Yaƙin motocin bisa tushen PzKpfw IV chassis
Bindigogin Sturmgeschütz IV kawai, da aka kwato daga fadamar da aka gyara a Cibiyar Horar da Sojojin Kasa da ke Poznań, sun tsira har yau. Yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na White Eagle a Skarzysko-Kamen kuma ya kasance a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2020.
An ƙirƙiro ƴan motocin yaƙi iri-iri iri-iri akan chassis na tankin PzKpfw IV: bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu, bindigogin fage, bindigogin kakkabo jiragen sama, har ma da bindigar hari. Dukkaninsu sun dace da nau'ikan motocin yaƙi masu ban mamaki da Jamusawa suka ƙirƙira a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, wanda ke tabbatar da rikicewa da haɓakawa da yawa. Ayyukan wasu na'urori kawai sun ninka sau biyu, wanda har yanzu yana haifar da cece-kuce - menene manufar ƙirƙirar inji masu irin wannan ƙarfin yaƙi, amma na nau'ikan daban-daban?
Babu shakka, an gina ƙarin motocin irin wannan a rabin na biyu na yaƙin, lokacin da aka rage yawan samar da tankunan PzKpfw IV, wanda ya ba da damar zuwa PzKpfw V Panther. Koyaya, an samar da injuna, watsawa, chassis da sauran abubuwa da yawa. Akwai babbar hanyar sadarwa ta masu haɗin gwiwa waɗanda suka samar da kayayyaki iri-iri, tun daga gaskets da gaskets zuwa ƙafafun titi, tuƙi da ƙafafun marasa aiki, masu tacewa, janareta, carburetors, waƙoƙi, faranti sulke, axles, layin mai, akwatunan gear, clutches da kayan aikinsu. . fayafai, bearings, shock absorbers, leaf maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, birki pads, man fetur famfo da kuma da yawa daban-daban sassa, mafi yawanci ba za a iya amfani da kawai a kan wani irin mota, amma ba a kan wani. Tabbas, yana yiwuwa a canza samarwa, alal misali zuwa wani nau'in injin, amma sabbin bearings, gaskets, abubuwan da aka gyara, carburetors, filtata, na'urorin kunna wuta, walƙiya, famfo mai, raka'a na lokaci, bawul da sauran raka'a da yawa dole ne su kasance. oda. oda daga subcontractors, wanda zai kuma yi da aiwatar da sabon samar a gida, oda sauran muhimman abubuwa da kuma abubuwa daga sauran subcontractors ... Duk wannan an yi a kan tushen da sanya hannu kwangila da kwangila, da kuma tuba na wannan inji ba haka ba ne mai sauki. . Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka samar da tankunan PzKpfw IV da yawa fiye da Pantera, wanda ya kamata ya zama na gaba na manyan motocin yaki.
Dukansu 10,5 cm K gepanzerte Selbstfahrlafette motocin yaƙi an aika zuwa Panzerjäger Abteilung 521.
A lokaci guda, duk da haka, an iya samar da adadi mai yawa na PzKpfw IV chassis, wanda ba ya buƙatar kammala kamar tankuna, amma ana iya amfani da su don kera motocin yaƙi daban-daban. Kuma akasin haka - haɓakar samar da tankuna na Panther ya kusan kusan cikawa, don haka yana da wahala a ware chassis ɗinsa don kera motoci na musamman. Tare da SdKfz 173 8,8cm Jagdpanzer V Jagdpanther masu lalata tanki, wannan ba a cimma nasara ba, wanda aka samar da raka'a 1944 kawai daga Janairu 392 har zuwa karshen yakin. Don abin hawa miƙa mulki, wanda zai zama 88 mm SdKfz 164 Hornisse (Nashorn) mai lalata tanki, an gina raka'a 494. Don haka, kamar yadda wani lokaci yakan faru, maganin wucin gadi ya zama mafi ɗorewa fiye da mafita na ƙarshe. Af, an samar da waɗannan inji har zuwa Maris 1945. Kodayake yawancinsu an gina su ne a shekara ta 1943, amma a cikin watanni 15 an gina su a layi daya da Jagdpanthers, wanda a ka'ida ya kamata ya maye gurbinsu. Za mu fara da wannan motar kawai.
Hornet ya juya ya zama karkanda: - SdKfz 164 Hornisse (Nashorn)
Aikin farko akan wani babban mai lalata tanki dauke da bindigar mm 105 akan PzKpfw IV chassis an ba da umarnin Krupp Gruson a cikin Afrilu na 1939. A wancan lokacin dai babbar matsalar ita ce yaki da manyan tankunan yaki na Faransa da na Birtaniya, saboda arangamar da sojojin ke tunkara da matakan gaggawa. Jamusawa sun san tankunan Faransa na Char B1 da tankunan A11 Matilda I da A12 Matilda II na Biritaniya masu sulke kuma suna fargabar cewa ma wasu kayayyaki masu sulke na iya bayyana a fagen fama.
Me yasa aka zabi bindigar mm 105 kuma menene? Bindigar filaye ce mai tsayi cm 10 na Kanone 18 (10 cm sK 18) tare da ainihin caliber 105 mm. Za a yi amfani da bindigar ne wajen lalata katangar makiya tare da harbin kai tsaye da manyan motocin yaki. An gudanar da ci gabanta a cikin 1926, kuma kamfanoni biyu sun shiga gasar, masu samar da manyan bindigogi na gargajiya na sojojin Jamus, Krupp da Rheinmetall. A shekara ta 1930, kamfanin Rheinmetall ya yi nasara, amma an ba da umarnin motar da tawul da sassan wutsiya guda biyu daga Krupp. Wannan inji an sanye shi da igwa Rheinmetall 105 mm mai tsayin ganga 52 calibers (5,46 m) da jimlar nauyin 5625 kg tare da bindigar. Saboda girman kusurwa daga -0º zuwa +48º, bindigar ta harba a kewayon har zuwa kilomita 19 tare da nauyin nauyin kilogiram 15,4, yana harbi a farkon gudu na 835 m / s. Irin wannan gudu na farko tare da gagarumin taro na projectile ya ba da makamashi mai mahimmanci, wanda a cikin kanta ya tabbatar da lalatar motocin da ke da makamai. A nesa na 500 m tare da tsari na tsaye na makamai, zai yiwu a shiga 149 mm na makamai, a nesa na 1000 m - 133 mm, a nesa na 1500 m - 119 mm kuma a nesa na 2000 m - 109 mm. mm. Ko da mun yi la'akari da cewa a wani gangara na 30 ° wadannan dabi'u da kashi daya bisa uku m, har yanzu sun kasance m idan aka kwatanta da damar da Jamus anti-tanki da tanki bindigogi.
Abin sha'awa, ko da yake an yi amfani da waɗannan bindigogi akai-akai a cikin rundunonin sojan bindigu, a cikin manyan bindigogi (batir ɗaya a kowane squadron), kusa da 15 cm Schwere Feldhaubitze 18 (sFH 18) 150 mm cal. farkon 1433, idan aka kwatanta da sFH 1944 howitzer, wanda aka samar har zuwa karshen yakin, kuma an gina shi a cikin adadin 18. Duk da haka, ya harba makamai masu karfi masu nauyin kilo 6756, tare da kusan sau uku na fashewar karfi.
