Café de la Régence - babban birnin chess na duniya

Shahararren Café de la Régence ya kasance a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX da na XNUMX a Makka don masu sha'awar wasan sarauta. Manyan chess na Turai sun hadu a nan. Mahukuntan cibiyar sun hada da, masanin ilmin kimiya na kasa Jean Jacques Rousseau, dan siyasa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi Maximilian Robespierre da Napoleon Bonaparte, sarkin Faransa na gaba. Kowace rana a rana da maraice, ƴan wasan dara da yawa suna rataye a gidan abinci.

Ga adadin da aka amince, "Farfesoshi Ches" sun yi wasa da kowa ko kuma sun ba su darasi. Kafe a kan Palais Royal, kusa da Louvre, an kafa shi a cikin 1681 ta wani burger mai suna Lefebvre. Da farko ana kiranta Café de Palais-Royal, kuma a cikin 1718 ya canza suna zuwa. Kafe Regency.

Labari yana da cewa dalilin da ya sa aka canza sunan shi ne yawan ziyartar mai mulki, Prince Philippe d'Orléans, yana sha'awar kyakkyawar matar sabon mai gidan cafe, wanda ya mamaye wuraren bayan Lefebvre. Philip Orlyansky ya kasance mai mulki a lokacin ƙuruciyar Louis XV, a cikin shekarun 1715-1723 mulkinsa ya kasance lokacin fure mai ban sha'awa na gine-ginen Faransanci, zane-zane da sassaka. An kuma san Philip da halayensa, wanda ya saba wa duk wani al'ada da kuma ladabi na kotu.

Babban birnin Chess na Duniya

Manyan chess sun kasance suna taruwa suna ciyar da kwanakinsu a wuraren shaye-shaye, gami da Kermer de Legal da dalibinsa François Philidor. Ga manyan ’yan wasan dara da yawa, wasanni a wuraren shaye-shaye sun kasance babbar hanyar samun kuɗi, saboda galibi ana buga su ne don kuɗi. Don haka, za mu iya kuskura mu ce kwarjinin mutum don yin caca ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar dara. Kafe din ba wai don kuɗi kawai ya buga ba, har ma ya haɗa da sakamakon wasannin mutum ɗaya.

A wancan zamanin, kalmar “cafemaster” tana da ma’ana kwata-kwata fiye da na yanzu. Ya kasance dan wasa mai karfi wanda ya yi rayuwarsa ta wasan dara. Irin wannan "champion" yana da ikon da sauri tantance ƙarfin abokin gaba lokacin da ya ba da wasa don kuɗi, amma a lokaci guda ya buƙaci forums. Har zuwa ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, maigidan Kafe Regency yawanci shi ne dan wasa mafi karfi a kasar, kuma wani lokacin ma a duniya.

A cikin 1750, ɗan wasan chess na Faransa Kermer de Legal, ya ɗauki ɗan wasa mafi ƙarfi a Faransa har sai da ɗalibinsa François Philidor ya doke shi, ya buga ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasa da suka shahara a tarihin dara a cikin Café de la Régence. Wannan motsi shine batun operetta Der Seekadett (Navy Cadet) wanda Richard Genet ya rubuta a 1887.

Matsayin da aka nuna a cikin zane na 1 an halicce shi a cikin motsi hudu kawai: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 Bg4 4.Nc3 g6? Baƙar fata ya tabbata cewa farar gada f3 an lika shi, amma wannan fil ɗin karya ne 5.S: e5! G: d1? Baƙar fata ya kamata ya karɓi asarar ɗan leƙen asiri kuma ya kare sarki daga abokin hulɗa tare da 5… Be6 ko 5… d: e5, amma har yanzu ba a ga haɗarin 6. G: f7 + Ke7 7. Nd5 # (hoto 2).

1. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; matsayi ta 4… g6?

2. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; Matt Legal

3. François-André Danican Philidor mawaƙin Faransa ne kuma babban ɗan wasan chess na ƙarni na XNUMX.

Dalibin shari'a da mai baƙo mai yawa zuwa cafe shine (1726-1795), ɗan wasan chess mafi shahara na karni na 3 (XNUMX). A cikin littafinsa "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Analysis of the game of Ches"), wanda ya wuce fiye da ɗari, ya kawo sauyi ga fahimtar dara. Shahararriyar tunaninsa yana kunshe ne a cikin sanannen maganar nan "'yan wasa su ne ruhin wasan", yana mai jaddada mahimmancin daidaitaccen wasan 'yan wasa a kowane mataki na wasan.

W Kafe Regency Abokan aikinsa na yau da kullun a cikin hukumar sune Voltaire da Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Ko a lokacin rayuwarsa, an yaba masa a matsayin mawaki kuma mawaki, ya bar operas ashirin! A cikin ka'idar buɗewa, ana adana ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Philidor da sunan ɗaya daga cikin buɗaɗɗen, Philidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6. Matsayin wasan Philidor ya zarce na sauran mutanen zamaninsa wanda tun yana dan shekara 21 ya buga abokan hamayyarsa ne kawai a dandalin.

Wakilan masu hankali na Paris - marubuta, 'yan jarida da 'yan siyasa - sun hadu a wani cafe. Voltaire da Rousseau da aka ambata, da Denis Diderot, sukan zauna a nan. Na karshen ya rubuta: "Paris shine wuri a duniya, kuma Café de la Régence shine wurin da ke cikin Paris inda ake buga dara a matakin mafi girma."

Masoyan dara Benjamin Franklin kuma Sarkin Austriya Joseph I, wanda ya yi tafiya ba tare da sanin komai ba ta Faransa a karkashin sunan Yarima Falkenstein. A cikin 1780, Tsar Paul I na Rasha, ɗan Catherine the Great, ya ziyarci nan. A cikin 1798 in Kafe Regency Napoleon Bonaparte. Tebur na marmara, wanda sarki na gaba ya zauna, ya mamaye wurin girmamawa a cikin cafe na shekaru da yawa tare da bayanin da ya dace.

4. Shahararren wasan dara da aka buga a 1843 a Café de la Régence tare da Howard Staunton da Pierre Charles Fourier Saint-Aman.

A farkon rabin karni na XNUMX, 'yan wasan chess waɗanda aka yi la'akari da matsayin zakarun duniya ba bisa ka'ida ba sun yi a Café de la Régence: Alexandre Deschapelles, Louis de la Bourdonnet da Pierre Saint-Amand. A cikin XNUMXs tare da mafi kyawun 'yan wasan chess a duniya Kafe Regency Birtaniya sun fara fafatawa.

A cikin 1834, wasan da ba ya halarta ya fara tsakanin wakilcin cafe da Westminster Chess Club, wanda aka kafa shekaru uku a baya.

A cikin 1843, an buga wasa a cikin cafe, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen dogon lokaci na 'yan wasan dara na Faransa. Pierre Saint-Aman ya yi rashin nasara a hannun dan Ingila Howard Staunton (+6 -11 = 4). A Faransa artist Jean-Henri Marlet, kusa abokin Pierre Saint-Amand, fentin a 1843 da zanen "The Game da Chess", a cikin abin da Staunton wasa da Saint-Amand a cikin cafe "Regence" (4).

5. Taro na masoya dara a cikin Café de la Régence

A cikin 1852, dangane da aikin gine-gine a kusa da Louvre, an tura cafe zuwa Dodun Hotel a 21 Rue de Richelieu, sa'an nan kuma, a 1855, ya koma kusa da wurin tarihi (Rue Saint-Honoré, 161). rike da takamaiman bayani. hali da tsohon abokin ciniki (5). A lokacin, gidan cafe ya sami sabon ciki, ciki har da darasi motifs kamar bust na Philidor.

Kafe Regency sun shaida muhimman abubuwan wasanni da yawa. A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1858, Paul Morphy ya buga zaman rufe ido na lokaci guda tare da ƙwararrun 'yan wasan chess na Paris guda takwas, inda ya sami kyakkyawan sakamako - nasara shida da canjaras biyu (6).

6. Paul Morphy yana wasa makaho tare da ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Ches na Paris guda takwas.

Simultana ya dauki awanni 10, a lokacin Morphy bai ci ko sha ba. A lokacin da ya bar ginin bayan kammala ginin, jama'ar da ke cike da sha'awa sun yi ta murna da hazakar darasi ta yadda jami'an tsaron Imperial suka gamsu cewa sabon juyin juya hali ya barke. Washegari da safe, Morphy ya faɗi daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar motsin duk wasanni takwas da aka buga, tare da ɗaruruwan yuwuwar bambance-bambancen da suka taso a cikin wasan na awa biyu. A cikin Afrilu 1859, an gudanar da liyafa ta bankwana a cafe don girmama ubangidan Amurka wanda ya doke mafi yawan ’yan wasan dara na Turai.

A karshen karni na sha tara da farkon karni na ashirin, gidan kafe din a hankali ya rasa muhimmancinsa a matsayin cibiyar dara, duk da cewa har yanzu wurin ne ake gudanar da muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi dara da kuma karbar bakuncin fitattun 'yan wasan dara. An canza shi zuwa gidan cin abinci a cikin 1910 kuma yawancin 'yan wasan chess sun yanke shawarar ƙaura a 1916 zuwa Café de l'Univers.

7. Ginin da ke da gidan Café de la Régence.

A yau a Kafe Regency Ba a sake buga wasan dara ba, bus ɗin Philidor da teburin da matashin Bonaparte ya fafata a ciki sun ɓace. Tsohon "haikalin chess" yana da Ofishin Yawon shakatawa na Kasa na Maroko (7). Akwai wuraren shakatawa masu kyau da yawa a nan kusa, amma babu ɗayansu da yake kama da ƴan wasan dara da ake amfani da su wajen taruwa.

Jan-Krzysztof Duda mai shekaru 17 shine mataimakin zakaran duniya a kasa da shekara 20!

Jan-Krzysztof Duda ya sake samun wata babbar nasara a lokacin da ya ci lambar azurfa a Gasar Chess na matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 20, wanda aka gudanar daga ranar 1 zuwa 16 ga Satumba a Khanty-Mansiysk, wani birni na Rasha a Siberiya. Dan sandan ya jagoranci zagaye da dama kuma ya kusa samun nasara a duk gasar.

Sakamakon haka, a wasanni goma sha uku da ya buga, ya samu maki 10, daidai da wanda ya ci Mikhail Antipov daga Rasha (8).

8. Kafin wasan ƙwararrun ƴan wasa biyu na gasar Chess ta Duniya U20

Duda ya sadu da Antipov shekara guda da ya girme shi a zagaye na 9 (8th). Baƙin Rasha ya mutunta Pole kuma, yana wasa tare da Black, yayi ƙoƙari ya ci nasara. Duda ya samu 'yar fa'ida, amma Rasha ta kare da kyau kuma wasan ya tashi da ci.

A zagaye na karshe, Antipov ya samu nasarar lashe wasan da aka yi rashin nasara kuma ya samu maki 0,5 daga Pole, wanda ya yi canjaras kawai. An yanke gasar zakarun ne kawai ta hanyar maki na uku, wanda, da rashin alheri, ba a yarda da dan wasan chess daga Wieliczka ba.

Sai dai kungiyar ta Pole ba ta yi rashin nasara ba ko daya a gasar, inda ta yi nasara a wasanni bakwai sannan ta yi canjaras shida. Bayan kammala gasar, ya ce: "Ina da sauran shekaru uku da zan buga a wannan rukunin kuma ba zan rasa ba."

A halin yanzu, Jan-Krzysztof Duda ya zama na uku a duniya a matakin FIDE a tsakanin kananan yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 17, wanda Wei Yi na kasar Sin ne kawai da Vladislav Artemyev na Rasha.