Menene binciken lambda. Ta yaya na'urar firikwensin oxygen ke tsara aikin injin konewa na ciki

Motocin yau a zahiri suna cike da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke sarrafa taya da karfin birki, maganin daskarewa da zafin mai a cikin tsarin lubrication, matakin mai, saurin dabaran, kusurwar tuƙi da sauran su. Ana amfani da wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin don daidaita yanayin aiki na injin konewa na ciki. Daga cikin su akwai na'urar da m sunan lambda bincike, wanda za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Harafin Helenanci lambda (λ) yana nuna ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa waɗanda ke nuna karkatar da abun da ke tattare da cakuda man iskar da aka kawo zuwa silinda na konewa na ciki daga mafi kyau. Lura cewa a cikin wallafe-wallafen fasaha na harshen Rashanci don wannan ƙididdiga, ana amfani da wani harafin Helenanci sau da yawa - alpha (α).

Matsakaicin inganci na injin konewa na ciki yana samuwa a wani yanki na iska da ƙarar mai da ke shiga cikin silinda. A cikin irin wannan cakudar iska, daidai gwargwadon abin da ake buƙata don cikakken konewar man fetur. Babu ƙari, babu ƙasa. Ana kiran wannan rabo na iska da man fetur stoichiometric. 

Domin ikon raka'a gudana a kan fetur, da stoichiometric rabo ne 14,7, domin dizal raka'a - 14,6, ga liquefied gas (propane-butane cakuda) - 15,5, ga matsa gas (methane) - 17,2.

Don cakuda stoichiometric, λ = 1. Idan λ ya fi 1, to, akwai iska fiye da yadda ake bukata, sa'an nan kuma suna magana akan cakuda mai laushi. Idan λ kasa da 1, an ce cakuda ya wadatar.

Cakuda mai laushi zai rage ƙarfin injin konewa na ciki da kuma tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin mai. Kuma a wani kaso, injin konewa na ciki zai tsaya kawai.

A cikin yanayin aiki akan cakuda mai wadatarwa, ƙarfin zai ƙara ƙaruwa. Farashin irin wannan iko shine babban asarar mai. Ƙarin ƙara yawan adadin man fetur a cikin cakuda zai haifar da matsalolin ƙonewa da rashin kwanciyar hankali na aikin naúrar. Rashin iskar oxygen ba zai ƙyale man fetur ya ƙona gaba ɗaya ba, wanda zai ƙara yawan adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin shaye-shaye. Man fetur za ta ƙone a wani ɓangare na tsarin shaye-shaye, yana haifar da lahani a cikin magudanar ruwa da mai kara kuzari. Wannan za a nuna ta pops da duhu hayaki daga shaye bututu. Idan waɗannan alamun sun bayyana, yakamata a fara gano matatar iska. Wataƙila an toshe shi kawai kuma baya barin iska cikin injin konewa na ciki.

Ƙungiyar kula da injin tana kula da abubuwan da ke tattare da cakuda a cikin silinda kuma yana daidaita yawan man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi, yana kiyaye darajar ma'auni λ kusan kusan 1. Gaskiya ne, ana amfani da cakuda dan kadan kadan a cikin yiwuwar. a cikin λ = 1,03 ... Wannan shi ne yanayin da ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki, ban da haka, yana rage yawan hayaki mai cutarwa, tun da kasancewar ƙananan iskar oxygen ya sa ya yiwu a ƙone carbon monoxide da hydrocarbons a cikin mai canza catalytic.

Binciken lambda shine ainihin na'urar da ke sa ido kan abun da ke tattare da cakuda man iska, yana ba da sigina mai dacewa ga injin ECU. 



Yawancin lokaci ana shigar da shi a mashigin na'ura mai canzawa kuma yana amsawa ga kasancewar iskar oxygen a cikin iskar gas. Saboda haka, binciken lambda kuma ana kiransa ragowar oxygen firikwensin ko kuma kawai firikwensin oxygen. 

Na'urar firikwensin ya dogara ne akan nau'in yumbu (1) da aka yi da zirconium dioxide tare da ƙari na yttrium oxide, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ƙarfi-jihar electrolyte. Rufin Platinum yana samar da na'urorin lantarki - na waje (2) da na ciki (3). Daga lambobin sadarwa (5 da 4), ana cire wutar lantarki, wanda ake bayarwa ta wayoyi zuwa kwamfutar.



Ana hura wutar lantarki ta waje da zafafan iskar gas da ke wucewa ta cikin bututun shaye-shaye, kuma wutar da ke ciki tana mu'amala da iska mai iska. Bambanci a cikin adadin iskar oxygen na waje da na ciki yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki ya bayyana akan lambobin siginar binciken da kuma daidaitaccen amsa na ECU.

Idan babu iskar oxygen a cikin firikwensin firikwensin, sashin kulawa yana karɓar ƙarfin lantarki na kusan 0,9 V yayin shigar da shi, sakamakon haka, kwamfutar ta rage yawan mai ga masu injectors, ta jingina da cakuda, kuma iskar oxygen ta bayyana akan na'urar. na waje lantarki na lambda bincike. Wannan yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙarfin fitarwa da ke haifar da firikwensin oxygen. 

Idan adadin iskar oxygen da ke wucewa ta hanyar lantarki na waje ya tashi zuwa wani ƙima, to, ƙarfin lantarki a cikin firikwensin firikwensin ya ragu zuwa kusan 0,1 V. ECU ta fahimci wannan a matsayin cakuda mai raɗaɗi, kuma ta gyara shi ta hanyar ƙara allurar mai. 

Ta wannan hanyar, abun da ke tattare da cakuda yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma ƙimar ma'aunin λ yana canzawa koyaushe a kusa da 1. Idan kun haɗa oscilloscope zuwa lambobi na binciken lambda mai aiki da kyau, za mu ga sigina kusa da tsarkakakken sinusoid. . 

Ingantacciyar gyaran gyare-gyare tare da ƙarancin canji a cikin lambda yana yiwuwa idan an shigar da ƙarin firikwensin iskar oxygen a madaidaicin mai sauya catalytic. A lokaci guda, ana kula da aikin mai kara kuzari.

1. yawan cin abinci;
2. ICE;
3. ECU;
4. man injectors;
5. babban firikwensin oxygen;
6. ƙarin firikwensin oxygen;
7. catalytic Converter.

M-state electrolyte samun conductivity kawai lokacin da zafi zuwa 300 ... 400 ° C. Wannan yana nufin cewa binciken lambda ba ya aiki na ɗan lokaci bayan farawar injin konewa na ciki, har sai iskar gas ɗin da ke shayewa ta dumama shi sosai. A wannan yanayin, ana sarrafa cakuɗaɗɗen ta hanyar sigina daga wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin da bayanan masana'anta a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfuta. Don hanzarta haɗa na'urar firikwensin iskar oxygen a cikin aiki, galibi ana ba da shi tare da dumama wutar lantarki ta hanyar haɗa kayan dumama a cikin yumbu.

kowane firikwensin ba dade ko ba jima ya fara aiki kuma yana buƙatar gyara ko sauyawa. Binciken lambda ba banda. A cikin ainihin yanayin Ukrainian, yana aiki da kyau don matsakaita na 60 ... 100 kilomita dubu. Dalilai da dama na iya rage rayuwarsa.

1. Rashin ingancin man fetur da abubuwan da ake tambaya. Najasa na iya gurɓata abubuwa masu mahimmanci na firikwensin. 
2. Gurɓataccen mai yana shiga cikin iskar gas saboda matsaloli a cikin rukunin piston.
3. An tsara binciken lambda don yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma, amma har zuwa ƙayyadaddun iyaka (kimanin 900 ... 1000 ° C). Yawan zafi saboda rashin aiki na injin konewa na ciki ko tsarin kunnawa na iya lalata firikwensin iskar oxygen.
4. Matsalolin lantarki - oxidation na lambobin sadarwa, bude ko gajerun wayoyi, da sauransu.
5. lahani na inji.

Sai dai game da lahani na tasiri, ragowar oxygen firikwensin yakan mutu a hankali, kuma alamun gazawar suna bayyana a hankali, suna ƙara bayyana kawai bayan lokaci. Alamomin binciken lambda mara kyau sune kamar haka:

• Ƙara yawan man fetur.
• Rage ƙarfin injin.
• Rashin tabarbarewar yanayi.
• Tashin hankali yayin motsin motar.
• Yawo mara aiki.
• Ciwon guba yana ƙaruwa. An ƙaddara ta musamman tare da taimakon binciken da ya dace, ƙasa da sau da yawa yana bayyana ta hanyar wari mai laushi ko baƙar fata.
• Dumama na catalytic Converter.

Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa waɗannan alamun ba koyaushe suna haɗuwa da rashin aiki na firikwensin oxygen ba, saboda haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don sanin ainihin dalilin matsalar. 

zaka iya tantance amincin wayoyi ta hanyar buga waya da multimeter. Hakanan yakamata ku tabbatar da cewa babu gajeriyar kewayawar wayoyi zuwa harka da juna. 

bincikar juriya na dumama kashi, ya kamata ya zama kamar 5 ... 15 ohms. 

Dole ne ƙarfin wutar lantarki na mai zafi ya kasance kusa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kan jirgin. 

Zai yiwu a warware matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da wayoyi ko rashin sadarwa a cikin mai haɗawa, amma gaba ɗaya, ba za a iya gyara firikwensin oxygen ba.

Tsaftace firikwensin daga gurɓatawa yana da matsala sosai, kuma a yawancin lokuta ba zai yiwu ba. Musamman idan ya zo ga rufin azurfa mai walƙiya sakamakon kasancewar gubar a cikin mai. Yin amfani da kayan abrasive da abubuwan tsaftacewa za su ƙare na'urar gaba ɗaya kuma ba za a iya jurewa ba. Yawancin abubuwa masu aiki da sinadarai kuma na iya lalata shi.

Shawarwarin da aka samo akan yanar gizo don tsaftace binciken lambda tare da phosphoric acid yana ba da tasirin da ake so a cikin akwati ɗaya daga cikin ɗari. Wadanda suke so zasu iya gwadawa.

Kashe binciken lambda mara kyau zai canza tsarin allurar mai zuwa matsakaicin yanayin masana'anta da aka yi rajista a ƙwaƙwalwar ECU. Yana iya zama mai nisa daga mafi kyawu, don haka wanda ya gaza ya kamata a maye gurbinsa da sabo da wuri-wuri.

Cire firikwensin yana buƙatar kulawa don kada ya lalata zaren da ke cikin bututun shaye-shaye. Kafin shigar da sabuwar na'ura, zaren ya kamata a tsaftace kuma a shafa su tare da man shafawa na thermal ko graphite maiko (tabbatar cewa bai hau kan ma'aunin firikwensin ba). Matsa a cikin binciken lambda tare da maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi zuwa madaidaicin juzu'i.

Kada a yi amfani da silicone ko sauran ma'auni yayin hawa firikwensin oxygen. 

Yarda da wasu sharuɗɗa zai ba da damar binciken lambda ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kyakkyawan yanayi tsawon lokaci.

• Mai da man fetur mai inganci.
• Guji abubuwan da za'a iya ƙara man mai.
• Sarrafa yawan zafin jiki na tsarin shaye-shaye, kar a bar shi ya yi zafi sosai
• Guji farawa da yawa na injin konewa na ciki cikin kankanin lokaci.
• Kada a yi amfani da abrasives ko sinadarai don tsaftace na'urorin firikwensin iskar oxygen.