Antifreeze G12, fasalulluka da bambanci daga antifreezes na sauran azuzuwan
Abubuwa
Magance daskarewa - mai sanyaya wanda ya dogara da ethylene ko propylene glycol, wanda aka fassara "Antifreeze", daga Ingilishi na duniya, a matsayin "marasa daskarewa". Class G12 antifreeze an tsara shi don amfani da motoci daga 96 zuwa 2001, motocin zamani galibi suna amfani da 12+, 12 plus ko g13 antifreezes.
"Makullin don aikin kwanciyar hankali na tsarin sanyaya shine babban ingancin maganin daskarewa"
Menene fasalin G12 antifreeze
Maganin daskarewa tare da aji G12 yawanci yakan zama ja ko ruwan hoda, haka kuma, idan aka kwatanta da maganin daskarewa ko maganin daskare G11, yana da tsayi. sabis rayuwa - daga 4 zuwa 5 shekaru. G12 ba ya ƙunshi silicates a cikin abun da ke ciki, yana dogara ne akan: ethylene glycol da carboxylate mahadi. Godiya ga kunshin ƙari, a saman a cikin toshe ko radiator, yanayin lalata yana faruwa ne kawai inda ake buƙata, yana samar da ƙaramin fim mai juriya. Sau da yawa ana zuba irin wannan nau'in maganin daskarewa a cikin tsarin sanyaya na injunan konewa na ciki mai sauri. Mix maganin daskarewa g12 da coolant na wani class - m.
Amma yana da babban ragi - G12 antifreeze fara aiki ne kawai lokacin da cibiyar lalata ta bayyana. Ko da yake wannan aikin yana kawar da bayyanar wani Layer na kariya da saurin zubar da shi a sakamakon girgizawa da canje-canjen yanayin zafi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a inganta yanayin zafi da kuma amfani mai tsawo.
Babban halayen fasaha na aji G12
Yana wakiltar ruwa mai kama da gaskiya ba tare da ƙazantar inji na ja ko launin ruwan hoda ba. G12 maganin daskarewa shine ethylene glycol tare da ƙari na 2 ko fiye da acid carboxylic, baya samar da fim mai kariya, amma yana shafar cibiyoyin lalata da aka riga aka kafa. Yawan yawa shine 1,065 - 1,085 g/cm3 (a 20 ° C). Wurin daskarewa yana cikin digiri 50 a ƙasa da sifili, kuma wurin tafasa yana kusan +118 ° C. Halayen zafin jiki sun dogara ne akan haɗuwar polyhydric alcohols (ethylene glycol ko propylene glycol). Sau da yawa, yawan irin wannan barasa a cikin maganin daskarewa shine 50-60%, wanda ke ba ku damar cimma kyakkyawan aiki. Tsarkake, ba tare da wani ƙazanta ba, ethylene glycol ruwa ne mai danko da mara launi tare da nauyin 1114 kg / m3 da ma'aunin tafasa na 197 ° C, kuma yana daskarewa a minti 13 ° C. Sabili da haka, ana ƙara rini zuwa maganin daskarewa don ba da ɗaiɗaiɗi da mafi girman gani na matakin ruwa a cikin tanki. Ethylene glycol shine mafi karfi dafin abinci, sakamakon wanda za'a iya kawar da shi tare da barasa na yau da kullun.
Menene G12 antifreeze ya ƙunshi
Abun da ke cikin rukunin G12 na antifreeze ya haɗa da:
- dihydric barasa ethylene glycol kusan kashi 90% na jimlar ƙarar da ake buƙata don hana daskarewa;
- distilled ruwa, kusan kashi biyar bisa dari;
- fenti (launi sau da yawa yana gano nau'in coolant, amma ana iya samun keɓancewa);
- kunshin ƙari aƙalla kashi 5 cikin ɗari, tun da ethylene glycol yana da ƙarfi ga ƙananan ƙarfe waɗanda ba na ƙarfe ba, nau'ikan nau'ikan phosphate ko carboxylate da yawa dangane da acid Organic ana ƙara su, suna aiki azaman mai hanawa, yana ba su damar kawar da mummunan tasirin. Antifreezes tare da daban-daban na additives suna yin aikinsu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma babban bambancin su shine hanyoyin magance lalata.
Baya ga masu hana lalata, saitin abubuwan ƙari a cikin mai sanyaya G12 sun haɗa da ƙari tare da wasu mahimman kaddarorin. Alal misali, mai sanyaya dole ne ya kasance yana da anti-kumfa, lubricating Properties da abubuwan da ke hana bayyanar sikelin.
Menene bambanci tsakanin G12 da G11, G12+ da G13
Babban nau'ikan maganin daskarewa, kamar G11, G12 da G13, sun bambanta da nau'in ƙari da ake amfani da su: Organic da inorganic.
Janar bayani game da antifreezes, menene bambanci tsakanin su da kuma yadda za a zabi da hakkin coolant
Sanyaya Class G11 ruwa na asalin inorganic tare da ƙaramin saiti na ƙari, kasancewar phosphates da nitrates. An halicci irin wannan maganin daskarewa ta amfani da fasahar silicate. Silicate additives suna rufe saman ciki na tsarin tare da ci gaba da kariya mai kariya, ba tare da la'akari da kasancewar wuraren lalata ba. Ko da yake irin wannan Layer yana kare cibiyoyin lalata da aka rigaya daga lalacewa. Irin wannan maganin daskarewa yana da ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali, canja wurin zafi mara kyau da kuma ɗan gajeren rayuwar sabis, bayan haka yana haɓakawa, yana haifar da abrasive kuma yana lalata abubuwa na tsarin sanyaya.
Sau da yawa G11 maganin daskarewa ya koma kore ko launin shuɗi. Ana amfani da wannan coolant don motocin da aka kera kafin 1996 shekara da mota tare da babban girma na tsarin sanyaya.
A Turai, da ikon ƙayyadaddun na maganin daskarewa azuzuwan na da Volkswagen damuwa, sabili da haka, m VW TL 774-C marking bayar da yin amfani da inorganic Additives a maganin daskarewa da aka sanya G 11. A VW TL 774-D bayani dalla-dalla bayar ga kasancewar abubuwan da ake amfani da su na tushen carboxylic acid kuma an lakafta shi azaman G 12. Ka'idodin VW TL 774-F da VW TL 774-G ana yiwa alama tare da azuzuwan G12 + da G12 ++, kuma mafi rikitarwa da tsadar G13 antifreeze an tsara shi ta hanyar VW TL 774-J misali. Ko da yake sauran masana'antun irin su Ford ko Toyota suna da nasu ingancin matsayin. Af, babu bambanci tsakanin maganin daskarewa da maganin daskarewa. Tosol yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan maganin daskarewa na ma'adinai na Rasha, wanda ba a tsara shi don yin aiki a cikin injuna tare da shingen aluminum.
A ruwa maki G12, G12+ da G13 nau'in maganin daskarewa "Long Life". Ana amfani dashi a tsarin sanyaya motoci na zamani ƙera tun 1996 G12 da G12+ bisa ethylene glycol amma kawai G12 Plus ya ƙunshi amfani da fasaha na zamani samarwa wanda aka haɗa fasahar silicate tare da fasahar carboxylate. A cikin 2008, ajin G12 ++ kuma ya bayyana, a cikin irin wannan ruwa, an haɗa tushen kwayoyin halitta tare da ƙaramin adadin abubuwan ma'adinai (wanda ake kira). lobrid Lobrid ko SOAT coolants). A cikin magungunan antifreezes, ana haɗe abubuwan haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta tare da abubuwan da ba a haɗa su ba (ana iya amfani da silicates, nitrites da phosphates). Irin wannan haɗin fasaha ya ba da damar kawar da babban abin da ya faru na G12 antifreeze - ba kawai don kawar da lalata ba lokacin da ya riga ya bayyana, amma har ma don yin aikin rigakafi.
Sanyaya Class G13 ruwa an samar tun 2012 kuma an tsara shi don injin ICEs da ke aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayi. Ta fuskar fasaha, ba ta da wani bambanci daga G12, kawai bambanci shi ne wanda aka yi da propylene glycol, wanda ba shi da guba, yana raguwa da sauri, wanda ke nufin yana haifar da ƙarancin cutarwa ga muhalli lokacin da aka zubar da shi kuma farashinsa ya fi na G12 antifreeze. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira bisa buƙatun don inganta ƙa'idodin muhalli. G13 antifreeze yawanci ruwan hoda ne ko ruwan hoda, ko da yake a zahiri ana iya fentin shi a kowane launi, tunda rini ne kawai wanda halayensa ba su dogara da shi ba, masana'antun daban-daban na iya samar da masu sanyaya tare da launuka daban-daban da inuwa.
Bambanci a cikin aikin carboxylate da silicate antifreeze
G12 antifreeze karfinsu
Shin yana yiwuwa a haxa antifreezes na azuzuwan daban-daban da launuka daban-daban na ban sha'awa ga ƴan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun motocin da suka sayi motar da aka yi amfani da su kuma ba su san wane nau'in sanyaya ya cika a cikin tankin faɗaɗa ba.
Kamar yadda muka yi bayani a baya. kalar baya shafar dukiya, kuma masana'antun daban-daban na iya yin fenti a launuka daban-daban, amma har yanzu iri ɗaya ne akwai ka'idoji da aka yarda gaba ɗaya. Mafi yawan maganin daskarewa sune kore, shuɗi, ja, ruwan hoda da orange. Wasu ma'aunai na iya ma daidaita amfani da ruwa mai inuwa daban-daban, amma launin maganin daskarewa shine ma'auni na ƙarshe da yakamata a yi la'akari. Ko da yake sau da yawa ana amfani da kore don nunawa ruwa mafi ƙasƙanci G11 (silicate). Don haka bari mu ce Mix maganin daskare G12 ja da ruwan hoda (carboxylate) an yarda da shi, da kuma maganin daskarewa na tushen kwayoyin halitta kawai ko kuma ruwan da ba su da tushe, amma kuna buƙatar sanin hakan. daga masana'antun daban-daban "mai sanyaya" na iya kasancewa tare da daban-daban na additives da chem. Bugu da kari, abin da ba za a iya tsammani ba! Irin wannan rashin daidaituwa na G12 antifreeze yana cikin babban yuwuwar cewa amsawar na iya faruwa tsakanin abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin abun da ke ciki, wanda zai kasance tare da hazo ko lalacewa a cikin halayen fasaha na coolant.
Don haka, idan kuna son ci gaba da aikin injin konewa na ciki, ku cika maganin daskarewa iri ɗaya da nau'in iri ɗaya, ko kuma gabaɗaya gaba ɗaya tsohon ruwan kuma ku maye gurbin shi da wanda kuka sani. karami Za'a iya yin sama da ruwa tare da ruwa mai narkewa.
Wanne maganin daskarewa don zaɓar
Lokacin da tambaya ta shafi zabin maganin daskarewa, ba kawai ta launi ba, har ma da aji, to ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da wanda mai ƙira ya nuna akan tankin faɗaɗa ko takardun fasaha na abin hawa. Tunda, idan an yi amfani da jan ƙarfe ko tagulla a cikin kera na'urar sanyaya mai sanyaya (wanda aka sanya a kan tsofaffin motoci), to, ba a so yin amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Antifreezes na iya zama nau'ikan 2: mai da hankali kuma an riga an diluted a masana'anta. Da farko, da alama babu wani babban bambanci, kuma direbobi da yawa suna ba da shawarar ɗaukar hankali, sannan a tsoma shi da ruwa mai tsafta da kanka, kawai gwargwadon (1 zuwa 1 don yanayin yanayin mu), yana bayyana hakan ta hanyar cewa ku. suna zuba ba karya ba , amma rashin alheri, shan maida hankali ba daidai ba ne. Ba wai kawai saboda haɗuwa a shuka ya fi dacewa ba, amma kuma saboda ruwan da ke cikin shuka yana tacewa a matakin kwayoyin kuma yana distilled, yana da alama datti idan aka kwatanta, don haka daga baya wannan zai iya rinjayar bayyanar adibas.
Yadda ake tsarma maganin daskarewa an ƙaddara ta tebur:
Yadda ake tsarma maganin daskarewa yadda ya kamata
Lokacin da mai sha'awar mota, lokacin da zabar wane maganin daskarewa ya fi dacewa don cika, yana mai da hankali ne kawai akan launi (kore, shuɗi ko ja), wanda a fili ba daidai bane, to zamu iya ba da shawarar wannan kawai:
- a cikin motar da ke da tagulla ko tagulla mai radiyo tare da tubalan simintin ƙarfe, kore, blue antifreeze ko antifreeze (G11);
- a cikin radiators na aluminum da injina na motoci na zamani, suna zuba ja, maganin daskarewa orange (G12, G12 +);
- Don ƙarawa, lokacin da ba su san ainihin abin da aka cika ba, suna amfani da G12 + da G12 ++.
Bambanci tsakanin ja, kore da blue antifreeze
Lokacin zabar maganin daskarewa, kula da abin da zai:
- babu laka a kasa;
- marufin ya kasance mai inganci kuma ba tare da kurakurai akan lakabin ba;
- babu wani kamshi mai ƙarfi;
- ƙimar pH ba ta ƙasa da 7,4-7,5;
- darajar kasuwa.
Daidaitaccen maye gurbin maganin daskarewa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da halayen fasaha na mota, da wasu ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuma kowane mai kera motoci yana da nasa.
Lokacin da kuka riga kuka zaɓi zaɓi mafi kyawun maganin daskarewa, to lokaci zuwa lokaci tabbatar da kula da launi da yanayin sa. Lokacin da launi ya canza sosai, wannan yana nuna matsaloli a cikin CO ko yana nuna ƙarancin ingancin antifreeze. Canje-canjen launi yana faruwa lokacin da maganin daskarewa ya rasa abubuwan kariya, to dole ne a maye gurbinsa.