4-injin bugun jini

4-bar waltz

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Banda wasu ƴan bugun jini guda biyu da ba kasafai ake samu ba, bugun huɗun shine kusan nau'in injin ɗin da ake samu akan ƙafafun mu biyu a yau. Bari mu ga yadda yake aiki da mene ne sassansa.

An haifi injin bawul a cikin 1960s ... a cikin karni na 19 (1862 don aikace-aikacen patent). Masu ƙirƙira guda biyu za su sami ra'ayi ɗaya kusan lokaci guda, amma a duniya, Otto Otto na Jamus ya doke Bafaranshe Beau de Roche. Wataƙila saboda ƙayyadaddun sunansa. Mu ba su hakkinsu, domin ko a yau wasan da muka fi so ya ba su kyandir abin alfahari!

Kamar sake zagayowar bugun jini 2, za a iya samun zagayowar 4-stroke tare da injin kunna wuta, wanda aka fi sani da "man fetur," ko matsi, wanda aka fi sani da diesel (eh, akwai tsarin dizal mai bugun jini guda biyu. !). Ƙarshen sashi.

Duniya mai rikitarwa ...

Ainihin ka'idar koyaushe ta kasance iri ɗaya, tsotsa cikin iska (oxidizer), wanda aka haɗe shi da man fetur (man fetur) don ƙone su kuma ta haka ne amfani da makamashin da aka fitar don tuka abin hawa. Koyaya, wannan ya bambanta da matakan biyu. Muna ɗaukar lokaci don yin komai da kyau. A haƙiƙa, wannan ƙirƙira ta camshaft (AAC) tana da wayo sosai. Shi ne wanda ke sarrafa buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen bawul da rufewa, nau'ikan "cikawar injin da magudanar ruwa". Dabarar ita ce juya AAC sau 2 a hankali fiye da crankshaft. A zahiri, yin AAC yana buƙatar hasumiya na crankshaft guda biyu don kammala cikakken zagayowar buɗaɗɗen bawuloli da kusa. Koyaya, AAC, bawuloli da tsarin sarrafa su suna haifar da rikici, don haka nauyi da masana'anta sun fi tsada kuma. Kuma tunda muna amfani da konewa sau ɗaya kawai a kowane hasumiya biyu, daidai gwargwado muna sakin ƙarancin kuzari kuma, saboda haka, ƙarancin kuzari fiye da bugun jini biyu ...

ƙaramin hoto 4-stroke sake zagayowar

Yanayin aiki

Sakin fistan ne ke haifar da kura kuma, don haka, tsotsa cakuduwar iskar gas a cikin injin. Lokacin da aka saukar da piston, ko ma da ɗan baya, bawul ɗin ci yana buɗewa don kawo cakuda a cikin Silinda. Lokacin da fistan ya isa ƙasa, bawul ɗin yana rufewa don hana haɗuwa daga turawa waje, yana ɗaga piston. Daga baya, bayan nazarin rarraba, za mu ga cewa a nan, kuma, za mu jira kadan kafin rufe bawul ...

Matsawa

Yanzu da Silinda ya cika, komai yana rufe kuma piston ya tashi, ta haka ne ya matsa cakuda. Ya mayar da shi zuwa ga kyandir, wanda yake da wayo sosai a cikin ɗakin konewa. Rage haɓakar haɗin gwiwa da haɓakar haɓakar matsa lamba zai haɓaka yawan zafin jiki, wanda zai taimaka ƙonawa. Jim kadan kafin fistan ya kai saman (madaidaicin tsaka-tsaki, ko PMH), toshewar tartsatsin yana ƙonewa kafin lokacin fara konewa. Lallai ita kamar wuta ce, ba ta gushewa nan take, sai ta watsu.

Konawa / shakatawa

Yanzu yana dumama! Matsin lamba, wanda ke ƙaruwa zuwa kusan mashaya 90 (ko 90 kg a kowace cm2), yana tura piston da ƙarfi zuwa ƙaramin tsaka tsaki (PMB), yana haifar da crankshaft ya juya. Ana rufe dukkan bawuloli koyaushe don cin gajiyar matsa lamba, saboda wannan shine kawai lokacin da aka dawo da makamashi.

Shaye shaye

Lokacin da piston ya ƙare bugun jini na ƙasa, makamashin da aka adana a cikin crankshaft zai mayar da shi zuwa PMH. Anan ne mashinan shaye-shaye ke buɗe don sakin iskar hayaƙi. Don haka, injin da babu komai a shirye yake ya sake tsotse ruwan cakuda don sake sake zagayowar sabon zagayowar. An juya injin ɗin sau 2 don rufe cikakken zagayowar bugun jini 4, kowane lokaci kusan juyi 1⁄2 kowane juzu'in zagayowar.

Akwatin kwatanta

Mafi hadaddun, nauyi, tsada da ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da bugun bugun jini 2, bugun bugun 4 yana fa'ida daga ingantaccen inganci. sobriety, wanda shine sau 4 ya bayyana ta mafi kyawun bazuwar matakai daban-daban na sake zagayowar. Don haka, a daidai matsewa da gudu, bugun jini 4 ya yi sa'a ba sau biyu mai ƙarfi kamar bugun bugun 2 ba. A haƙiƙa, daidaitattun ƙaura da aka siffanta asali ga GP, 500 bugu biyu-buguwa / 990cc bugun jini huxu, ya dace da shi. Sa'an nan, a lokacin 3 cc episode ... Mun dakatar sau biyu don kada su dawo ... zuwa wasan wannan lokaci! Koyaya, don yin wasa ko da, bugun jini huɗu dole ne su juya da sauri fiye da silinda da aka haƙa. Misali, ba zai iya yi ba tare da wasu al'amuran surutu ba. Saboda haka gabatarwar mufflers sau biyu akan injunan TT bawul.