Menene sedan, nau'ikan da nau'ikan sanannen jikin mota

Idan akwai ra'ayi na mota na gargajiya, to dole ne ya kasance yana da nau'in nau'in sedan. Irin wannan tsari ya bazu cikin mamaki a cikin ƙasar da ake la'akari da mafi yawan motoci a duniya - Amurka, da kuma a nan a Rasha, inda yawancin motoci ke tasowa, duk da haka a cikin sauri, amma kwanan nan.

Asirin irin wannan shahararru, da gangan ba nau'in jiki mafi nasara da aiki ba, ya cancanci kulawa da hankali.

Me yasa ake kiran motar sedan

Bisa ga sassa daban-daban, kalmar tana da tushen Latin ko Faransanci. A cikin shari'ar farko, keɓancewar keɓancewar jiki ga jigilar fasinjoji yana nufin, tunda tushen kalmar yana nufin "zauna", wanda ke da alaƙa har ma da Rashanci.

Wannan shi ne sunan shimfiɗar fasinja a kan motsin ɗan adam, kuma sigar ta biyu tana nufin taron bita a birnin Sedan na Faransa.

Sunan ya samo asali kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi a ƙasashe da yawa, kodayake akwai madadin sunayen. Sedan ko Limousine. Babu hadin kai a cikin kalmomi.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin sedan da wagon tasha, hatchback da coupe

Babban fasalin da ke tattare da sedans shine kasancewar ma'anar jiki mai girma uku a sarari. Kashi na farko an kebe shi ne don na’urar wutar lantarki, na biyu kuma yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin fasinja, na uku kuma an yi shi ne don kaya na musamman, wanda ke raba shi da fasinjoji ta hanyar da ba za a iya shiga ba.

Matsakaicin ƙwarewa na sedans don jigilar fasinjoji yana ƙayyade manyan fa'idodin irin waɗannan jikin:

• rabuwa da kaya daga fasinjoji ta wani babban babban kanti yana ƙaruwa da jin daɗi, sauti da ƙamshi daga gangar jikin ba sa shiga cikin ɗakin;
• iyakance ƙarar ɗakin gida kawai ta hanyar saukakawa fasinjoji kuma babu wani abu da zai ba ku damar tsara ciki yadda ya kamata da samar da microclimate da aka ba, sau da yawa Multi-zone, dabam ga kowane;
• yana da sauƙi don ƙirƙirar firam ɗin jiki mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da tasiri mai amfani akan sarrafawa;
• Ana tabbatar da amincin fasinja ta wurin mahimman wuraren da ke ɗaukar kuzari na sashin injin da gangar jikin.

Koyaushe dole ne ku biya don ta'aziyya, don haka akwai kuma rashin amfani a cikin wannan tsari dangane da sauran shahararrun ƙungiyoyi:

• Kamawa yana da ƙananan girma fiye da sedan, wanda ya haifar da shahararsa a cikin birane;
• Wagon tare da ma'auni iri ɗaya, yana iya ɗaukar kaya da yawa godiya ga babban tsari a wurin da girman sedan ya iyakance ta murfin akwati da ke ƙasa da taga ta baya;
• Ma'aurata yana da mafi kyawun aikin aerodynamic saboda taga na baya da aka cika da yawa, wanda ke kawo jiki kusa da siffa mai kyau;
• Duk jikin, Sai dai na sedan, suna da mafi kyawun ma'auni dangane da nauyin nauyi, wani lokacin cikakke, kamar hatchback, wani lokaci dangane da nauyin kaya (wagon tashar), kuma a cikin nau'in wasanni na wasanni - dangane da ikon zuwa nauyi.

A gani, motar tashar kaya da fasinja tana bambanta da juzu'insa biyu da kasancewar ƙarin ginshiƙan jiki masu adadin kofofin gefen (ana iya zama ko biyu ko huɗu), hatchback yana da ɗan gajeren rataye na baya, kuma dukansu biyun suna da ƙofar baya mara kyau, wani lokacin ana kiran murfin akwati ta hanyar kwatance tare da sedan, ko da yake wannan cikakkiyar kofa ce tare da glazing har ma da kayan wuta.

Coupe wani lokaci yana kusa da tsarin sedan, musamman na wasanni, amma koyaushe yana bambanta a cikin rufin jiki da taga na baya, waɗanda suke da yawa a baya, da kuma gangar jikin ɗanɗano mai fitowa ko cikakkiyar rashi.

Adadin kofofin gefen ba zai iya zama maƙasudi mai ƙarewa ba; akwai sedan kofa biyu da coupes masu kofa huɗu. A lokaci guda, kayan ciki na coupe yawanci sun fi cunkoso, kusan babu ta'aziyya ga fasinjoji na baya.

Nau'in sedans ta nau'in jiki

Rarraba sedans a cikin subclasses wani lokacin yana da ma'ana mai mahimmanci, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar nuna jikin a cikin layin wannan ƙirar, duka motoci masu zaman kansu tare da tallan nasu da jerin farashin, kuma kawai ka'idar, mai ban sha'awa ne kawai ga ƙwararrun motoci da mutanen da suke so. na.

classic

Abin mamaki, sedan na al'ada na iya zama motar da ba ta da alamar haske mai girma uku. Kasancewar keɓantaccen rukunin kaya a baya tare da murfinsa ya isa sosai. Ana iya faɗar wannan ta hanyar buƙatun aerodynamics ko salon.

Notchback

Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Amurka, kuma, a taƙaice magana, ana iya amfani da ita ga sedan na gargajiya.

Wannan yana nuna karyewar bayanin martaba tsakanin tagar baya mai gangarewa da murfin gangar jikin kusan kwance.

Wato ba zai iya zama juzu'i biyu ba. Duk da haka, a wasu ƙasashe manufar ba ta samo asali ba, ko da yake an san shi.

Fastback

Tushen farko na wannan kalma yana bayyana ainihinta, azumi yana nufin sauri da sauri. Don haka sha'awar zubar hawaye.

Yawancin lokaci, an ba da misali na tsohuwar motar Soviet Pobeda, wanda za'a iya la'akari da shi azaman sedan mai mahimmanci, amma zai zama mafi daidai a kira shi da sauri. To amma tabbas Nasara ba ta taka rawar gani ba, wanda zai zama misali mai kyau na bambancin fahimtar al'adun gargajiya tsakanin Amurka da sauran kasashen duniya.

Hardtop

Jiki daga lokacin manyan motoci masu kyau da kyau, ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin nau'i na sauri, amma an jaddada wasansa ta hanyar rashi ko ɓoyewar ginshiƙan B. Wannan ya haifar da iska na silhouette da saurin bayyanar gaba ɗaya. An goyan bayan wannan ta kofofin da ba su da firam.

Don dalilai na aminci, wannan ba zai daɗe ba, kuma hardtops ya zama mai wuya. Dole ne jiki ya kasance da mahimmanci, kuma za'a iya samun zane ta wasu hanyoyi, kamar zane-zane da tinting.

Dogon wheelbase sedan

Akwai duka dogayen nau'ikan motoci na al'ada, yawanci tare da ƙafafun ƙafa biyu ko uku (nisa tsakanin gatari), da kuma kera motoci na musamman.

Bi da bi, yawanci ana raba su zuwa shimfidawa, waɗanda aka kammala daga manyan sikelin ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan da aka saka a cikin jikin, da kuma limousines, waɗanda ba koyaushe suna da takwarorinsu na gajerun ƙafa ba.

Duk waɗannan motocin suna da babban ƙarar gida, wanda ke ba da ta'aziyya ta musamman ga fasinjoji na baya ko ɗaukar ƙarin layuka na kujeru. A cikin motoci masu saukar ungulu, sun sanya partition daga direba da fasinja na gaba.

Kofa biyu

Yawancin sedans tare da kofofin gefe guda biyu ana kiran su coupes. Amma a hankali juyin ya ci gaba da nisa daga tunanin motar fasinja kawai ya tsaya a cikin wani aji daban. Saboda haka, kawai wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin sedans, ba tare da yin la'akari da Gran Turismo ko wasanni ba.

Irin waɗannan motoci kusan ba a taɓa yin su ba, tunda coupes sun daɗe sun daina zama masu arha nau'ikan sedan na kofa biyu, amma, akasin haka, sun fi girma da farashi da daraja, sun rasa aiki. Saboda haka, sedans na kofa biyu sun ɓace daga manyan jerin.

Dagawa

Idan sedan yana da tagar baya mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kuma murfin akwati yana da tsayi, yayin da ɗakin kanta gajere ne, to ana kiran irin wannan jikin mai ɗagawa.

Wani lokaci taga na baya yana buɗewa, wanda ke haifar da rudani game da bambanci tsakanin sedan da tsayin hatchback.

kofa hudu

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, coupe na iya samun ƙofofin gefe guda huɗu, amma duk da rufin da aka yi a baya da kuma tagar baya na baya, kasancewar wani keɓaɓɓen ɗakunan kaya na daban tare da murfi daban yana ba da damar sanya irin wannan jiki ga sedans.

Nau'in sedans ta aji

Kowace al'adar mota tana da nata rabe-rabe na motocin fasinja ta girman girman da ɓangaren kasuwa. Ana amfani da tsayin jiki sau da yawa, wanda ke da ma'ana musamman lokacin amfani da sedans.

A-class

Saboda gajeren tsayin daka, wanda bai wuce mita 3,8 ba, kusan ba zai yuwu a tsara jiki mai juzu'i uku a cikin wannan aji ba, sai dai wasu masana'antun gabas suna ƙoƙarin samar da irin wannan samfurin ga wasu kasuwanni.

A sauran kasashen duniya, ba a sayar da wadannan injuna kuma ba a san masu amfani da su ba.

B-aji

Ƙara tsayi zuwa mita 4,4 ya riga ya ba da damar gina sedan. Musamman ga kasashen da a tarihi irin wannan nau'in jiki ya shahara. Misali na yau da kullun shine Lada Granta na gida.

C-aji

Cikakken cikakken sedans mai tsayi har zuwa mita 4,6 ana ba da shi ta masana'antun da yawa.

Ko da a cikin mafi girman kashi, a nan za ku iya samun mafi ƙanƙanta na tushen hatchback motoci Mercedes, da kuma cikakken m model kamar Volkswagen Jetta.

D-class

Sedans na yau da kullun akan farashi mai araha, ba tukuna azuzuwan kasuwanci ba, amma ba motocin amfani masu sauƙi ba.

Alal misali, BMW 3 jerin ko Mercedes-Benz W205. An yi la'akari da aji na iyali da na duniya, motoci na iya zama kasafin kuɗi ko ƙima.

E-class

Kasuwancin kasuwanci bisa ga rarrabuwar Turai da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya. Tsawon zai iya kaiwa mita 5, motocin suna da dadi kuma ba su da arha.

A nan za ku iya rigaya haɗu da Lexus ES, Toyota Camry kusa da shi, da kuma E-class na Mercedes da BMW 5-jerin.

F-class

saman rarrabuwa, zartarwa da motocin alatu. S-class Mercedes, BMW 7, Porsche Panamera da makamantansu.

Don irin waɗannan injuna, wani lokacin ma ana ƙirƙira su musamman a cikin damuwa. Waɗannan su ne tutocin jeri, motoci masu daraja masu tsada ga kaɗan.

Azuzuwan mota

Sedan mafi sauri a duniya

Yawanci irin wadannan motoci ana kera su ne don neman alfarma, tunda da kyar kowa zai bi su da gaske.

Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa a halin yanzu motar lantarki ta Tesla Model S P100D ta zama mafi sauri. 2,7 seconds zuwa ɗari ba a fili ba game da ta'aziyya, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga sedan.

Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da motocin da injin konewa na ciki na al'ada. Mercedes-AMG, Porsche Panamera Turbo, BMW M760 - ko da ba tare da ƙayyadaddun gyare-gyare ba, za mu iya cewa da halayyar fihirisa a cikin sunan nufin iko da daraja.

Sedan mafi sauri a Duniya

Kuma a cikin raye-raye na gaske, hatchbacks da aka caje da kyau suna yin nasara, musamman tare da duk abin hawa.