Ƙarfafa tsarin - na'urar

Motar da ke da injin konewa na ciki tana buƙatar tsarin da ake fitar da iskar gas. Irin wannan tsarin, wanda ake kira shaye-shaye, ya bayyana a lokaci guda tare da ƙirƙirar injin kuma, tare da shi, an inganta shi kuma an sabunta shi tsawon shekaru. Abin da tsarin shaye-shaye na mota ya kunsa da kuma yadda kowannensu ke aiki, za mu gaya muku a cikin wannan kayan.

Uku ginshiƙai na shaye tsarin

Lokacin da aka ƙone cakuda iska da man fetur a cikin injin silinda, ana samar da iskar gas, wanda dole ne a cire shi don a cika silinda da adadin da ake bukata na cakuda. Don waɗannan dalilai, injiniyoyin kera motoci sun ƙirƙira tsarin shaye-shaye. Ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda uku: shaye-shaye da yawa, mai canzawa (converter), muffler. Bari mu yi la'akari da kowane bangare na wannan tsarin daban.

Tsarin tsarin cirewa. A wannan yanayin, resonator shine ƙarin muffler.

Rukunin shaye-shaye ya bayyana kusan lokaci guda tare da injin konewa na ciki. Na'ura ce ta injina da ta ƙunshi bututu da yawa waɗanda ke haɗa ɗakin konewar kowane silinda na injin zuwa mai juyawa na catalytic. An yi ɗimbin shaye-shaye da ƙarfe (simintin ƙarfe, bakin karfe) ko yumbu.

Da yawa

Tun da mai tarawa koyaushe yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin zafi mai zafi, masu tarawa da aka yi da baƙin ƙarfe da bakin karfe sun fi "aiki". Mai tara bakin karfe shima ya fi dacewa, tunda condensate yana taruwa a cikin naúrar yayin aikin sanyaya bayan abin hawa ya tsaya. Namiji na iya lalata simintin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare, amma lalata ba ya faruwa a kan madaurin bakin karfe. Amfanin yumbu mai yawa shine ƙarancin nauyi, amma ba zai iya jure yanayin zafi mai zafi na dogon lokaci da fasa ba.

Hamann shaye-shaye da yawa

Ka'idar aiki na yawan shaye-shaye yana da sauƙi. Gas masu fitar da iskar gas suna wucewa ta cikin bawul ɗin shaye-shaye zuwa ɗimbin shaye-shaye kuma daga nan zuwa mai jujjuyawar catalytic. Bugu da ƙari, babban aikin cire iskar gas, manifold yana taimakawa wajen tsaftace ɗakunan konewa na injin da kuma "tattara" wani sabon sashi na iskar gas. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda bambancin matsa lamba gas a cikin ɗakin konewa da yawa. Matsalolin da ke cikin manifold ya fi ƙasa da ɗakin konewa, don haka ana samun raƙuman ruwa a cikin bututu masu yawa, wanda, wanda aka nuna daga mai kama wuta (resonator) ko catalytic Converter, ya koma ɗakin konewa, kuma a wannan lokacin a cikin na gaba. shaye shaye yana taimakawa wajen kawar da kashi na gaba na iskar gas Saurin ƙirƙirar waɗannan raƙuman ruwa ya dogara da saurin injin: mafi girman saurin, saurin igiyoyin zai "tafiya" tare da mai tarawa.

Daga ɗimbin shaye-shaye, iskar gas ɗin da ke fitar da iskar gas ta shiga cikin mai canzawa ko mai juyawa. Ya ƙunshi yumbun zuma na yumbu, wanda a samansa akwai Layer na platinum-iridium gami.

Tsare-tsare na mai canza catalytic

Bayan haɗuwa da wannan Layer, nitrogen da oxygen oxides suna samuwa daga iskar iskar gas a sakamakon raguwar sinadarai, wanda ake amfani da shi don ƙona ragowar man fetur a cikin sharar gida. A sakamakon aikin da mai kara kuzari reagents, cakuda nitrogen da carbon dioxide shiga cikin shaye bututu.

A karshe dai, abu na uku da ake amfani da shi wajen fitar da hayakin mota, shi ne na’urar da aka kera don rage yawan hayaniya a lokacin da hayaki ke fitowa. Shi kuma, ya ƙunshi abubuwa guda huɗu: bututun da ke haɗa resonator ko mai kara kuzari zuwa mai shiru, mai shiru da kansa, bututun shaye-shaye da tip ɗin bututun mai.

Muffler

Gas ɗin da aka tsarkake daga ƙazanta masu cutarwa suna zuwa daga mai kara kuzari ta cikin bututu zuwa maƙalar. Jikin muffler an yi shi da nau'ikan nau'ikan karfe: talakawa (rayuwar sabis - har zuwa shekaru 2), aluminized (rayuwar sabis - shekaru 3-6) ko bakin karfe (rayuwar sabis - shekaru 10-15). Yana da ƙirar ɗakuna da yawa, tare da kowace ɗakin da aka tanadar da buɗewa ta hanyar da iskar gas ke shiga ɗakin na gaba bi da bi. Godiya ga wannan tacewa da yawa, iskar iskar gas ɗin suna damp, raƙuman sauti na iskar gas suna damp. Daga nan sai iskar gas ta shiga cikin bututun shaye-shaye. Ya danganta da ƙarfin injin da aka sanya a cikin motar, adadin bututun da ake fitarwa zai iya bambanta daga ɗaya zuwa huɗu. Abu na ƙarshe shine tip bututun shaye-shaye.

Motocin Turbocharged suna da ƙananan mufflers fiye da motocin da ake so. Gaskiyar ita ce injin injin yana amfani da iskar gas don aiki, don haka kawai wasu daga cikinsu suna shiga cikin tsarin shaye-shaye; don haka waɗannan samfuran suna da ƙananan mufflers.