C1 Ariete zamani

Ariete yana da babban ƙarfin wuta, mai yuwuwa daidai da Abrams ko Leopard 2s tare da bindiga mai caliber .44, a fili ba tare da la'akari da halayen harsashi da ma'auni na tsarin sarrafa wuta ba.

C1 Ariete MBT ya shiga sabis tare da Esercito Italiano (Sojojin Italiyanci) a cikin 1995, kwata na ƙarni da suka wuce. Sojojin Italiya za su yi amfani da su har tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu, don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa kwanan nan an ƙaddamar da wani tsari na zamani na zamani, wanda ƙungiyar CIO za ta gudanar (Consorzio FIAT-Iveco - Oto Melara), watau. mai kera mota.

Babu buƙatar ɓoye gaskiyar cewa Ariete ya riga ya tsufa. An ƙirƙira shi ne saboda buƙatar sojojin ƙasa na Italiya na zamani, mai zaman kansa wanda aka tsara da kuma kera babban tankin yaƙi na ƙarni na 3, wanda aka ƙirƙira su a tsakiyar 80. A cikin 70s, sojojin Italiya sun fara la'akari da siyan siyan ƙasashen waje. tankuna (M47 da M60 da aka shigo da su, da kuma shigo da Leopardy 1/A1/A2 masu lasisi) tare da babban buƙatu da ƙarfin masana'antar kera namu, wannan lamari ne mara riba. Dangane da kwarewar da aka samu a lokacin samar da lasisi na Leopard 1A2 a cikin 1977, Oto Breda da FIAT sun fara aiki akan tankin OF-40 ("O" don Oto Breda, "F" don "FIAT", "40" don tsammanin. nauyi, wanda yakamata ya kasance ton 40, kodayake an wuce shi). Samfurin da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi (kuma mai kama da shi) an gwada Leopard 1 a cikin 1980 kuma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta saya da sauri. A cikin 1981-1985 sun sami tankuna 18 a cikin Mod tushe. 1, daidai don mod. 2 (ciki har da sababbin na'urorin dubawa da na'urori) da motocin tallafin fasaha guda uku. Karamar nasara ce; 40mm Palmaria masu sarrafa kansu, waɗanda aka ƙera ta amfani da chassis OF-155, sun sayar da raka'a 235 ga Libya da Najeriya (Argentina ta sayi ƙarin tururuwa 20, waɗanda aka ɗora akan chassis na TAM). OF-40 da kanta ba ta sami ƙarin masu siye ba, kuma a ƙarshe an dakatar da haɓakar ƙira a cikin 1997 akan ƙirar ƙirar zamani mai zurfi. 2A. Duk da haka, ci gaban gaba ɗaya na zamani - a wasu fannoni - tanki a Italiya an yi la'akari da nasara, kuma a cikin 1982 an fara shirye-shiryen buƙatun don tankin Esercito Italiano mai ban sha'awa.

Tankin Italiyanci ba shine mafi muni ba dangane da motsi. Injin, wanda ya fi rauni fiye da wasu ƙira masu gasa, yana daidaita shi tare da ƙarancin nauyi.

C1 Ariete - tarihi, ci gaba da matsaloli

Da farko, wasu sojojin Italiya sun yi shakku game da ra'ayin samar da nasu tanki, suna karkata zuwa sayen sabon Leopard 2 daga Jamus. Duk da haka, "sansanin kishin kasa" ya ci nasara kuma a cikin 1984 an tsara bukatun sabon motar. Mafi mahimmancin su shine: babban kayan aiki a cikin nau'i na 120- mm guntu mai santsi; SKO na zamani; ingantacciyar sulke mai ƙarfi ta amfani da sulke na musamman (maimakon sulke na ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi a baya); nauyi kasa da ton 50; halaye masu kyau na jan hankali; inganta ergonomics da gagarumin sauƙin amfani. Samar da abin hawa, wanda a wannan matakin ya sami nadi OF-45, an damƙa wa kamfanoni Oto Melara da Iveco-FIAT, waɗanda suka riga sun kafa haɗin gwiwa don haɓakawa da gabatar da wasu masu tayar da ƙafar zamani (daga baya Centauro) da motocin yaƙi. (Dardo) don manufarsu. sojojin kansa. Tsakanin 1986 da 1988, an gina samfura biyar ko shida, kamanceceniya da motar kera a nan gaba. An fara sa ran motar za ta fara aiki a cikin 1990 ko 1991, amma ƙoƙarin ya jinkirta kuma ya lalace saboda matsalolin kudi na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Italiya bayan ƙarshen yakin cacar. A nan gaba C1 Ariete ("C" don "Carro armato" ma'ana "tanki", ariete ma'anar "rago da rago") an fara shirin samar da shi a cikin raka'a 700 - wanda ya isa ya maye gurbin fiye da 1700 M47s da M60s, kuma, aƙalla. wasu daga cikin tankunan damisa sama da 1300 1. Yanke sakamakon karshen yakin cacar baka ya bayyana. Wasu daga cikin tankunan sun kasance don maye gurbin motocin tallafi na B1 Centauro, waɗanda aka ƙera a layi daya tare da C1 Ariete da kuma motar yaƙin Dardo da ke bin diddigi. A ƙarshe, a cikin 1995, Esercito Italiano ya ba da odar tankunan samarwa 200 kawai. An kammala bayarwa a cikin 2002. An yi amfani da waɗannan motocin da runduna masu sulke guda huɗu, kowanne da tankuna 41 ko 44 (ya danganta da tushen). Waɗannan su ne: 4° Regimento carri a cikin Persano, 31° Regimento carri a cikin Lecce, 32° Regimento carri a cikin Tauriano da 132° Regimento carri a cikin Coredenone. Ba dukkansu ba ne ke da daidaitattun kayan aiki a halin yanzu, kuma an yi shirin tarwatsa daya. A tsakiyar wannan shekaru goma, ya kamata a sami motoci 160 a cikin layi. Wataƙila wannan lambar ya haɗa da Ariete, wanda ya kasance a cikin jihar Scuola di Cavalleria a Lecce, da cibiyoyin horar da ma'aikatan fasaha. Sauran sun tsira.

An gina tanki mai nauyin tan 54 na Italiyanci bisa ga tsari na yau da kullun, tare da ɗakin tuƙi na gaba tare da matsayin direban da aka canza zuwa dama, wani rukunin fada a tsakiya, an rufe shi da turret (kwamandan yana hannun dama na gun. mai bindiga yana zaune a gabansa, kuma mai ɗaukar kaya yana zaune a gefen hagu na matsayin gun), kuma a bayan sashin kulawa. Ariete yana da tsawon 967 cm (tsayin hull 759 cm), nisa na 361 cm da tsayi zuwa rufin turret na 250 cm (286 cm zuwa saman na'urar kwamandan kwamandan), izinin ƙasa na 44 cm. yana dauke da bindigar Oto Breda smoothbore mai tsawon mm 120 mai tsayin ganga caliber 44 tare da harsashi 42 (ciki har da 15 a kasan kwandon turret) da bindigogin 7,62 mm Beretta MG 42/59 (wanda ke hade da bindigar). , ɗayan yana hawa akan benci a saman turret) tare da ajiyar 2500 zagaye. Matsakaicin kusurwar ɗagawa na babban kayan yaƙi shine daga -9 ° zuwa 20 °. An yi amfani da tsarin daidaitawa na electro-hydraulic biaxial da turret drives. OG14L3 TURMS (Tank Universal Reconfigurable Modular System) tsarin kula da wuta, wanda Galileo Avionica ya haɓaka (yanzu wani ɓangare na damuwar Leonardo), yakamata a yi la'akari da zamani a farkon samarwa, gami da. godiya ga haɗewar na'urar lura da panoramic kwamanda tare da tsayayyen layin gani da kuma tashar hangen nesa na dare ko kallon gunner tare da tashar zafin dare.

Ana samar da sadarwar waje ta hanyar rediyon SINCGARS guda biyu (Single Channel Ground da Tsarin Rediyon Jirgin Sama), wanda Selex (yanzu Leonardo) ya kera a ƙarƙashin lasisi.

Gaban ƙwanƙwasa da turret (kuma bisa ga wasu kafofin, tarnaƙi, ko da yake wannan yana da shakku sosai) ana kiyaye su ta hanyar makamai masu linzami, sauran jiragen da ke cikin motar suna kiyaye su ta hanyar sulke na karfe.

Watsawa ya ƙunshi injin Iveco MTCA 12V tare da fitarwa na 937 kW / 1274 hp. da kuma watsawa ta atomatik ZF LSG 3000, waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin rukunin wuta. Ƙarƙashin motar ya ƙunshi ƙafafun jagora na baya, nau'i-nau'i bakwai na ƙafafun hanyoyi da aka rataye akan sandunan torsion, da kuma ƙafafu guda huɗu masu goyan bayan babbar hanya (Diehl/DST 840). Ƙarƙashin abin hawan yana rufe da wani siket ɗin haɗe-haɗe mara nauyi.

Tankin ya kai gudun kilomita 65 a kan titin da aka shimfida, yana shawo kan matsalolin ruwa har zuwa zurfin 1,25 m (har zuwa 3 m bayan shiri) kuma yana da iyaka har zuwa 550 km.

A lokacin hidimarsa, an kuma yi amfani da Ariete a yanayin yaƙi. a lokacin aikin tabbatar da zaman lafiya a Iraki a 2003-2006. (Aikin Antica Babylonia). Wasu tankuna, mai yiwuwa 30, sun sami kunshin PSO (Peace Support Operation) a wancan lokacin, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarin sulke, ɓangarorin ƙwanƙwasa (watakila an saka sassan NERA) da gaban turret (wataƙila babban zanen ƙarfe mai ƙarfi) da ɓangarorinsa (modules iri ɗaya). ga wadanda aka sanya a kan kwandon shara). Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan tankuna sun karɓi bindigar injin na biyu wanda ke kan rufin turret, kuma duka wuraren harbe-harbe suna sanye take (mai ladabi sosai - bayanin marubuci) tare da murfi. Nauyin irin wannan motar mai sulke ya kamata ya ƙaru zuwa ton 62. An kuma ƙirƙira fakitin VAR da MPC (mai juriya). A wajen Iraki, Esercito Italiano bai yi amfani da Ariete a cikin yaƙi ba.

Tankin yana da gazawa da yawa. Da fari dai, wannan shi ne matalauta makamai - tarnaƙi na turrets suna yiwuwa kariya da wani kama karfe takardar da wani kauri na game da 80-100 mm, da kuma musamman makamai, bisa ga hukuma data, a mafi dace da mafita (da kuma tasiri). zuwa tankuna masu shekaru goma, irin su Damisa 2A4 ko M1A1. Sabili da haka, shigar da irin wannan makamai a yau ba matsala ba ne ko da makamai masu linzami na anti-tanki na shekaru 20 da suka wuce, kuma sakamakon da aka samu na iya zama abin ban tsoro - harsashin ba a ware shi daga ma'aikatan jirgin ba, musamman ma wadatar da ta dace. Tasirin makaman ku yana iyakance ta rashin isassun ingantaccen tsarin tafiyar da tsarin daidaitawa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar daidaito yayin harbi a cikin sauri sama da 90 km / h yayin tuki a kan hanya. Ya kamata a magance waɗannan gazawar a cikin C2 Ariete Mod. XNUMX. An kuma gina motar zanga-zanga ta hada chassis na tankin Ariete tare da turret na Centauro II wheeled abin hawa fama (HITFACT-II). Wannan shawara mai cike da cece-kuce a fili bai gamu da wani sha'awa ba, don haka yayin da ake jiran ƙarni na gaba na MBT, an bar Italiyanci tare da haɓaka motocin kawai a cikin layi.

Amfaniwa

Tun da aƙalla 2016, bayanai suna ta yawo cewa Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Italiya na iya yanke shawarar sabunta MLU (Mid-Life Upgrade) na tankunan C1 Ariete. A ƙarshe an kammala aikin ra'ayi da shawarwari tare da ƙungiyar CIO a cikin watan Agustan bara, lokacin da aka rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da ma'aikatar tsaro ta Jamhuriyar Italiya don gina samfura uku na tankin zamani. Yakamata a kawo su nan da shekarar 2021, kuma bayan an kammala gwajinsu, za a fara sabunta motocin 125 a jere (a cewar wasu kafofin, “kusan 150”). Ana sa ran kammala bayarwa a cikin 2027. Ba a bayyana adadin kwangilar ba a bainar jama'a, amma kafofin watsa labaru na Italiya sun kiyasta farashin aikin a cikin 2018 a Yuro miliyan 20 don samfuran uku da kusan Euro miliyan 2,5 ga kowane tanki na "serial". , wanda zai ba da jimillar kuɗin ƙasa da Yuro miliyan 400. Duk da haka, yin la'akari da tsarin aikin da aka tsara (duba ƙasa), waɗannan ƙididdiga ba su da ɗan ƙima.