menene a cikin mota? Ka'idar aiki, na'ura da manufa
ESP ko Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm yana daya daga cikin gyare-gyaren tsarin kula da kwanciyar hankali na mota, wanda aka fara sanyawa a kan motoci na Volkswagen damuwa da dukan sassansa: VW, Audi, Seat, Skoda, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini.
A yau, ana shigar da irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen akan kusan dukkanin motocin da aka kera a Turai, Amurka, har ma da samfuran Sinawa da yawa:
- Turai - Mercedes-Benz, Opel, Peugeot, Chevrolet, Citroen, Renault, Saab, Scania, Vauxhall, Jaguar, Land Rover, Fiat;
- Ba'amurke - Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep;
- Yaren Koriya - Hyundai, SsangYong, Kia;
- Jafananci - Nissan;
- Sinanci - Chery;
- Malaysian - Proton da sauransu.
A yau, an san wannan tsarin a matsayin wajibi a kusan dukkanin ƙasashen Turai, a cikin Amurka, Isra'ila, New Zealand, Australia da Kanada. A Rasha, har yanzu ba a gabatar da wannan buƙatun ga masu kera motoci ba, duk da haka, sabon LADA XRAY yana sanye da tsarin tabbatar da kwas, kodayake farashin wannan crossover ya fi na sauran motocin kasafin kuɗi, kamar Lada Kalina ko kuma. nufa 4x4.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa mun riga mun yi la'akari da wasu gyare-gyare na tsarin daidaitawa - ESC akan Vodi.su. A ka'ida, duk suna aiki bisa ga ƙima ko žasa iri ɗaya, kodayake akwai wasu bambance-bambance.
Mu yi kokarin fahimtar daki-daki.
Na'urar da ka'idodin aiki
Ka'idar aiki abu ne mai sauqi qwarai - na'urori masu auna firikwensin da yawa suna nazarin sigogi daban-daban na motsi na motar da tsarin tsarinta. Ana aika bayanai zuwa sashin sarrafawa na lantarki, wanda ke aiki bisa ga ƙayyadadden algorithms.
Idan, a sakamakon motsi, ana lura da kowane yanayi lokacin da mota za ta iya, alal misali, shiga cikin skid, birgima, fitar da layinta, da dai sauransu, na'urar lantarki tana aika sigina zuwa masu kunnawa - bawuloli na hydraulic. na birki tsarin, saboda abin da duk ko daya daga cikin ƙafafun da aka kauce wa gaggawa.
Bugu da ƙari, ECU yana da alaƙa da tsarin kunnawa. Don haka, idan injin ba ya aiki da kyau (alal misali, motar tana cikin cunkoson ababen hawa, kuma duk silinda suna aiki da cikakken iko), wutar lantarki ga ɗayan kyandir ɗin na iya tsayawa. Hakazalika, ECU yana hulɗa da injin idan ya zama dole don rage saurin motar.
Wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin (kusurwar tutiya, fedar gas, matsayi na maƙura) suna lura da ayyukan injin a cikin wani yanayi. Kuma idan aikin direba bai dace da yanayin zirga-zirga ba (misali, sitiyarin yana buƙatar juyawa ba da ƙarfi ba, ko kuma ana buƙatar matsi da birki da ƙarfi), ana sake aika umarni masu dacewa zuwa ga masu kunnawa don gyara motar. halin da ake ciki.
Babban abubuwan ESP sune:
- ainihin naúrar sarrafawa;
- hydroblock;
- na'urori masu auna firikwensin saurin gudu, saurin dabaran, kusurwar sitiyari, matsin birki.
Har ila yau, idan ya cancanta, kwamfutar tana karɓar bayanai daga firikwensin ma'auni da matsayi na crankshaft.
A bayyane yake cewa ana amfani da hadaddun algorithms don nazarin duk bayanan da ke shigowa, yayin da ake yanke shawara a cikin ɗan ƙaramin sakan. Don haka, ana iya karɓar umarni masu zuwa daga rukunin sarrafawa:
- birki ƙafafun ciki ko na waje don guje wa ƙetare ko ƙara radius yayin tuƙi cikin babban gudu;
- kashe ɗaya ko fiye da injin silinda don rage juyi;
- canza matakin dakatarwa damping - wannan zaɓin yana samuwa ne kawai akan motoci tare da dakatarwar daidaitawa;
- canza kusurwar juyawa na ƙafafun gaba.
Godiya ga wannan hanya, adadin hatsarori a cikin ƙasashen da aka amince da ESP a matsayin wajibi ya ragu da kashi uku. Yarda da cewa kwamfutar tana yin tunani da sauri sosai kuma ta yanke shawarar da ta dace, ba kamar direba ba, wanda zai iya gajiya, rashin kwarewa, ko ma maye.
A gefe guda kuma, kasancewar tsarin ESP yana sa motar ta rage jin daɗin tuƙi, tunda ana bincika duk ayyukan direba a hankali. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a kashe tsarin kula da kwanciyar hankali, kodayake wannan ba a ba da shawarar ba.
A yau, godiya ga shigarwa na ESP da sauran tsarin kayan aiki - na'urori masu auna firikwensin, ƙwanƙwasa birki, tsarin rarraba ƙarfin birki, Sarrafa Traction (TRC) da sauransu - tsarin tuki ya zama sauƙi.
Koyaya, kar a manta game da ƙa'idodin aminci na asali da dokokin zirga-zirga.
Ana lodawa…
