Броневик Ehrhardt BAK (Balloon Defence Cannon)
Броневик Ehrhardt BAK (Balloon Defence Cannon)An gina samfurin farko na motar sulke a cikin kwafi guda.
Mota mai sulke "Erhardt" VAK da 50-mm Jawo "Rheinmetall" a cikin rabin hasumiya bude a baya.
Motar mai sulke Ehrhardt BAK (Ballon-Abwehr Kanone - bindiga mai hana iska), wadda kamfanin Erhardt daga Zela-Saint-Blazy ya kera a shekarar 1906, ita ce motar sulke ta farko da aka kirkira a kasar Jamus, kuma ta farko a jerin gwanon yaki. motocin irin wannan. Motar mai sulke tana sanye da wata bindiga mai sauri mai tsawon milimita 50 kuma an ƙera ta ne don magance balloon abokan gaba, wanda bayyanarsa a kan matsayi ya fara damun sojojin Turai sosai.
Bangaren da mutane ke da shi, wanda ya fi na injinan faɗi da yawa, ya haɗa da ɗakin sarrafawa da kuma wurin faɗa. Zai yiwu a shigar da shi ta ƙofofin da ke cikin tarnaƙi na ƙwanƙwasa, wanda aka ba da shi a cikin yanki na sashin kulawa da budewa zuwa baya. Ƙofar tana da tsayi sosai, don haka an haɗa allunan ƙafar katako zuwa firam ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin jiki. Buɗaɗɗen tagogi guda biyu masu rectangular a cikin takardar gaban da aka karkata aka yi amfani da su don lura da filin. Bangarorin biyu na rungumar kuma suna da taga guda daya mai dauke da sulke masu sulke.
Tsawon kwandon da ke sama da sashin kulawa bai kai tsayin tsayin daka ba - a wannan wurin akwai wani ɗan ƙaramin turret da aka buɗe a baya tare da igwa 50-mm Rheinmetall tare da tsayin ganga na calibers 30. Na'urar da aka dora bindigar a kanta ta sa a iya nuna ta a wurin da aka nufa a cikin wani jirgin sama a tsaye mai tsayin daka mai tsayi 70 °. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya yin harbi daga bindiga a wuraren da aka kai hari a ƙasa. A cikin jirgin sama a kwance, an jawo shi a cikin wani yanki na ± 30 ° dangane da layin madaidaiciya na motar sulke. Kayan harsasai na bindigar sun hada da zagaye 100 na caliber 50 mm, wanda aka yi jigilar su a cikin akwatuna na musamman a jikin motar.
A cikin 1906, a baje kolin motoci na duniya karo na 7 a Berlin, an nuna samfurin a bainar jama'a. Bayan shekaru biyu, wani buɗaɗɗen motar da ba ta da makami ya bayyana, kuma a cikin 1910, Ehrhardt ya ɓullo da irin wannan tsarin, amma riga-kafi duk-dabaran (4 × 4) kuma dauke da bindigar anti-jirgin 65-mm tare da tsayin ganga 35 calibers.
Motar mai tuƙi "Erhardt" tare da bindigar anti-aerial 65mm. Daimler ya inganta VAK a cikin 1911 ta hanyar yin sulke mafi yawa. Mota mai sulke "Erhardt" VAK ba a kera ta da jama'a ba. A lokaci guda kuma, Daimler ya fara kera na'ura don yaƙar balloons. Samfurin na farko an sanye shi da igwa Krupp mai tsawon 77mm kuma yana da tuƙi mai ƙafafu huɗu, amma babu kariya daga sulke.
Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) truck truck ("Dernburg-Wagen") tare da 7.7 cm L / 27 BAK (balloon tsaron igwa) (Krupp) A cikin 1909, kamfanin Daimler ya fito da sabuwar motar da ta dogara akan tuƙi mai tuƙi (4 × 4) chassis tare da igwa Krupp 57-mm tare da tsayin ganga na caliber 30. An shigar da ita a cikin buɗaɗɗen hasumiya, amma riga mai sulke na jujjuyawar madauwari, wanda ya ba bindigar isasshen kusurwar ɗagawa don harba balloons. Bangaren sulke sun kare rukunin da harsasai. Motar sulke "K-Flak", wanda ya halarci yakin duniya na farko, ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyawun motocin yaki na kamfanin Daimler a lokacin. Mota ce mai nauyin ton 8, sanye take da injin silinda hudu mai karfin 60-80 hp; watsawa ya ba da izinin tafiya gaba a cikin gudu hudu da baya a biyu. "Erhardt" ya amsa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar irin wannan na'ura EV / 4 dangane da chassis na motar sulke na samfurin 1915. Sources:
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Sojojin kusan dukkanin manyan kasashen Turai a farkon karni na 20 sun fara gwaji da amfani da motoci masu sulke. A shekara ta 1905, sojojin Prussian sun fara sabawa da motar sulke na Daimler da aka gina a Ostiriya, wanda ƙirarta ta ci gaba amma mai tsada. Kuma umarnin Jamus, ba tare da nuna sha'awar shi ba, duk da haka ya ba da umarnin daga kamfanin Daimler wani motar sulke na farko a kan chassis na motar Mercedes don yin gwajin soja. A cikin wannan lokacin, mai zanen Jamus Heinrich Ehrhardt ya gabatar da igwa mai haske na Rheinmetall ga sojoji, wanda aka ɗora a kan Ehrhardt-Decauville chassis, wanda aka yi niyya don yaƙar balloons.
Domin tunani. Dokta Heinrich Erhardt (1840-1928), wanda aka fi sani da "Cannon King", injiniya mai koyar da kansa, mai ƙirƙira da ɗan kasuwa, ya ba da sunansa ga kamfani. Babban abin da ya cancanta shi ne kafa a 1889 na Rhine Mechanical and Engineering Plant, wanda daga baya ya zama mafi girman damuwa na soja-masana'antu na Jamus Rheinmetall. A cikin 1903, Erhardt ya koma garinsa na Thuringian na St. Blaisey, inda ya canza karamin bitarsa, wanda aka bude a 1878, don kera motoci, ta haka ne ya kirkiro kamfanin Heinrich Ehrhardt Automobilwerke AG, wanda ya kware a manyan motoci masu sauki da dorewa wadanda suka cika ka'idojin lokacin. Wannan ya ba da damar samar da su ga sojojin, tare da ba wa kamfanin Rheinmetall makamai. A farkon yakin duniya na farko, kamfanin ya ba da motocin sojojin da nauyin nauyin 3,5-6,0 ton tare da injuna 45-60 hp. da sarkar tuka. Amma ba su taɓa zama babban kayan aikin soja ba, Erhardt koyaushe sun fi sha'awar motocin yaƙi da motoci masu sulke.
Mota mai sulke ta farko an kera ta ne a cikin kwafi guda bisa kashin da Ehrhardt ya yi amfani da shi wajen kera motoci masu haske sanye da injin silinda mai nauyin 60 hp. Jikin abin hawa yana da siffa mai sauƙi kamar akwatin kuma an yi shi da lebur ɗin sulke na sulke na ƙarfe, waɗanda aka zana su zuwa firam ɗin kusurwa da T-profiles. Ajiye na hull da turret - 5 mm, da kuma tarnaƙi, maƙarƙashiya da rufin - 3 mm. Gasa mai sulke ya rufe radiyon kaho, kuma an tanadar da rowa a bangon ɗakin injin don kewaya iska. An shigar da injin carburetor mai sanyaya ruwa mai silinda huɗu "Erhardt" tare da ikon 44,1 kW a gaban motar a ƙarƙashin hular sulke. Motar mai sulke ta sami damar tafiya a kan tituna tare da iyakar gudun kilomita 45 cikin sa'a. An watsa karfin juyi daga injin zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi ta amfani da sarka mai sauƙi. An yi amfani da tayoyin huhu, waɗanda har yanzu babban sabon abu ne, a kan ƙafafun da ƙuƙumman ƙarfe.
