Menene crankcase injin (manufa, wuri da ƙira)
Abubuwa
Matsakaicin ra'ayi na crankcase sananne ne ga duk wanda ya ɗan yi nazarin ƙirar injin konewa na ciki (ICE). Amma da yawa sun gaskata cewa kashi ɗaya ne kawai ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashinsa, wanda a zahiri ake kira kwanon mai. A more general ra'ayi ne wajen ka'idar, shi ne ba wani takamaiman sashi ko taro, amma yana nufin dukan sarari na mota located kasa da cylinders.
Me yasa injin ke buƙatar akwati
A mafi yawancin motoci, ana amfani da crankcase don gano wani wanka mai man fetur a ciki da kuma wasu abubuwa masu yawa waɗanda ke tabbatar da aiki na tsarin lubrication.
Amma tun da yake yana da girma mai mahimmanci, a ciki ne ake samun wasu hanyoyin da yawa:
- crankshaft tare da bearings da kuma hawa gadaje jefa a cikin toshe;
- cikakkun bayanai na tsarin samun iska na iskar gas da aka kafa yayin aiki;
- hatimin lebe a wuraren fita na gaba da na baya na crankshaft;
- tura rabin zobba, gyara shinge daga ƙaura na tsaye;
- famfo mai tare da m tace;
- ma'auni ma'auni waɗanda ke daidaita tsarin crank na injuna marasa daidaituwa;
- nozzles don ƙarin lubrication da piston sanyaya;
- mai dipstick da mai matakin firikwensin.
Ƙananan motocin da suka tsufa kuma sun yi amfani da camshaft da aka sanya a cikin akwati, kuma ana tura bawul ɗin ta hanyar turawa a cikin nau'i na sanduna masu zuwa kan shingen.
Ginin
Yawancin lokaci crankcase yana kunshe da ƙananan ɓangaren simintin simintin silinda kuma an haɗa shi da shi ta hanyar sump gasket.
Amma kuma akwai ƙarin ƙira masu rikitarwa, inda aka zazzage farantin tsaka-tsaki zuwa shinge daga ƙasa, yana rufe gadaje na crankshaft tare da manyan bearings. Don haka tare da raguwa a cikin tarin toshe, an ba da ƙarin rigidity, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikin dogon lokaci na ƙungiyar piston.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga injunan da aka yi gabaɗaya da abubuwan gami da haske, har ma da nakasar da ba za a iya fahimta ba ta haifar da rashin daidaituwar silinda da lalacewa.
Ana ɗora fam ɗin mai a ƙasa ko ƙasa da ƙarshen ƙarshen crankshaft, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar sarkar daban daga ƙwanƙwasa. Ana iya sanya ma'auni a cikin gadaje na shaft ko a haɗa su cikin katanga mai kauri tare da ƙananan famfo mai, samar da cikakken tsari mai aiki.
Ana ba da tsayayyen tsarin ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare da ƙarin baffles, wanda za'a iya yin ramuka don rage yawan asarar famfo daga ƙasa na pistons.
Ana cire zafi ta hanyar zagayawa mai, wanda a wasu lokuta ana jefa kwanon rufi daga wani haske mai haske tare da ƙoshin sanyi. Amma sau da yawa ana hatimi pallet daga ƙarfe na bakin ciki, yana da arha kuma mafi aminci idan akwai yiwuwar tasiri daga cikas.
Nau'in crankcases
Dangane da nau'in injin, za'a iya sanya ƙarin ayyuka zuwa crankcase.
Crankcase injin bugun bugun jini biyu
A cikin injunan bugun jini guda biyu, ana amfani da crankcase don damfara cakuda. Ana tsotse shi cikin sararin karkashin-piston yayin bugun bugun jini a cikin silinda.
A lokacin motsi na fistan zuwa ƙasa, matsa lamba a ƙarƙashinsa yana tashi, kuma da zarar tashar kewayawa ta buɗe a cikin ƙananan yanki na Silinda, man fetur da aka haɗe da iska ya ruga zuwa ɗakin konewa. Don haka buƙatun don ƙunƙun akwati, kasancewar bawul ɗin shigarwa da hatimi mai inganci mai inganci.
Babu wankan mai, kuma ana aiwatar da lubrication ta hanyar ƙara wani takamaiman adadin mai na musamman na bugun jini guda biyu zuwa gaurayar aiki, wanda sai ya ƙone da mai.
Crankcase injin bugun bugun jini hudu
Tare da zagayowar bugun jini huɗu, man fetur zai iya shiga cikin crankcase kawai lokacin da rashin aiki ya faru. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, yana hidima don adana wanka mai man fetur, inda yake gudana bayan ya wuce ta tashoshi da nau'i-nau'i na rikici.
A kasan ramin akwai mai da ake shan mai na famfo tare da matattara mai kauri. Ana ganin tazara tsakanin ma'aunin ma'aunin nauyi da madubin mai don hana kumfa a lokacin saduwa.
Damben kwandon shara
A cikin injunan dambe, crankcase shine babban ɓangaren wutar lantarki wanda ke daure duk shingen. A lokaci guda, yana da ƙananan, wanda ke ba da ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin mota "dan dambe" - ƙananan tsayin daka, wanda ya rage yawan cibiyar motar mota.
Menene bushe bushe
Zai yiwu ya ƙunshi man fetur a cikin nau'i na wanka da aka cika zuwa wani matakin kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayi na tsaye ko kusa. Motocin wasanni ba za su iya samar da wani abu makamancin haka ba, suna samun ci gaba mai ƙarfi a ko'ina, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mai ke shiga ko'ina, amma ba zuwa ga mai karɓar famfo a kasan tafki ba.
Sabili da haka, ana aiwatar da tsarin lubrication a wurin tare da abin da ake kira busassun busassun, lokacin da mai ba ya daɗe a ƙasa, amma nan da nan an ɗauke shi ta hanyar famfo mai ƙarfi da yawa, an raba shi da iska kuma a watsa shi ga masu amfani.
Tsarin ya zama mafi rikitarwa, amma babu wata hanyar fita. Kamar yadda yake a cikin jirgin sama, inda manufar sama da ƙasa ba za ta wanzu ba kwata-kwata, injin ɗin dole ne ya yi aiki a cikin jujjuyawar jirgin.
Rushewar al'ada
Babban matsala tare da crankcase shi ne cewa ya ci karo da cikas, bayan haka ƙwanƙwasa yana samuwa a kan pallet mafi kyau. A mafi muni, zai tsage ko motsi, injin zai rasa mai, kuma idan ba tare da shi ba, zai sami 'yan seconds kawai don rayuwa.
Alamar ja za ta haskaka a gaban direba a kan panel ɗin kayan aiki, bayan haka dole ne ku kashe injin ɗin nan da nan, ba tare da jira ya zama monolith ba.
Wani lokaci yakan faru cewa crankcase yana da inganci bayan tasirin, amma har yanzu hasken yana nuna alamar raguwar matsa lamba. Wannan yana nufin cewa nakasar da ke tattare da sump ya sa bututun mai karɓar mai, wanda galibi ana yin shi da gami da aluminum, ya karye.
Famfu zai shigar da iska kuma tsarin lubrication zai gaza. Sakamakon haka ne - ba za ku iya motsawa da kanku ba tare da gyarawa ba.
Kariyar kwandon injin
Ko da mene ne keɓantawar ƙasa na motar, cikas ɗin na iya zama wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba. Don guje wa fitarwa da gyarawa a cikin kowane irin wannan yanayin, ana neman kariyar abin rufe fuska.
A kan motoci da crossovers, ba kamar SUVs ba, ana yin kariya daga fashewa daga ƙarƙashin ƙafafun. Garkuwan filastik ba za su taimaka ba lokacin buga dutse. Saboda haka, an shigar da ƙaƙƙarfan kariyar ƙarfe azaman ƙarin kayan aiki.
Hakanan zaka iya karya ta, amma samun stiffeners kuma ana haɗe shi da ƙananan wutar lantarki, irin wannan zane zai yi aiki kamar ski, yana ɗaga gaba ɗaya gaban motar. Yiwuwar rayuwa ga motar tana ƙaruwa sosai.
An yi takardar kariyar daga takardar ƙarfe mai hatimi, kauri 2-3 mm, ko kusan ninki biyu kamar aluminum. Zaɓin na ƙarshe ya fi sauƙi, amma a bayyane ya fi tsada.
Wadanda ke son biyan kuɗi don manyan fasaha na iya amfani da Kevlar. Lokacin yin hidimar injin, ana iya cire takardar kariyar cikin sauƙi, kuma ramuka da ramukan da aka yi a ciki suna ba da canjin zafi da ake buƙata, ba a so a yi zafi sosai da man.
