Yaƙin Gabashin Prussia a 1945, sashi na 2
Sojojin Soviet, wadanda ke samun goyon bayan bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu SU-76, sun kai hari kan wuraren Jamus a yankin Koenigsberg.
Umurnin Rundunar Sojojin "Arewa" ya yi ƙoƙari don sakin shinge na Koenigsberg da kuma mayar da sadarwar ƙasa tare da duk kungiyoyin sojojin. Kudu-yamma na birnin, a cikin Brandenburg yankin (Rasha Ushakovo), da 548th Jama'ar Grenadier Division da kuma Great Jamus Panzergrenadier Division aka mayar da hankali.
wanda aka yi amfani da shi a ranar 30 ga Janairu don kai hari arewa tare da tafkin Vistula. Rukunin Panzer na 5 na Jamus da na 56th na Infantry sun kai hari daga wani waje. Sun yi nasarar tilastawa wani bangare na Sojan Tsaro na 11 janyewa tare da keta wata hanya mai nisan kilomita daya da rabi zuwa Koenigsberg, wanda ke fama da harbin bindiga daga sojojin Soviet.
Ranar 31 ga Janairu, Janar Ivan D. Chernyakhovsky ya yanke shawarar cewa ba shi yiwuwa a kama Koenigsberg daga tafiya: Ya zama a fili cewa hare-haren da ba a daidaita ba da kuma rashin shiri a kan Koenigsberg (yafi dangane da kariyar kayan aiki) ba zai haifar da nasara ba, amma , akasin haka, zai ba wa Jamusawa lokaci don inganta tsaro. Da farko, ya zama dole a rushe katangar katanga (garurruka, fama da bunkers, yankunan da ke da garu) da kuma kashe tsarin wuta. Kuma saboda wannan, ana buƙatar adadin makaman da ya dace - nauyi, babba da ƙarfi, tankuna da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu, kuma, ba shakka, harsashi da yawa. Shirye-shiryen sojoji a hankali don kai hari ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da hutun aiki ba.
A mako mai zuwa, sassan runduna ta 11 ta Guards Army, "takaddamar da muggan hare-hare na 'yan Nazi," sun karfafa matsayinsu kuma suka koma hare-harensu na yau da kullum, suna kokarin isa ga bakin tekun Vistula. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, sun sake ketare babbar hanya, babu shakka sun toshe Krulevets daga kudanci - duk da haka, bayan haka, sojoji 20-30 sun kasance a cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama. Dakarun runduna ta 39 da ta 43 a cikin fadace-fadacen da aka gwabza sun yi ta ture rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin yankin Sambiya, inda suka samar da wani waje na kewaye.
A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, kwamandan 3rd Belorussian Front ya ba da umarnin sojojin da su haye zuwa wani ƙaƙƙarfan tsaro kuma su shirya wani hari na dabara.
A tsakiyar, 5th da 28th sojojin sun ci gaba a cikin Kreuzburg (Rashanci: Slavskoe) - Preussish Eylau (Ilava Pruska, Rashanci: Bagrationovsk); a gefen hagu na 2nd Guards da 31st Armies, tun tilasta Lyna, ya ci gaba da kama nodes na juriya Legden (Rasha Good), Bandel da kuma babban hanya junction Landsberg (Gurovo Ilavetske). Daga kudu da yamma, sojojin Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky sun matsa wa Jamusawa. An yanke daga babban yankin, ƙungiyar abokan gaba na Lidzbar-Warmian na iya sadarwa tare da Jamusawa kawai a kan kankara na tafkin da kuma gaba tare da Vistula Spit zuwa Gdansk. Rufin katako na "rayuwar yau da kullum" ya ba da izinin motsi na motoci. An jawo dimbin 'yan gudun hijira zuwa ga ambaliya a cikin wani ginshiƙi mara iyaka.
Jiragen ruwan Jamus sun gudanar da wani aikin ceto da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, inda suka yi amfani da duk wani abu da ka iya wanzuwa. A tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, miliyan 1,3 daga cikin miliyan 2,5 mazaunan an kwashe daga Gabashin Prussia. A sa'i daya kuma, Kriegsmarine ya ba da goyon bayan manyan bindigogi ga sojojin kasa a gabar tekun, kuma ya shiga tsaka mai wuya wajen mika sojoji. Rundunar Baltic Fleet ta kasa karya ko ma tsangwama sosai ga sadarwar abokan gaba.
A cikin makonni hudu, yawancin yankunan Gabashin Prussia da arewacin Poland an share su daga sojojin Jamus. A lokacin fadan, kusan mutane 52 4,3 ne kawai aka kama fursuna. hafsa da sojoji. Sojojin Soviet sun kama bindigogi sama da dubu 569 da turmi, tankokin yaki na XNUMX da kuma bindigogi.
Sojojin Jamus da ke Gabashin Prussia an katse su daga sauran yankunan Wehrmacht kuma an raba su zuwa rukuni uku keɓe da juna. Na farko, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu, an matse shi a cikin Tekun Baltic a tsibirin Sambia; na biyu, wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi biyar, da kuma raka'o'i daga sansanin soja da kuma raka'a daban-daban, an kewaye shi a Königsberg; na uku, wanda ya kunshi kusan sassa ashirin na rundunar soji ta 4 da ta Panzer Army na 3, yana cikin yankin kagara na Lidzbarsko-Warminsky, wanda ke kudu da kudu maso yammacin Krulevets, ya mamaye wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 180 a gaba da zurfin kilomita 50. .
Hitler ba ya ba da izinin korar wadannan sojojin da ke karkashin rufin Berlin, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa kawai bisa ga wuraren kagara da aka samar daga teku da taurin kai da tarwatsa ƙungiyoyin sojojin Jamus za a iya ƙirƙira manyan sojojin Jamus. sojoji. Red Army na dogon lokaci, wanda zai hana sake tura su zuwa hanyar Berlin. Babban umurnin Tarayyar Soviet, bi da bi, ya yi tsammanin sakin sojojin na 1st Baltic da 3rd Belorus fronts don wasu ayyuka zai yiwu ne kawai sakamakon saurin rushewar wadannan ƙungiyoyin.
Yawancin janar-janar na Jamus ba su iya fahimtar wannan dabara ta Hitler ba. A daya bangaren kuma, Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky bai ga ma’anar bukatun Stalin ba: “A ganina, lokacin da Gabashin Prussia aka ware daga Yamma a karshe, yana yiwuwa a jira a yi watsi da rukunin sojojin Jamus da suka kewaye wurin, kuma saboda haka. don ƙarfafa ƙarfin 2nd Belorussian gaba mai rauni, hanzarta yanke shawara kan jagorancin Berlin. Da Berlin ta faɗi da wuri. Hakan ya faru ne cewa a lokacin da aka yanke shawara, ƙungiyoyin Gabashin Prussian sun mamaye dakaru goma (...) Yin amfani da irin wannan tarin sojoji a kan abokan gaba (...), nesa da wurin da al'amura masu mahimmanci suka faru. , a cikin yanayin da ya taso a cikin jagorancin Berlin, ba shi da ma'ana.
Daga qarshe, Hitler ya yi gaskiya: na goma sha takwas Soviet sojojin da hannu a cikin liquidation na Jamus bakin teku bridgeheads, kawai uku gudanar da hannu a cikin "manyan fadace-fadace" na bazara na 1945.
Ta hanyar yanke shawarar hedkwatar babban kwamandan koli na 6 ga Fabrairu, sojojin 1st da 2nd Baltic Fronts, tare da toshe Kurland Army Group, sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon 2nd Baltic Front a ƙarƙashin umarnin Marshal L.A. Govorov. Aikin kama Koenigsberg da kuma share yankin Sambian gaba daya na abokan gaba an ba da amana ga hedkwatar 1st Baltic Front, wanda Janar Janar Ivan Ch. Bagramyan ya umarta, wanda aka canjawa wuri daga 3rd Belorussian Front zuwa runduna uku: 11th Guards. 39th da 43th da 1st tank Corps. Bi da bi, Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu samu umarni a kan canja wurin hudu sojojin zuwa Janar na Army Ivan Dmitrievich Chernyakhovsky: 50th, 3rd, 48th da 5th Guards Tank. A wannan rana ne aka umarci Janar Chernyakhovsky, ba tare da bai wa Jamusawa ko sojojinsa hutu ba, don kammala shan kashin da sojojin na 20 na Janar Wilhelm Muller suka yi a hannun sojojin ƙasa ba daga ranar 25-4 ga Fabrairu ba.
Sakamakon yaƙe-yaƙe na zubar da jini, rashin daidaituwa da katsewa, - in ji Lieutenant Leonid Nikolayevich Rabichev, - duka sojojinmu da na Jamus sun rasa fiye da rabin ƙarfinsu kuma sun fara rasa tasirin yaƙi saboda tsananin gajiya. Chernihovsky ya ba da umarnin ci gaba, Janar - kwamandojin sojoji, gawawwaki da sassan - kuma sun ba da umarnin, hedkwatar ta haukace, kuma duk runduna, brigades daban-daban, bataliyoyin da kamfanoni sun yi taho-mu-gama. Daga nan kuma, domin tilasta wa sojojin da suka gaji da yaki su ci gaba, hedkwatar runduna ta tunkari layin tuntubar juna kamar yadda ya kamata, hedkwatar runduna ta bunkasa kusan tare da hedkwatar rundunar, da kuma hedkwatar rundunar. rarrabuwar kai sun tunkari rundunonin sojoji. Janar-janar din sun yi kokarin tara bataliyoyin da kamfanoni don yin fada, amma babu abin da ya same shi, har sai da lokacin ya zo lokacin da sojojinmu da na Jamus suka kame cikin rashin kulawa. Jamusawa sun ja da baya kusan kilomita uku, muka tsaya.
