitric oxide firikwensin da firikwensin zafin iskar gas. Firikwensin matsa lamba na urea yana lura da matsa lamba da famfo ke samarwa. Firikwensin matakin urea yana lura da matakin urea a cikin tanki. Ana nuna bayanai game da matakin da buƙatar ɗaukar tsarin akan dashboard kuma tare da siginar sauti. Na'urar firikwensin zafin jiki yana auna zafin urea.
sarrafa injin
An shigar da firikwensin da aka jera a cikin tsarin don samar da ruwa zuwa tanki. Na'urar firikwensin nitrogen oxide yana gano abubuwan da ke cikin iskar nitrogen a cikin iskar gas ɗin da ke fitar da iskar gas bayan jujjuyawar kuzari. Saboda haka, dole ne a shigar da shi bayan dawo da mai kara kuzari. Firikwensin zafin jiki na iskar gas yana fara aiwatar da tsaka tsaki kai tsaye lokacin da iskar gas ɗin ya kai 200 ° C. Ana aika sigina daga na'urori masu auna sigina zuwa na'urar sarrafa lantarki, wanda shine sashin sarrafa injin. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun algorithm, ana kunna wasu masu kunnawa yayin sarrafa sashin sarrafawa. Motar famfo, injector electromagnetic, duba bawul ɗin solenoid. Hakanan ana aika sigina zuwa sashin kula da dumama.
Ka'idar aiki na tsarin neutralization na abin hawa
Maganin urea da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan tsarin yana da daskarewa a ƙasa -11 ° C kuma ana buƙatar dumama a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Ana yin aikin dumama urea ta hanyar wani tsari daban, wanda ya haɗa da na'urori masu auna zafin jiki da zafin jiki na waje. Ƙungiyar sarrafawa da abubuwan dumama. Dangane da tsarin tsarin, ana shigar da abubuwa masu zafi a cikin tanki, famfo da bututun mai. Ruwa mai zafi yana farawa lokacin da zafin jiki na yanayi ya kasance ƙasa -5 ° C. Zaɓin tsarin ragewa na catalytic yana aiki kamar haka. Ruwan da aka yi masa allura daga bututun ruwa yana kama shi ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, ya gauraye ya kwashe. A cikin sararin sama na mai kara kuzari, urea yana lalacewa zuwa ammonia da carbon dioxide. A cikin mai kara kuzari, ammonia yana amsawa da nitrogen oxides don samar da nitrogen da ruwa mara lahani.
