ABS shekaru 25

Duk da cewa motocin na farko sun fi na yau sannu a hankali, abin da ya faru shi ne, maimakon ta tsaya, motar ta ci gaba da tafiya da takalmi.

Matsalolin kulle ƙafafu lokacin birki sun kusan tsufa kamar motoci. Duk da cewa motocin na farko sun fi na yau sannu a hankali, abin da ya faru shi ne, maimakon ta tsaya, sai motar ta ci gaba da tafiya da takalmi.

Gwajin tsarin ABS na farko - hagu hanya mai kyau da riko, m a hagu.

A kan yunƙurin guje wa irin wannan yanayi, masu zanen kaya suna ta tada hankalinsu tun farkon ƙarni na 1936. Na'urar rigakafin kulle birki ta farko Bosch ta nemi takardar haƙƙin mallaka a 40. Koyaya, ba a samar da tsarin da yawa fiye da shekaru XNUMX ba. Koyaya, tsarin samfuri masu zuwa yana da kurakurai da yawa, sun yi jinkiri da tsada sosai don samarwa da yawa.

A 1964, Bosch ya fara gwada tsarin ABS. Bayan shekaru biyu, an sami sakamako na farko. Motocin suna da gajeriyar nisa ta birki, mafi kyawun kulawa da kwanciyar hankali. An yi amfani da ƙwarewar da aka tara a wancan lokacin wajen gina tsarin ABS1, wanda har yanzu ana amfani da abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin zamani a yau. ABS-1 ya fara aiwatar da ayyukansa a cikin 1970, amma yana da wahala sosai - ya ƙunshi abubuwan analog 1000. Bugu da kari, dorewarsu da amincinsu ba su isa ba tukuna don sanya tsarin cikin samarwa. Gabatar da fasahar dijital ya rage adadin abubuwa zuwa 140. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin tsarin zamani akwai sauran abubuwan da ke cikin ABS 1.

Late 70s - ABS ya zo Mercedes.

A sakamakon haka, kawai ƙarni na biyu na ABS, bayan shekaru 14 na bincike, ya zama mai tasiri da aminci har an yanke shawarar sanya shi cikin samarwa. Duk da haka, yanke shawara ce mai tsada. Lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a cikin 1978, an ba da ita ga manyan motocin alfarma - na farko Mercedes S-Class sannan kuma BMW 7 Series. Duk da haka, an samar da tsarin ABS miliyan a cikin shekaru 8. a cikin 1999, adadin tsarin ABS da aka samar ya wuce raka'a miliyan 50. A cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata, farashin samar da ABS na ƙarni na gaba ya ragu sosai cewa a yau ana ba da wannan tsarin har ma da ƙananan motoci masu arha. ABS a halin yanzu yana da kashi 90 cikin dari. ana sayarwa a Yammacin Turai. Duk motocin dole ne su kasance suna da shi tun tsakiyar 2004.

Masu aikin injiniya suna ƙoƙari su ci gaba da sauƙaƙe tsarin, rage yawan abubuwan da aka gyara (wanda zai kara yawan dogara) da rage nauyi.

Hakanan ana haɓaka ayyuka da iyawar tsarin, wanda yanzu ya ba da damar rarraba wutar lantarki ta lantarki tsakanin axles.

Lokacin birki a kusurwa, abin hawa mara ABS nunin faifai da sauri.

ABS kuma ya zama tushen ci gaban tsarin kamar ASR, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1987, don hana tsalle-tsalle yayin haɓakawa da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki na ESP. Wannan bayani, wanda Bosch ya gabatar a cikin 1995, yana inganta kwanciyar hankali ba kawai lokacin yin birki da hanzari ba, amma har ma a wasu yanayi, kamar lokacin tuki a kan masu lankwasa a kan m saman. Ba wai kawai rage motsin kowane mutum bane, amma kuma yana rage ikon injin a cikin yanayin da akwai haɗarin ƙetare.

Yadda ABS ke aiki

Kowane dabaran yana da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke ba da rahoton haɗarin toshe ƙafafun. A wannan yanayin, tsarin yana sauƙaƙe matsa lamba a cikin layin birki zuwa dabaran toshewa. Lokacin da ya fara juyawa akai-akai, matsa lamba zai dawo daidai kuma birki ya fara birki ƙafafun kuma. Ana maimaita algorithm iri ɗaya duk lokacin da dabaran ta kulle lokacin da direba ya taka birki. Dukan zagayowar yana da sauri sosai, saboda haka jin motsin bugun jini, kamar dai akwai gajeriyar bugun jini a cikin ƙafafun.

Ba ya yin abubuwan al'ajabi

A kan hanya mai santsi, motar da ke dauke da ABS za ta tsaya a baya fiye da mota ba tare da wannan tsarin ba, wanda "ya zame" wani ɓangare na nisan birki a kan ƙafafun kulle. Duk da haka, a kan hanya mai kyaun riko, mota mai ABS ta tsaya kusa da motar da ke zazzage tayoyin kulle-kulle, ta bar hanyar roba baƙar fata a baya. Hakanan ya shafi filaye maras kyau kamar yashi ko tsakuwa.