Filin Jirgin saman Duniya 2021
Filin jirgin saman dakon kaya mafi girma a duniya shine Hong Kong, wanda ke sarrafa tan miliyan 5,02 (+12,5%). Akwai jigilar kaya 44 a cikin sufuri na yau da kullun, mafi girma daga cikinsu sune Cathay Pacific Cargo da Cargolux. Hoton filin jirgin saman Hong Kong.
A shekarar 2021 rikicin da ya barke, filayen jiragen saman duniya sun yi amfani da fasinjoji biliyan 4,42 da kuma tan miliyan 124 na kaya, kuma jiragen sadarwa sun yi ayyukan tashi da saukar jiragen sama miliyan 69. Dangane da shekarar da ta gabata, yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ya karu da 31,5%, 14% da 12%, bi da bi. Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa: Atlanta (fasinjoji miliyan 75,7), Dallas/Fort Worth (fasinja miliyan 62,5), Denver, Chicago, O'Hare da Los Angeles Cargo tashar jiragen ruwa: Hong Kong (ton miliyan 5,02), Memphis, Shanghai. , Anchorage da kuma Seoul. Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda goma da aka fi aiwatar da su suna cikin Amurka, tare da Atlanta (Opera 708), Chicago O'Hare da Dallas/Fort Worth akan filin wasa.
Kasuwar sufurin jiragen sama na daya daga cikin manyan sassan tattalin arzikin duniya. Yana haɓaka haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa da kasuwanci kuma wani abu ne da ke ba da kuzari ga ci gabanta. Tashar jiragen sama na sadarwa da filayen saukar jiragen sama da ke aiki a kansu su ne babban abin kasuwa. Suna yawanci kusa da biranen agglomerations, kuma saboda manyan wuraren da aka mamaye da kuma rigakafin hayaniya, yawanci suna kasancewa a nesa mai nisa daga cibiyoyinsu. Akwai filayen saukar jiragen sama na sadarwa guda 2500 a duniya, daga manya-manya, inda jiragen sama suke gudanar da ayyuka dari da dama a kowace rana, zuwa mafi karami, inda ake gudanar da su lokaci-lokaci. Abubuwan kayan aikin su sun bambanta kuma sun dace da girman zirga-zirgar da suke gudanarwa. Dangane da halaye na aiki da fasaha da kuma yuwuwar yin hidima ga wasu nau'ikan jiragen sama, ana rarraba filayen jirgin sama bisa ga tsarin lambobin tunani. Ya ƙunshi lamba da harafi, wanda lambobi daga 1 zuwa 4 ke wakiltar tsawon titin jirgin sama, kuma haruffa daga A zuwa F suna ƙayyade ma'aunin fasaha na jirgin.
Kungiyar da ta hada filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama a duniya ita ce Majalisar Filin Jiragen Sama ta kasa da kasa ACI, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1991. Yana wakiltar abubuwan da suke so a cikin shawarwari da shawarwari tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, sabis na iska da masu ɗaukar kaya, kuma suna haɓaka matakan sabis na tashar jiragen ruwa. A cikin Janairu 2022, masu aiki 717 sun shiga ACI, suna aiki da filayen jirgin sama 1950 a cikin ƙasashe 185. 95% na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na duniya suna faruwa a can, wanda ke ba da damar yin la'akari da kididdigar wannan ƙungiyar a matsayin wakilin duk hanyoyin sadarwa na jirgin sama. ACI World yana da hedikwata a Montreal kuma yana goyan bayan kwamitoci na musamman da rundunonin aiki kuma yana da ofisoshin yanki guda biyar: ACI Arewacin Amurka (Washington); ACI Turai (Brussels); ACI-Asiya/Pacific (Hong Kong); ACI-Afirka (Casablanca) da ACI-Amerika ta Kudu/Caribbean (Panama City).
Kididdigar tafiya ta jirgin sama 2021
Kididdiga ta ACI ta nuna cewa a bara, filayen jirgin saman duniya sun yi hidimar fasinjoji biliyan 4,42, wanda ya kai biliyan 1,06 fiye da shekara guda a baya, amma biliyan 4,73 kasa da kafin barkewar cutar ta 2019 (-52%). Idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata, zirga-zirgar kaya ta karu da kashi 31,5%, tare da mafi girman abubuwan da aka rubuta a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewacin Amurka (71%) da Kudancin Amurka. (52%). A cikin manyan kasuwanni biyu na Turai da Asiya, zirga-zirgar fasinja ya karu da kashi 38% da 0,8%, bi da bi. A cikin ƙididdiga, mafi yawan fasinjoji sun isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Arewacin Amirka (+560 miliyan fasinjoji) da Turai (+280 miliyan). Canje-canjen yanayi na annoba a cikin ƙasashe ɗaya ya yi tasiri sosai kan sakamakon shekarar da ta gabata. Yawancin wuraren tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama suna fuskantar nau'ikan takunkumi iri-iri, ko kuma tashi zuwa wasu filayen jirgin sama suna da alaƙa da matsaloli, kamar shiga keɓewa ko gwaji mara kyau ga Covid-19.
A cikin kwata na farko, ayyukan filayen jirgin saman sun mamaye gaba daya ta hanyar tsauraran takunkumin cutar. Daga watan Janairu zuwa Maris, an yi wa fasinjoji miliyan 753 hidima, wanda ya kasance raguwar layukan da ya kai miliyan 839 idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata. (-53%). Daga kwata na biyu, jigilar iska ta fara farfadowa sannu a hankali, kuma wannan lokacin ya ƙare tare da fasinjoji miliyan 1030 (23% na sakamakon shekara). Wannan haɓaka sau huɗu ne idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon kwata na 2020 (fasinja miliyan 251).
A cikin kwata na uku, filayen jiragen sama sun yi hidima ga fasinjoji miliyan 1347 (30,5% na sakamakon shekara), wanda ya karu da 83% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin na shekarar da ta gabata. An ƙididdige karuwar mafi girma a cikin kwata-kwata na zirga-zirgar kaya a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewacin Amurka (159%), Turai (102%) da Kudancin Amurka. A cikin kwata na huɗu, tashoshin jiragen ruwa sun yi jigilar jirage miliyan 1291. (29% na sakamakon shekara), da tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama a cikin ƙasashe ɗaya ya dogara da ƙayyadaddun takunkumin tafiye-tafiye. Tashoshin ruwa a Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun sami mafi girman girma na kwata na 172% (-128%), yayin da tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Asiya da tsibiran Pacific suka yi asara (-6%).
A cikin sikelin duk 2021, yawancin filayen jirgin sama sun sami karuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a matakin 20% zuwa 40%. A cikin ƙididdiga, mafi yawan fasinjoji sun isa manyan cibiyoyin canja wuri na Amurka: Atlanta (+pass. +33 miliyan), Denver (+25 fasinjoji), Dallas/Fort Worth (+23 miliyan fasinjoji), Chicago, Los Angeles , Orlando da Las Vegas, a gefe guda, sun ƙi a: London Gatwick (-mutane miliyan 3,9), Guangzhou (-mutane miliyan 3,5), Filin jirgin saman Heathrow na London (-mutane miliyan 2,7)), Babban birnin Beijing (-mutane miliyan 2) . .), Shenzhen da London Stansted. Daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na sama, tashar jiragen ruwa a Orlando ta rubuta mafi girman haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka (fasinjoji miliyan 40,3, haɓaka 86,7%), wanda ya tashi daga matsayi na 27 (a cikin 2020) zuwa matsayi na bakwai.
Tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a duniya dangane da yawan fasinjojin kasa da kasa ita ce Dubai, wacce ta yi wa mutane miliyan 29,1 hidima (+12,7%). Jiragen sama 98 ne ke amfani da filin jirgin, mafi girma daga cikinsu sune Emirates Airline da FlyDubai.
Annobar Covid-19 ba ta yi mummunan tasiri kan jigilar kaya ba. A cikin 2021, tashoshin jiragen ruwa sun sarrafa tan miliyan 124 na kaya, watau. 15 miliyan ton fiye da shekara guda da suka wuce (+ 14%), yawanci saboda karuwar tallace-tallace na kan layi na kayan masarufi, da kuma karuwar bukatar sufurin iska na kayan aikin likita. kayayyakin, ciki har da alluran rigakafi. Manyan manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa goma sun sarrafa ton miliyan 31,5 (25% na zirga-zirgar kaya a duniya), suna yin rikodin haɓakar kashi 12%. Daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa, Tokyo Narita (31%), Los Angeles (20,7%) da Doha sun yi rikodin mafi girma, yayin da Memphis ya ragu (-2,9%).
Filayen jiragen sama sun gudanar da tashin jiragen sama da saukar jiragen sama miliyan 69 a bara, wanda ya karu da kashi 12% idan aka kwatanta da na bara. Tashoshi goma mafi yawan cunkoson jama'a, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 8% na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na duniya (ayyukan miliyan 5,3), sun sami haɓakar 34%, amma wannan ya kai kashi 16% ƙasa da yadda ake yi kafin bala'in 2019), Las Vegas (54%), Houston (50%) ). %), Los Angeles da Denver. A gefe guda, a cikin sharuddan lambobi, an rubuta mafi yawan adadin ayyuka a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa masu zuwa: Atlanta (+41 dubu), Chicago (+160 dubu), Denver da Dallas/Fort Worth.
Kididdigar zirga-zirgar fasinja a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ACI na duniya sun nuna farfaɗo da manyan filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama da komawar su zuwa saman matsayi. Yayin da muke taka tsantsan game da farfadowa na dogon lokaci, shirye-shiryen kara buɗe kasuwannin jiragen sama na iya haifar da haɓakar haɓakarsu tun farkon rabin na biyu na 2022. ACI World na ci gaba da yin kira ga gwamnatoci da su sanya ido kan kasuwar tafiye-tafiye ta jirgin sama tare da kara saukaka takunkumin tafiye-tafiye. Wannan zai bunkasa farfadowar tattalin arzikin duniya ta hanyar rawar da jiragen sama ke takawa wajen raya kasa: kasuwanci, yawon bude ido, zuba jari da samar da ayyukan yi,” in ji Luis Felipe de Oliveira, shugaban kamfanin ACI, yana takaita ayyukan filayen jiragen sama na duniya a bara.
