Rufe rufin sama, sashi na 10

Ƙarshen tsarawa da sayayya a cikin 1936-39. sun kasance, a cikin wasu abubuwa, bindigogin anti-jirgin da girman 90 mm. Kayan aikin da ke ba ku damar kare tsarin tsaro na iska yadda ya kamata a cikin manyan birane da cibiyoyin masana'antu.

A cikin jerin labaran da aka buga a cikin "Wojsko i Technika Historia" a cikin 2018 a ƙarƙashin taken gabaɗaya "Rufe rufin sama ...", kusan dukkanin batutuwan da suka shafi kai tsaye zuwa matsakaicin matsakaici da manyan bindigogi na Yaren mutanen Poland, da kuma yadda suke da alaƙa. An tattauna kayan tallafin gobara. Dakarun Sojin Poland, wanda wani shiri na zamani na zamani ya rungumi shi, sun gamu da tashe-tashen hankula da dama wadanda suka yi tasiri kai tsaye kan yanayinsu a lokacin zaman lafiya da kuma yadda suke fama da rikici. A cikin labarin da ya kammala zagayowar da ke sama, marubucin ya gabatar da abubuwa na ƙarshe na tsarin tsaron iska na zamani na Jamhuriyar Poland ta biyu, wanda aka ƙirƙira daga karce, kuma ya taƙaita duk ƙoƙarin da aka yi a 1935-1939.

A wani taro da hukumar jin dadin jama’a ta kasa ta gudanar a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba, 1936, an sake tattauna batun tsaron sama na yankin cikin gida (OPL OK), wanda a baya aka tattauna a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu da 31 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar. A yayin tattaunawar, an sake tabo batun kariya daga barazanar da ake samu daga iska, musamman bangaren sojoji. Dangane da lissafin da KSUS ta amince da shi a baya, kowane DP ya kamata ya kasance yana da platoons 4 na bindigogi 40-mm 2 kowanne. An ba da shawara mai ban sha'awa a nan cewa don isassun wutar lantarki a matsakaicin tsayi da nisa fiye da ingantacciyar kewayon bindigogi 40 mm, rabon kuma ya kamata ya kasance yana da aƙalla batir daban na bindigogin hannu mm 75. The postulate alama daidai ne, tun da ta wannan hanya ya kamata a magance ba kawai bam jirgin sama, amma kuma manyan bindigogi reconnaissance, wanda ya haifar da wani m matsala ga aiki raka'a.

Kafin samar da bindigogin anti-jirgin na Starachowice 75mm a cikin 75mm wz. 97/25 ya kafa tushen tsarin tsaron iska na Poland.

A cewar rundunar sojan Poland, motocin leken asiri suna aiki ne a matsakaicin tsayi na kimanin mita 2000 kuma suna cikin kewayon bindigogi 40-mm (ma'anar wannan bindigar ita ce kilomita 3). Matsalar ita ce, lura daga tsayin da aka ambata an yi shi a nesa na 4-6 kilomita daga wuraren abokan gaba. Wannan nisa ya wuce wz. 36. Domin ingantacciyar aiki, kwamandan wani baturi na bindigogi masu matsakaicin tsayi dole ne ya kasance yana da nasa kallo da kuma bayar da rahoto a matsayin batu don tattara bayanai game da motsi na sojojin sama na abokan gaba, a kalla a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin da aka sanya wa. shi ya rufe babban sashi. Babban abin da aka fi amfani da shi a nan wata dabara ce da ta wuce tsarin al'ada na harbin kallo kai tsaye da kuma ba da izinin harbi ta kunne (na'urorin sauti). Don haka ƙaddamar da cewa yakamata a yi amfani da batura masu cin gashin kansu ta hanyar masu horarwa, kodayake a wannan matakin aikin ƙungiyar tsaro ta iska da daddare ba a la'akari da shi ba (rashin abubuwan da suka dace, na'urori, da sauransu).

Abin takaici, ƙarfafawar murfin aiki na sararin samaniya a kan DP ya kamata ya faru ne kawai a mataki na ƙarshe, na uku na shirin fadadawa. Na farko an mayar da hankali ne kan samar da manyan na'urori na dabara da kayan aiki mai girman mm 40, na biyu kuma wani mataki ne na cika adadin bindigogi a cikin batura har guda 6 ko 8. Mataki na uku shine samar da tsarin tsaro na iska tare da caliber na 75 mm ko fiye ga sojojin, zuwa ajiyar SZ kuma a mataki na karshe na DP. Ƙaddamar da mataki na uku, an kuma siffanta shi da wasu matsayi na ayyuka:

• • shirye-shiryen kariya na iska na Warsaw da farkon aiki a kan tsarin tsaro na iska na wasu muhimman abubuwa da aka nuna a kasa;
  • ba da manyan nau'ikan matakin aiki tare da manyan bindigogi masu saukar ungulu da ƙirƙirar ajiyar SZ;
  • shirya sauran sassan kasar domin tsaron sama;
  • tana ba da manyan na'urori na dabara tare da ƙarin 75-mm anti-jirgin makamai.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa a karshen shekarar 1936, tun kafin a gabatar da shirin "Z", akwai mahada zuwa 33rd bindigogi division, don haka da kiyasta bukatar shi ne kamar haka: 264 40-mm bindigogi ga DP. 78 40 13-mm bindigogi na BC, 132 75-mm bindigogi na DP. Ba a haɗa ƙungiyoyin motoci (RM) a cikin lissafin ba, kodayake haɓaka ya kasance a buɗe.

Lambobin BC har zuwa 15.

Ba ƙaramin ban sha'awa ba shine halin da ake ciki a matakin abin da ake kira. babban sashin aiki, watau. wata kungiya ko runduna daban-daban, wadanda a bangaren H ko R aka fara sanya su 7. Kowannen su sai ya kasance yana da gundumomi gauraye guda 1-3 na nasu, adadinsu bai wuce 12 ba. Abubuwan da kowanne daga cikinsu ya kasance kamar haka: 3 batura 75 -mm bindigogi - 4 bindigogi, 1 searchlight kamfanin 150 cm - 12 tashoshi, 1 baturi na 40-mm bindigogi - 6 bindigogi (3 platoons). Jimlar bindigogi 144 75 mm, 144 150 cm bincike fitulun, 72 40 mm igwa da 144 manyan bindigogi. Duk da haka, yawancin sababbin abubuwa suna bayyana a matakin OK NW da VL, kowannensu ya kasu kashi gabas da yamma, yana nuna manyan sassa uku na ayyukan jiragen sama na abokan gaba (Table 1). Babban kwamandan, a cikin yanayin N ko R, yakamata ya kasance yana da manyan makamai masu linzami guda 5, wanda babban aikinsu shine kare cibiyoyi masu tsari da ke cikin wurare masu haɗari. Kowane layin ajiyar NW zai ƙunshi batura 3 na bindigogi 90-105 mm (bindigogi 12), kamfani 1 na fitilun bincike 150 cm da baturi 1 na bindigogi 40 mm (bindigogi 6).

Jimlar: 60 90-105mm cannons, 60 150cm fitilun bincike, 30 40mm da 60 manyan bindigogi. A ƙarshe, yankin na ciki, wanda gaba ɗaya ya kasance cikin isa ga jiragen abokan gaba, wanda ya haɗa da 10 abin da ake kira. yankuna da 5 tsauraran cibiyoyin birane. Na biyun an shigar da su cikin shirin ne akasari kan kudaden cibiyoyin sadarwa da muhimman cibiyoyin jihar, wadanda ya kamata a ce a kalla suna da karancin kariya daga barazanar iska. Yin la'akari da bukatun cikin gida, ya kamata a ƙirƙiri nau'ikan raka'a guda biyu: ƙungiyoyin haske a cikin nau'i na squadron na 75-mm semi-stationary ko mobile bindigogi - 3 baturi, 1 searchlight kamfanin - 12 posts, 1 baturi na 40- bindigogi mm da makamai 6; ƙungiyoyi masu tsayi na wannan abun da ke ciki, amma bindigogin anti-jirgin 90-105-mm yakamata su maye gurbin bindigogin 75-mm.

Gabaɗaya, kashi na ƙarshe na laima na yaƙi da jiragen sama na Commonwealth na Biyu shine ya ƙunshi 336 75-mm cannons, 48 ​​​​90-105-mm cannons, 300/384 150-cm bincike da manyan bindigogi 384. A cikin duka, aiwatar da duk shawarwarin don "New Organization of Anti-Aircraft Artillery" ya jawo hankalin 1356 anti-aircraft bindigogi WP, 504/588 anti-aircraft searchlights da 654 manyan bindigogi don kare harbi matsayi na batura a wani tsawo. tsawo har zuwa 800 m. don maye gurbin wani yanki na NKM 20 mm bindiga mai nauyi. Da dabi'un da ke cikin labarin sun kasance masu ban sha'awa, yayin da shekarun farko na aiwatar da sabuwar kungiyar zaman lafiya, wanda aka tsara aƙalla don lokacin 1937-1938, ya kamata a kashe don karɓar kayan aikin caliber mai shigowa 40 mm da kuma hanzarta horar da ma'aikata.