Airbus: Masana'antar Jiragen Sama ta Turai na gaba Sashe na 1

Jirgin A380, wanda Airbus ya kira babban jirgin sama na karni na 21, shi ne jirgin fasinja mafi girma a duniya. Emirates ita ce mafi girma mai amfani da A380.

A karshen shekarar 2018, an ba da odar kwafi 162, daga cikin 109. Daga cikin 53 da suka rage, an soke 39, ta yadda za a kawo karshen kera jirgin A380 a shekarar 2021.

Jirgin na Turai ya damu da Airbus shine mafi girma a Tsohuwar Nahiyar kuma daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin kera jiragen sama da jirage masu saukar ungulu a duniya, da tauraron dan adam, bincike, motoci harba da sauran na'urorin sararin samaniya. Dangane da jirgin fasinja mai karfin kujeru sama da 100, Airbus ya yi nasarar yin fafatawa da Boeing na Amurka kan shugabancin duniya tsawon shekaru.

Airbus SE (Societas Europaea) wani kamfani ne na haɗin gwiwar da aka jera a kan musayar hannun jari na Paris, Frankfurt am Main, Madrid, Barcelona, ​​​​Valencia da Bilbao. Kashi 73,68% na hannun jari suna cikin zagayawa. Gwamnatin Faransa ta hannun Société de Gestion de Partitions Aéronautiques (Sogepa) ta mallaki kashi 11,08% na hannun jari, gwamnatin Jamus ta hannun Gesellschaft zur Beteiligungsverwaltung GZBV mbH & Co. KG - 11,07% da Gwamnatin Spain ta hanyar Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) - 4,17%. Kwamitin gudanarwa na mutane 12 ne ke tafiyar da kamfanin da kuma kwamitin gudanarwa (hudumar) mai mutane 17. Shugaban Hukumar shine Denis Rank kuma Shugaban da Shugaba shine Thomas "Tom" Enders. Airbus yana aiki a cikin manyan sassa uku (layin kasuwanci): Airbus Commercial Aircraft (ko kuma kawai Airbus) yana ba da jirgin fasinja na farar hula tare da damar fiye da kujeru 100, Airbus Helicopters - helikofta na farar hula da na soja, da Airbus Defence and Space - Jirgin soja (Soja) Bangaren jirgin sama)) , motocin jirage marasa matuki, tsarin farar hula da na soja (Space Systems), da kuma tsarin sadarwa, tsarin leken asiri da tsaro (CIS).

A318 shine mafi ƙarancin samfurin jirgin sama da Airbus ke ƙera. An yi amfani da shi azaman tushe don nau'in fasinja 318-318 na A14 Elite (ACJ18).

Hotuna: A318 in Frontier Airlines launuka.

Airbus SE yana da hannun jari a kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Airbus Commercial Aircraft yana da hannun jari na 50% a ATR (Avions de Transport Regional), mai kera turboprops 30 zuwa 78 don sadarwar yanki (sauran 50% mallakar Leonardo ne). Tsaro na Airbus da Space yana da hannun jari na 46% na Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH, wanda ke samar da mayakan Typhoon (sauran abokan haɗin gwiwar BAE Systems - 33% da Leonardo - 21%) da 37,5% na kamfanin tsaro MBDA (sauran abokan haɗin gwiwar BAE Systems - 37,5% da Leonardo - 25%). Shi kadai ne mai kamfanin STELIA Aerospace da Premium AEROTEC, manyan masu samar da sassa da kayan aiki a duniya da kuma kera tsarin jiragen farar hula da na soja. A ranar 7 ga Maris, 2018, Airbus ya sayar da reshensa na Plant Holdings, Inc. Motorola Solutions, kuma a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, Héroux-Devtek Inc. Kamfanin Compañía Española de Sistemas Aeronáuticos SA (CESA) ya dogara ne a Jamus.

A cikin 2018, Airbus ya ba da rikodin jirgin fasinja 93 ga abokan cinikin kasuwanci 800 (82 fiye da na 2017, sama da 11,4%). Waɗannan sun haɗa da: 20 A220s, 626 A320s (ciki har da 386 sabon A320neos), 49 A330s (ciki har da A330neos uku na farko), 93 A350 XWBs da 12 A380s. Kimanin kashi 34% na yawan jiragen sun tafi ga masu amfani da su a Asiya, 17% a Turai, 14% a Amurka, 4% a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka da kuma 31% ga kamfanonin haya. Wannan ita ce shekara ta goma sha shida a jere da Airbus ya sami karuwar adadin jiragen da ake sayarwa. Littafin oda ya karu da raka'a 747 ban da kimar kasida na Yuro biliyan 41,519 kuma ya kai adadin rikodi na raka'a 7577 na adadin Yuro biliyan 411,659! Daga farkon shekarar 2018 zuwa karshen shekarar 19, Airbus ya karbi odar jiragen fasinja 340 iri-iri, samfuri da iri daga abokan ciniki 414, daga cikinsu an kai 11. A halin yanzu, abokan ciniki 763 ne ke amfani da jirgin Airbus 433.

Dangane da jirage masu saukar ungulu, Airbus Helicopters sun ba da raka'a 356 a bara kuma sun karɓi oda don rukunin yanar gizon 381 tare da ƙimar kasida na Yuro biliyan 6,339. Littafin odar a ƙarshen shekara ya kai raka'a 717 wanda ya kai Yuro biliyan 14,943. Tsaro da sararin samaniyar Airbus sun karɓi oda don ƙimar kuɗaɗen kasida na Yuro biliyan 8,441, wanda ya kawo koma baya a fannin zuwa Yuro biliyan 35,316. Jimlar darajar oda na littafin gabaɗayan ƙungiyar har zuwa Disamba 31, 2018 shine Yuro biliyan 461,918.

A shekarar da ta gabata, Airbus SE ya samu hadadden tallace-tallace na Yuro biliyan 63,707, babban riba (EBIT; pre-haraji) na Yuro biliyan 5,048 da kuma samun kudin shiga na Yuro biliyan 3,054. Idan aka kwatanta da 2017, kudaden shiga ya karu da Yuro biliyan 4,685 (+8%), babban riba da Yuro biliyan 2,383 (+89%) da kuma ribar da aka samu ta €693 miliyan (+29,4%). Kudaden shiga da kudaden shiga na kowane bangare (bayan yin la'akari da asarar da aka yi a kan masana'antu da sauran ayyuka) sun kasance kamar haka: Airbus Commercial Aircraft - 47,199 biliyan (+ 10,6%) da 4,295 biliyan (+ 90%), Airbus Helicopters - 5,523 biliyan (-5,7, 366%) da Yuro miliyan 48 (+10,985%), Tsaro na Airbus da Space - Yuro biliyan 4,7 (+676%) da Yuro miliyan 46 (+74,1%). Don haka, rabon Airbus Commercial Aircraft a cikin jimlar kuɗin da ƙungiyar ta samu shine 8,7%, Airbus Helicopters - 17,2%, Airbus Defence and Space - 36,5%. Geographically, 23,297% na kudaden shiga (€ 27,9 biliyan) ya fito ne daga tallace-tallace a Asiya Pacific; 17,780% (17,5 biliyan) - a Turai; 11,144% (10 biliyan) - a Arewacin Amirka; 6,379% (2,3 biliyan) - a Gabas ta Tsakiya; 1,437% (5,8 biliyan) - a Latin Amurka; 3,670% (3,217 biliyan) - a wasu ƙasashe. An kashe Yuro biliyan 14,6 akan bincike da haɓakawa, wanda shine 2017% fiye da na 2,807 (Biliyan XNUMX).

Haihuwar Airbus.

A farkon shekarun 60, masana'antun jiragen sama na Turai sun fara rasa gasar duniya ga kamfanonin Amurka Boeing, Lockheed da McDonnell Douglas. Hatta kamfanonin jiragen sama na Turai sun kara sha'awar tashi jiragen Amurka. A karkashin wadannan sharudda, hanya daya tilo da za a yi nasara - kuma a cikin dogon lokaci don tsira a kasuwa kwata-kwata - ita ce hada karfi da karfe, kamar yadda ya faru a shirin jirgin saman na Concorde. Don haka, an sami ƙarin fa'idodi guda biyu: an kawar da gasa mai gajiyar da juna kuma an rage nauyin kuɗi a kan ƙungiyoyin da abin ya shafa (kowane ɗayan abokan haɗin gwiwa ya ɗauki wani ɓangare na farashin shirin).

A tsakiyar 60s, saboda karuwar yawan fasinjoji cikin sauri, masu jigilar kayayyaki na Turai sun sanar da bukatar sabon jirgin sama mai karfin akalla kujeru 100, wanda aka tsara don yin gajeru da matsakaitan hanyoyi a mafi ƙarancin farashi. Godiya ga irin waɗannan ƙayyadaddun halaye, da sauri jirgin ya sami sunan da ba na hukuma ba na airbus (airbus). Dangane da mayar da martani, kamfanonin BAC na Burtaniya da Hawker Siddeley sun ɓullo da ƙira na farko dangane da jirgin 1-11 na farko da na Trident, bi da bi, yayin da Sud Aviation na Faransa ya haɓaka ƙirar jirgin Galion. Sa'an nan, Hawker Siddeley, tare da kamfanonin Faransa Bréguet da Nord Aviation, sun ƙera ƙirar farko don jirgin HBN 100. Bi da bi, kamfanonin Jamus ta Yamma Dornier, Hamburger Flugzeugbau, Messerschmitt, Siebelwerke-ATG da VFW sun kirkiro Studientgruppe Airbus Arbeitsgembuseinschaft Airbus), da kuma a kan Satumba 2 1965 canza zuwa Deutsche Airbus), domin nazarin yiwuwar tasowa wani dace jirgin sama da kansu ko fara hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen waje abokan.

Jirgin saman China Eastern Airlines A319 da aka nuna a cikin hoton shine dangin 320th AXNUMX da suka taru a Tianjin, China. FALC ita ce layin haɗuwar Airbus na farko a wajen Turai.

A watan Oktoba na 1965, kamfanonin jiragen sama na Turai sun canza bukatunsu na Airbus, suna saita shi zuwa karfin akalla kujeru 200-225, kewayon kilomita 1500, kuma farashin aiki kusan 20-30% kasa da na Boeing 727-200. A cikin wannan yanayin, duk ayyukan da ake da su sun ƙare. Don tallafawa ci gaban jirgin na Airbus, gwamnatocin Burtaniya, Faransa da Tarayyar Jamus kowannensu ya zaɓi ƙungiyar ƙasa ɗaya don haɓaka sabon aikin tare: Hawker Siddeley, Sud Aviation da Arbeitsgemeinschaft Airbus. Tushen ci gaba da aiki shi ne aikin wani jirgin sama mai faffadan injin tagwayen HBN 100, wanda yanzu ya kera HSA 300. Duk da haka, Faransawa ba su ji daɗin wannan nadi ba, domin a nasu ra'ayi, ya tallata Hawker Siddeley Aviation, ko da yake a bisa ƙa'ida. ya fito ne daga haruffan farko na sunayen dukkan abokan tarayya guda uku. Bayan doguwar tattaunawa, an amince da nadin A300, inda harafin A ke nufin Airbus, kuma lamba 300 ita ce mafi girman adadin kujerun fasinja.

A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1966, kamfanoni ukun da aka ambata a sama sun gabatar da bukatar gwamnatocin kasashensu tare da neman hadin kan shirin daga kasafin kudin jihohi. A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1967, Ministocin Tattalin Arziki da / ko Sufuri na Burtaniya, Faransa da Jamus sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta farko "don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da samar da jiragen sama" da nufin "ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar Turai a fagen. na fasahar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama kuma ta haka ne ke inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da fasaha a Turai". An sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta musamman, wacce ta fara aiwatar da tsarin ci gaban shirin, a watan Satumba na waccan shekarar a Landan. Faransa da Burtaniya za su dauki kashi 37,5% na farashin shirin kowanne, da Jamus 25%. Sud Aviation ya zama babban kamfani, tare da injiniyan Faransa Roger Beteil ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ci gaba.

Da farko, Rolls-Royce zai haɓaka sabbin injunan turbojet RB300 don A207. Koyaya, ta ba da fifiko ga haɓaka injunan RB211, waɗanda aka yi niyya galibi don kasuwar Amurka, dangane da aikin RB207 kusan ya ƙare. A lokaci guda kuma, ya zamana cewa kamfanonin jiragen sama na Turai sun sake duba hasashensu na ci gaban zirga-zirgar fasinja zuwa ƙasa.