Gaba a foda

Kamfanin VBN Components na Sweden yana samar da samfuran ƙarfe ta amfani da fasahar haɓaka ta amfani da foda tare da ƙari, galibi kayan aikin kamar su drills da masu yankan niƙa. Fasahar bugu na 3D yana kawar da buƙatar ƙirƙira da mashin ɗin, yana rage yawan amfani da albarkatun ƙasa, kuma yana ba masu amfani da ƙarshen zaɓin babban zaɓi na kayan inganci.

Bayar da abubuwan VBN sun haɗa da misali. Farashin 290wanda, a cewar kamfanin na Sweden, shine karfe mafi wuya a duniya (72 HRC). Tsarin ƙirƙirar Vibenite 290 shine don haɓaka taurin kayan a hankali har zuwa. Da zarar an buga sassan da ake so daga wannan albarkatun ƙasa, ba a buƙatar ƙarin aiki fiye da niƙa ko EDM. Babu yankan, niƙa ko hakowa da ake buƙata. Don haka, kamfanin ya ƙirƙira sassa tare da girma har zuwa 200 x 200 x 380 mm, geometry wanda ba za a iya samar da shi ta amfani da wasu fasahohin masana'anta.

Karfe ba koyaushe ake buƙata ba. Wata ƙungiyar bincike daga HRL Laboratories ta haɓaka maganin bugu na 3D. aluminum gami tare da babban ƙarfi. Ana kiranta hanyar nanofunctional. A sauƙaƙe, sabuwar dabarar ta ƙunshi yin amfani da foda na nanofunctional na musamman zuwa firinta na 3D, wanda daga nan ake “sintered” tare da yadudduka na bakin ciki na Laser, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar abu mai girma uku. A lokacin narkewa da ƙarfafawa, ba a lalata tsarin da aka samu ba kuma suna riƙe da cikakken ƙarfin su saboda nanoparticles da ke aiki a matsayin cibiyoyin tsakiya don microstructure da aka yi nufi na gami.

Alloys masu ƙarfi irin su aluminum ana amfani da su sosai a cikin masana'antar nauyi, fasahar jirgin sama (misali, fuselage), da sassa na kera motoci. Sabuwar fasahar nanofunctionalization tana ba su ba kawai ƙarfin ƙarfi ba, har ma da nau'ikan siffofi da girma.

Ƙara maimakon ragi

A cikin hanyoyin aikin ƙarfe na gargajiya, ana cire kayan sharar gida ta hanyar injina. Tsarin ƙari yana aiki a baya - ya ƙunshi yin amfani da ƙara daɗaɗɗen yadudduka na ɗan ƙaramin abu, ƙirƙirar sassan XNUMXD kusan kowane nau'i dangane da ƙirar dijital.

Ko da yake an riga an yi amfani da wannan fasaha don duka samfura da simintin ƙira, amfani da shi kai tsaye wajen kera kaya ko na'urorin da aka yi nufin kasuwa ya kasance mai wahala saboda ƙarancin inganci da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki marasa gamsarwa. Duk da haka, wannan yanayin yana canzawa sannu a hankali godiya ga ayyukan masu bincike a yawancin cibiyoyin duniya.

Ta hanyar gwaji mai wahala, manyan fasahohin biyu na bugu na XNUMXD sun inganta: Laser jijiya na karfe (LMD) i narkewar Laser zaɓi (ULM). Fasahar Laser tana ba da damar ƙirƙirar cikakkun bayanai dalla-dalla daidai da samun ingancin saman ƙasa, wanda ba zai yiwu ba tare da bugu na katako na 50D (EBM). A cikin SLM, ana karkatar da batu na katako na Laser akan foda na kayan, ana yin walda shi a cikin gida bisa ga tsarin da aka bayar tare da daidaito na 250 zuwa 3 microns. Hakanan, LMD yana amfani da Laser don sarrafa foda don ƙirƙirar tsarin XNUMXD mai tallafawa kai.

Wadannan hanyoyin sun tabbatar da cewa suna da matukar ban sha'awa don ƙirƙirar sassan jirgin sama. kuma, musamman, jigon Laser na ƙarfe yana faɗaɗa yuwuwar ƙira don abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya. Ana iya yin su daga kayan aiki tare da hadaddun tsarin ciki da gradients ba zai yiwu ba a baya. Bugu da kari, duka fasahar Laser yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar samfuran hadaddun lissafin lissafi da samun ƙarin ayyuka na samfuran daga kewayon gami da yawa.

A watan Satumbar da ya gabata, Airbus ya sanar da cewa ya samar da kayan aikin sa na A350 XWB tare da bugu na ƙari. titanium bakar, wanda Arconic ya kera. Wannan ba ƙarshen ba ne, saboda kwangilar Arconic tare da Airbus yana samar da bugu na 3D daga titanium-nickel foda. sassan jiki i tsarin motsa jiki. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa Arconic baya amfani da fasahar Laser, amma nasa ingantacciyar sigar EBM arc arc.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ci gaban fasaha na ƙari a cikin aikin ƙarfe na iya zama samfuri na farko da aka gabatar a hedkwatar Rukunin Shipyard na Dutch Damen a cikin bazara na 2017. jirgin ruwa propeller karfe gami mai suna VAAMpeller. Bayan gwaje-gwajen da suka dace, yawancin abin da aka riga ya faru, samfurin yana da damar da za a amince da shi don amfani a cikin jiragen ruwa.

Kamar yadda makomar fasahar aikin ƙarfe ta ta'allaka ne a cikin bakin ƙarfe foda ko kayan haɗin gwal, yana da daraja sanin manyan 'yan wasa a wannan kasuwa. Bisa ga "Additive Manufacturing Metal Powder Market Report" da aka buga a watan Nuwamba 2017, mafi mahimmanci masana'antun na 3D bugu karfe foda sune: GKN, Hitachi Chemical, Rio Tinto, ATI Powder Metals, Praxair, Arconic, Sandvik AB, Renishaw, Höganäs AB. , Metaldyne Performance Group, BÖHLER Edelstahl, Kamfanin Fasaha na Carpenter, Aubert & Duval.

Buga bugu WAAMpeller

Zaman ruwa

Mafi sanannun fasahar ƙari na ƙarfe a halin yanzu sun dogara da amfani da foda (wannan shine yadda aka halicci vibenite da aka ambata a baya) "sintered" da laser-fused a babban yanayin zafi da ake buƙata don farawa. Koyaya, sabbin ra'ayoyi suna fitowa. Masu bincike daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Injiniya na Cryobiomedical na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin da ke birnin Beijing sun kirkiro wata hanya 3D bugu tare da "tawada", wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarfe na ƙarfe tare da maɓallin narkewa kadan sama da zafin jiki. A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a mujallar Kimiyyar Fasaha ta kasar Sin, masu bincike Liu Jing da Wang Lei sun nuna wata dabarar buga gallium, bismuth, ko indium-alloys tare da kara nanoparticles.

Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin ƙirar ƙarfe na gargajiya, bugu na 3D na ruwa-lokaci yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Na farko, za a iya samun babban adadin ƙirƙira na sassa uku. Bugu da kari, a nan zaku iya daidaita yanayin zafi da kwararar mai sanyaya. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa ruwa a haɗe tare da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba (kamar robobi), wanda ke faɗaɗa yiwuwar ƙira don hadaddun abubuwa.

Masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Arewa maso yammacin Amurka sun kuma ƙera sabuwar dabarar buga 3D ta ƙarfe wacce ta fi arha kuma ba ta da rikitarwa fiye da yadda aka sani a baya. A maimakon karfe foda, Laser ko electron biams, shi yana amfani tanda na al'ada i ruwa abu. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar tana aiki da kyau don nau'ikan ƙarfe iri-iri, gami, mahadi, da oxides. Wannan yayi kama da hatimin bututun ƙarfe da muka sani da robobi. "Tawada" ya ƙunshi foda na ƙarfe wanda aka narkar da shi a cikin wani abu na musamman tare da ƙari na elastomer. A lokacin aikace-aikacen, yana cikin zafin jiki. Bayan haka, Layer na kayan da aka ajiye daga bututun ƙarfe yana daɗaɗa tare da yadudduka na baya a wani zafin jiki mai girma da aka halitta a cikin tanderun. An bayyana wannan dabarar a cikin mujalla ta musamman Advanced Functional Materials.

Hanyar Buga Karfe na Liquid na Sin

A cikin 2016, masu binciken Harvard sun gabatar da wata hanyar da za ta iya ƙirƙirar sifofin ƙarfe na XNUMXD. buga "a cikin iska". Jami'ar Harvard ta ƙirƙira firinta na 3D wanda, ba kamar sauran ba, ba ya ƙirƙirar abubuwa ta hanyar Layer, amma yana ƙirƙirar sifofi masu rikitarwa "a cikin iska" - daga ƙarfe mai daskarewa nan take. Na'urar, wacce aka kirkira a Makarantar Injiniya da Aiyuka ta John A. Paulson, tana buga abubuwa ta hanyar amfani da nanoparticles na azurfa. Laser da aka mayar da hankali yana dumama kayan kuma ya haɗa shi, ƙirƙirar sassa daban-daban kamar helix.

Bukatar kasuwa don ingantattun samfuran mabukaci na 3D da aka buga kamar su injinan likitanci da sassan injin jirgin sama na girma cikin sauri. Kuma saboda ana iya raba bayanan samfurin tare da wasu, kamfanoni a duniya, idan suna da damar yin amfani da foda na karfe da madaidaicin 3D printer, na iya yin aiki don rage kayan aiki da farashin kaya. Kamar yadda kuka sani, fasahohin da aka kwatanta suna sauƙaƙe kera sassan ƙarfe na hadadden lissafi, gabanin fasahar samarwa na gargajiya. Ci gaban aikace-aikace na musamman yana iya haifar da ƙananan farashi da buɗaɗɗen amfani da bugu na 3D a aikace-aikace na al'ada kuma.

Mafi wuyan Yaren mutanen Sweden karfe - don 3D bugu:

Karfe mafi wuya a duniya - wanda aka yi a Uppsala, Sweden

Fim ɗin Aluminum don bugawa: 

Ƙarfafawa a cikin ƙarfe: 3D bugu na aluminum mai ƙarfi