Menene naphtha kuma a ina ake amfani dashi?
Ligroin (wanda aka fi sani da naphtha) samfuri ne mai saurin canzawa kuma mai iya ƙonewa na sarrafa ɗanyen mai. Yana samun aikace-aikace a masana'antu da yawa - duka a matsayin mai narkewa da kuma azaman mai. Naftha tana wanzuwa a nau'i uku - kwalta, shale, ko mai. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan yana samuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban kuma ana amfani dashi gwargwadon abubuwan sinadaransa.
Haɗuwa da halaye
Dangane da tsawon lokacin samuwar abubuwan hydrocarbon, abun da ke ciki nafita daban. Alal misali, "tsohuwar" ligroin, wanda ya dogara da man fetur, yana da matsayi mafi girma, ba shi da sauƙi kuma yana da ƙananan yawa. "Saurayi" ligroin ya bambanta a kishiyar kaddarorin, kuma tushen sa shine hydrocarbons aromatic.
Babban mahimman kaddarorin samfurin, don haka, an ƙaddara ta lokacin farkon samuwarsa. Mafi mahimmanci sune:
- Zazzabi: 90… 140ºC - don man naphthas, da 60…80ºС - don naphthas aromatic (na karshen, ta hanyar, yana da wuya a ƙayyade su, tun da irin wannan dabi'u sune na al'ada ga ethers). Saboda low wuraren tafasa Naphthas galibi ana kiran su ruhohin man fetur.
- Matsakaicin nauyi: 750…860 kg/m3.
- Kinematic danko: 1,05… 1,2 mm2/ daga.
- Zazzabi na farkon gelation bai fi girma ba: - 60ºC.
Nafita bata narke cikin ruwa kuma bata hada dashi. Tsarin tsarin naphthas ya haɗa da hydrocarbons na paraffinic da olefinic series, da naphthenic acid, kuma sulfur yana samuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa.
A ina ake amfani da shi?
Amfani da naphtha na yau da kullun don dalilai masu zuwa:
- Mai don injunan diesel.
- Mai narkewa.
- Matsakaici a cikin masana'antar petrochemical.
Ana amfani da Naphtha azaman mai saboda samfurin yana da ƙonewa kuma ana siffanta shi ta hanyar sakin babban adadin kuzarin zafi lokacin kunnawa. Ƙimar calorific na naphtha ya kai 3,14 MJ / l. Saboda gaskiyar cewa naphtha yana ƙone kusan babu soot, ana amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin gida da masu yawon bude ido, fitilu da fitilu. Naphtha ba kasafai ake amfani da ita kai tsaye a matsayin man fetur ba, saboda yawan gubar da take da shi; sau da yawa akwai alamun yiwuwar amfani da shi azaman ƙari.
Kamfanoni don samar da irin waɗannan robobi na yau da kullun kamar polypropylene da polyethylene suna amfani da naphtha azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani da abubuwan da aka samo daga cikinsa wajen kera butane da man fetur. Naphtha a cikin waɗannan fasahohin yana da hannu a cikin matakai na fashewar tururi.
Naphtha a matsayin kaushi za a iya samu a daban-daban tsaftacewa kayayyakin, inda ta low evaporation batu da amfani a matsayin thinner ga fenti, varnishes da kwalta. Mafi sanannun abubuwa daga wannan jerin sune sauran ƙarfi da naphthalene. Saboda yawan guba, ana amfani da naphtha ba don dalilai na gida ba, amma a cikin masana'antu (misali, waɗanda suke bushe-tsabta).
Nafita guba
Amintacciya a cikin faffadan amfani da samfurin mai da aka yi la'akari yana iyakance ta yanayi masu zuwa:
- Babban tashin hankali lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga fata da cornea na idon ɗan adam. Bayan haɗuwa da naphtha, yankin fata yana kumbura da zafi. Ana ba da shawarar a wanke wurin da abin ya shafa da ruwan dumi da wuri-wuri.
- Tashin zuciya da lalacewa ga huhu lokacin haɗiye ko da ɗan ƙaramin abu ne. Wannan yana buƙatar asibiti cikin gaggawa, in ba haka ba akwai gazawar numfashi, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa.
- Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamshi na musamman (musamman ga "matasa" nafita masu kamshi). Tsawon shakar tururi na iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi da tunani. Akwai kuma bayani game da carcinogenicity na abu.
Tun da sinadarin guba ne, an haramta shi sosai don zubar da ragowarsa cikin kwantena marasa sarrafawa (kuma ma fiye da haka, cikin buɗaɗɗen). Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa ligroin yana ƙonewa kuma yana iya haifar da wuta.
