Menene ma'anar idan motar tana da nau'in dakatarwa na "wishbone"?

Masu ƙira na tsarin dakatarwar mota dole ne suyi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa, gami da farashi, nauyin dakatarwa da ƙaranci, da kuma halayen sarrafa da suke son cimmawa. Babu wani zane da ya dace da duk waɗannan manufofin, amma wasu nau'ikan ƙirar ƙira sun tsaya gwajin lokaci:

• Kashin buri biyu, wanda kuma aka sani da A-arm
• Macpherson
• multichannel
• Hannun jujjuyawar hannu ko hannu na baya
• Rotary axis
• M axle (wanda kuma ake kira live axle) ƙira, yawanci tare da maɓuɓɓugan ganye.

Duk samfuran da ke sama tsarin dakatarwa ne masu zaman kansu, wanda ke nufin cewa kowace dabaran za ta iya motsawa ba tare da sauran ba, ban da tsayayyen ƙirar axle.

Dakatar da kasusuwa biyu

Ɗayan ƙirar dakatarwa wanda ya zama ruwan dare akan manyan abubuwan hawa shine ƙashin buri biyu. A cikin dakatarwar kashin buri biyu, kowace dabaran tana haɗe da abin hawa ta ƙasusuwan buri biyu (wanda kuma aka sani da A-arms). Waɗannan hannaye masu sarrafa guda biyu suna da siffa mai kusurwa uku, suna ba da dakatarwar sunaye "A-arm" da "ƙashin buri biyu" saboda wannan siffa. Ƙungiyar dabaran tana haɗe zuwa kowane hannu mai sarrafawa a abin da zai zama saman A da aka kafa ta kowane hannu mai sarrafawa (ko da yake makamai yawanci suna daidai da ƙasa, don haka wannan "saman" ba da gaske a saman ba); kowane hannu mai sarrafawa yana haɗe zuwa firam ɗin abin hawa a gindin A. Lokacin da aka ɗaga motar kuma saukar da shi (saboda bumps ko jujjuyawar jiki, alal misali), kowane hannu mai sarrafawa yana motsawa akan bushings biyu ko haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon a gindinsa; akwai kuma guntun bushing ko ƙwallon ƙafa inda kowace hannu ke manne da taron dabaran.

Me ake amfani da dakatarwar buri?

Dakatar da kashin buri biyu na al'ada yana da makamai masu sarrafawa waɗanda tsayinsu ɗan bambanta kaɗan, kuma sau da yawa kusurwar su lokacin da abin hawa ke hutawa kuma ya bambanta. Ta hanyar zabar rabo a hankali tsakanin tsayi da kusurwoyi na sama da na ƙasa, injiniyoyi na kera motoci na iya canza tafiya da sarrafa abin hawa. Zai yiwu, alal misali, a daidaita dakatarwar buri biyu ta yadda motar ta kiyaye kusan madaidaicin camber (ciki ko waje na dabaran) ko da a lokacin da motar ta kasance a kan kututture ko mota ta jingina zuwa kusurwa. juya mai wuya; babu wani nau'in dakatarwa na yau da kullun da zai iya kiyaye ƙafafun a daidai kusurwar hanya kuma, don haka wannan ƙirar dakatarwa ta zama ruwan dare akan manyan motocin aiki kamar Ferraris da sedans na wasanni kamar Acura RLX. Zane-zanen kashin buri guda biyu kuma shine dakatarwar zaɓi don buɗaɗɗen motocin tsere kamar waɗanda suka yi tsere a cikin Formula 1 ko Indianapolis; akan yawancin waɗannan motocin, ana iya ganin levers masu sarrafawa a fili yayin da suke shimfidawa daga jiki zuwa taron motsi.

Abin baƙin ciki shine, ƙirar fata sau biyu yana ɗaukar sarari fiye da wasu nau'ikan dakatarwa kuma yana da wahalar daidaitawa da abin hawa na gaba, don haka ba zai dace da kowace mota ko babbar mota ba. Hatta wasu motocin da aka ƙera don sarrafa saurin sauri, irin su Porsche 911 da mafi yawan motocin BMW, suna amfani da ƙira banda ƙasusuwan buri biyu, da kuma wasu motocin motsa jiki, irin su Alfa Romeo GTV6, kawai suna amfani da ƙasusuwan buri biyu ne kawai. . ƙafafunni.

Wani batu na ƙamus da za a lura shi ne cewa wasu tsarin dakatarwa, irin su MacPherson strut suspension, hannu ɗaya ne; Wannan hannu wani lokaci kuma ana kiransa da kashin fata don haka ana iya tunanin dakatarwar a matsayin tsarin "buri", amma yawancin mutanen da ke amfani da kalmar "wishbone" suna nufin saitin buri biyu.