Cajin motocin lantarki a cikin mintuna 10. kuma tsawon rayuwar batir godiya ga ... dumama. Tesla yana da shi tsawon shekaru biyu, yanzu masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙira shi

An yi imanin cewa ƙwayoyin lithium-ion na zamani suna yin aiki mafi kyau a cikin ɗaki, saboda suna samar da daidaito mai ma'ana tsakanin saurin caji da lalata cell. Koyaya, ya zama cewa dumama su kafin yin caji yana ba ku damar ƙara ƙarfin caji kuma baya yin tasiri sosai akan yawan baturi.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

• Mechanism daga Tesla tare da binciken kimiyya
  • Babban matsala tare da ƙwayoyin lithium-ion shine lithium da aka kama. Ko dai a cikin SEI ko graphite. Kuma ko da ƙarancin lithium = ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki
  • Mafi girman zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci = amintaccen caji tare da ƙarin ƙarfi
  • Sakamako? A hannun yatsanka: caji 200-500 kW da shekaru 20-50 na rayuwar baturi

Tesla ya kara tsarin zafin baturi a cikin motocinsa a cikin 2017. a ƙananan zafin jiki. An yi zaton cewa hakan zai kara yawan zirga-zirgar jirgin a cikin hunturu da kuma hanzarta caji a lokacin sanyi. Koyaya, dumama da sanyaya a cikin kanta ba bincike na musamman bane, masana'antun da yawa suna amfani da sel masu sanyaya / masu zafi sosai ko cikakkun fakitin baturi.

> Yaya ake sanyaya batura a cikin motocin lantarki? [LISSIN MAFIYA]

Makullin ya juya Dumama ta hanyar da za ta hanzarta aiwatar da caji ba tare da lalata sel ba.... Da alama bayan sabuntawa ya bayyana a fili abin da zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance don rage raguwar lokacin caja. Yanayin zafin batirin kafin haɗawa da Supercharger (kafin dumama a ƙarshe a cikin 2019: dumama baturi akan hanya) an haɗa shi har abada a cikin software tun lokacin da Supercharger v3 ya fara a cikin Maris 2019:

> Tesla Supercharger V3: kewayon mintuna 270 na kusan kilomita 10, ikon caji 250 kW, igiyoyi masu sanyaya ruwa [sabuntawa]

Masana kimiyya a Cibiyar Electrochemical Motors a Jami'ar Jihar Penn kawai sun tabbatar da cewa Tesla ya yi gaskiya. Kuma wannan yana nufin Ana cajin motocin lantarki a cikin mintuna 10 z tare da damar da yawa ɗaruruwan kilowatts i kar a damu da lalacewar ƙarfin baturi shekaru da yawa, har sai an zaɓi ainihin zafin da ƙwayoyin sel suke zafi.

Amma bari mu fara daga farkon:

Babban matsala tare da ƙwayoyin lithium-ion shine lithium da aka kama. Ko dai a cikin SEI ko graphite. Kuma ko da ƙarancin lithium = ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki

An yarda dashi gabaɗaya cewa mafi kyawun zafin aiki don ƙwayoyin lithium-ion shine zafin jiki... Don haka, hanyoyin kwantar da baturi mai aiki suna tabbatar da cewa sel ba su yi zafi da yawa ba (bayan haka, ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a kiyaye ma'aunin 20 na ma'aunin Celsius ba).

Yanayin zafin jiki yana ba ku damar hana haɓakar Layer na wucewa - ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i mai ƙarfi na electrolyte, wanda ke taruwa akan lantarki kuma yana ɗaure ions lithium; SEI - da kuma ɗaurin lithium ions a cikin lantarki na graphite. Ƙara yawan zafin jiki yana nufin cewa duka matakai suna haɓaka. Kuna iya ganin wannan bayan gwajin farko.

> Ana jayayya da Tesla a Jamus. Don "Autopilot", "Cikakken tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa"

Masana kimiya a Cibiyar Motocin Electrochemical sun tabbatar da hakan Kwayoyin lithium-ion da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki kawai suna ɗaukar caji kusan 50 a 6 ° C. (watau sau 6 fiye da ƙarfin tantanin halitta, alal misali, ana cajin tantanin halitta 0,2 kWh tare da tushen 1,2 kW, da dai sauransu).

Don kwatanta, mahaɗin guda ɗaya:

• cikin sauki suka isa 2 caje a 500C (ga motar da batir 40 kWh yana da 40 kW, ga mota mai baturi 80 kWh 80 kW, da dai sauransu).
• sun riga sun dade caji 200 kawai a 4C.

A lokaci guda kuma, ta hanyar "juriya" muna nufin asarar kashi 20 cikin XNUMX na ikon asali, saboda wannan shine yadda aka fahimci kalmar a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.

Masu bincike a kan kwayoyin lithium-ion sun yi ƙoƙari na shekaru don magance wannan matsala ta hanyar canza nau'in electrolytes ko kuma ta hanyar shafa wa electrolytes da abubuwa daban-daban don hana tarkon lithium ions. Domin ion lithium da ke motsawa a cikin baturi ne ke da alhakin karfinsa.

> Renault-Nissan ya saka hannun jari a cikin Enevate: "Cajin baturi a cikin mintuna 5"

Ba zato ba tsammani, ya zama cewa za a iya magance matsalar cikin sauƙi. Ya isa ya zafi tantanin halitta don rage yawan matsalar tarko ions lithium. Abin baƙin cikin shine, mafi girman zafin jiki ya haifar da raguwar ƙarfin tantanin halitta ta wata hanya: lokacin da ƙaddamarwar lithium a cikin lantarki ya iyakance, matsalar girma na passivation Layer (SEI) ba a warware ba.

Ba da sanda ba, amma da sanda.

Mafi girman zafin jiki don gajeren lokaci = amintaccen caji tare da ƙarin ƙarfi

Duk da haka, masana kimiyya daga cibiyar bincike da aka ce sun yi nasarar gano tsaka-tsaki. Suka kira shi Hanyar daidaita yanayin zafi mai asymmetric... Suna dumama sinadarin na tsawon daƙiƙa 30 zuwa digiri 48 a ma'aunin celcius, sannan su yi cajin shi na tsawon mintuna 10 ta yadda tsarin a ƙarshe ya yi aiki kuma zafin jiki ya faɗi.

Me yasa ake ɗaukar mintuna 10 kawai don yin caji? To, a 6 C, wannan ya isa lokacin cajin baturi zuwa kashi 80 na ƙarfinsa. 6C na nufin samar da wutar lantarki:

• 240 kW don Nissan Leaf II
• 400 kW na Hyundai Kona Electric 64 kWh,
• 480 kW don samfurin Tesla 3.

Lokacin da aka caje daga kashi 0 zuwa 80, wannan babban ƙarfin yana buƙatar mintuna 10 na rage lokacin caja. Koyaya, idan adadin fitarwar baturi yayi ƙasa (kashi 10, kashi 15,...), tsarin samar da makamashi yana ɗaukar ko da ƙasa da mintuna 10!

Na'urar sanyaya batirin dole ne kawai ta tabbatar da cewa zafin batirin bai tashi sama da digiri 50 ba (masu binciken sun ce digiri 53 a ma'aunin celsius) don iyakance adadin abin da ake ƙirƙira ƙirar wucewa. A lokaci guda, ɗan gajeren lokacin caji yana ba da damar rage lokacin girma.

Sakamako? A hannun yatsanka: caji 200-500 kW da shekaru 20-50 na rayuwar baturi

Masana kimiyya sun iya tabbatar da cewa kwayoyin NMC622 da aka bi da su ta wannan hanya suna iya jure wa cajin 1 tare da ikon 700 C da asarar har zuwa 6 bisa dari na iyawa. Cajin 20 ba su da ban sha'awa sosai, amma idan muka yi tafiyar kilomita 1 a shekara kuma baturin yana da damar 700 kWh, wannan shine Sakamakon yana canzawa zuwa shekaru 23 na aiki.

Mun ƙara da cewa batura da kewayon motocin lantarki suna girma, kuma Poles yawanci suna tafiya ƙasa da kilomita 20 80 a kowace shekara, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙarfin baturi ya kamata ya ragu zuwa kashi 30 cikin kusan shekaru 50 zuwa XNUMX.

> Nan! Motar lantarki ta farko tare da ainihin kewayon kilomita 600 shine Tesla Model S Long Range.

Warto poczytać: asymmetric yanayin yanayin zafi don caji mai sauri na batir lithium-ion

Hoton buɗewa: electroplating (shafin lithium) na lantarki dangane da zafin jiki na tantanin halitta (c) Cibiyar injin lantarki

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