Kun san abin da waɗannan gajerun suke nufi?
Motocin zamani suna cunkushe kawai tare da nau'ikan tsari iri-iri, aikin farko wanda shine haɓaka aminci da kwanciyar hankali. Ana nuna na ƙarshe ta ƴan gajerun haruffa waɗanda yawanci suna nufin kaɗan ga masu amfani da abin hawa na yau da kullun. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi ƙoƙari ba kawai don bayyana ma'anar su ba, har ma don bayyana ka'idar aiki da wuri a cikin motocin da shahararrun masu kera motoci ke bayarwa.
Na kowa, amma an san su?
Ɗayan tsarin da aka fi sani kuma wanda ake iya gane shi wanda ke shafar lafiyar tuƙi shine tsarin hana kulle birki, watau. ABS (Eng. Anti-kulle tsarin birki). Ka'idar aikinsa ta dogara ne akan sarrafa jujjuyawar dabaran, wanda aka yi ta na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Idan ɗayansu ya juya a hankali fiye da sauran, ABS yana rage ƙarfin birki don guje wa cunkoso. Daga Yuli 2006, duk sababbin motocin da aka sayar a cikin Tarayyar Turai, ciki har da Poland, dole ne a sanye su da ABS.
Wani muhimmin tsarin da aka sanya akan motocin zamani shine tsarin kula da matsi na taya. TPMS (daga eng. Taya tsarin kula da matsa lamba). Ka'idar aiki ta dogara ne akan lura da matsa lamba na taya da faɗakar da direba idan ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. Ana yin wannan a mafi yawan lokuta ta hanyar na'urori masu auna matsa lamba mara waya da aka sanya a cikin tayoyin ko a kan bawuloli, tare da nuna gargadi akan dashboard (zaɓi kai tsaye). A gefe guda, a cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin, ba a auna matsa lamba na taya a kan ci gaba, amma ana ƙididdige darajarta bisa tushen bugun jini daga tsarin ABS ko ESP. Dokokin Turai sun sanya na'urori masu auna matsa lamba akan duk sabbin motocin da suka fara a watan Nuwamba 2014 (a baya TPMS ya zama tilas ga motocin da tayoyin gudu).
Wani mashahurin tsarin da ya zo daidai da duk abin hawa shine Tsarin Tsantsar Wutar Lantarki, taƙaitacce ESP (jap. Tsarin daidaitawa na lantarki). Babban aikinsa shi ne rage ƙetare motar yayin tuƙi tare da lanƙwasawa. Lokacin da na'urori masu auna firikwensin suka gano irin wannan yanayin, tsarin lantarki yana birki ɗaya ko fiye da ƙafafu don kula da madaidaicin yanayin. Bugu da kari, ESP yana tsoma baki tare da sarrafa injin ta hanyar tantance matakin haɓakawa. A karkashin sanannen gajartawar ESP, tsarin yana amfani da Audi, Citroen, Fiat, Hyundai, Jeep, Mercedes, Opel (Vauxhall), Peugeot, Renault, Saab, Skoda, Suzuki da Volkswagen. Ƙarƙashin wani taƙaitaccen bayani - DSC, ana iya samuwa a cikin BMW, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, Volvo motoci (a ƙarƙashin taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani - DSTC). Sauran sharuɗɗan ESP waɗanda za a iya samu a cikin motoci: VSA (mai amfani da Honda), VSC (Toyota, Lexus) ko VDC - Subaru, Nissan, Infiniti, Alfa Romeo.
Ƙananan sanannun amma mahimmanci
Yanzu lokaci ya yi don tsarin da ya kamata ya kasance a cikin motar ku. Daya daga cikinsu shine ASR (daga Turanci Acceleration Slip Regulation), i.e. tsarin da ke hana zamewar dabaran lokacin farawa. ASR yana magance zamewar ƙafafun da ake watsa abin tuƙi, ta amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Lokacin da na ƙarshe ya gano ƙetare (slip) na ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafun, tsarin yana toshe shi. A yayin da aka yi gaba dayan axle skid, na'urorin lantarki suna rage ƙarfin injin ta hanyar rage hanzari.A cikin tsofaffin samfuran mota, tsarin yana dogara ne akan ABS, yayin da a cikin sabbin samfura, ESP ya karɓi aikin wannan tsarin. Tsarin ya dace musamman don tuki a cikin yanayin hunturu da kuma motocin da ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ana kiran wannan tsarin ASR akan Mercedes, Fiat, Rover da Volkswagen. A matsayin TCS, za mu hadu da shi a Ford, Saab, Mazda da Chevrolet, TRC a Toyota da DSC a BMW.
Wani muhimmin tsari mai mahimmanci kuma shine tsarin taimakon birki na gaggawa - BAS (daga Tsarin Taimakon Birki na Turanci). Taimaka wa direba a cikin yanayin zirga-zirga wanda ke buƙatar amsa gaggawa. An haɗa tsarin zuwa na'urar firikwensin da ke ƙayyadadden saurin danna fedal ɗin birki. A cikin lamarin kwatsam daga direban, tsarin yana ƙara matsa lamba a cikin tsarin birki. Saboda haka, cikakken ƙarfin birki ya isa da wuri. A cikin ingantaccen sigar tsarin BAS, ana kuma kunna fitilun haɗari ko fitilun birki suna walƙiya don faɗakar da wasu direbobi. Wannan tsarin yanzu yana ƙara daidaitaccen ƙari ga tsarin ABS. Ana shigar da BAS a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan, ko BA a takaice, akan yawancin motocin. A cikin motocin Faransa, za mu iya samun gajarta AFU.
Tsarin da ke inganta amincin tuƙi shine, ba shakka, kuma tsari ne EBD (Eng. Rarraba Brakeforce Electronic), wanda shine madaidaicin rarraba ƙarfin birki. Ka'idar aiki ta dogara ne akan ingantawa ta atomatik na ƙarfin birki na kowane ƙafafun, don abin hawa yana kula da waƙar da aka zaɓa. Wannan yana da amfani musamman lokacin da aka rage jinkirin a kan masu lanƙwasa a hanya. EBD tsarin ƙarfafa ABS ne wanda a yawancin lokuta daidai yake akan sababbin ƙirar mota.
Cancantar shawara
Daga cikin tsarin da ke tabbatar da amincin tuki, za mu iya samun tsarin da ke ƙara jin daɗin tafiya. Daya daga cikinsu shine ACC (Turanci mai daidaita yanayin jirgin ruwa), i.e. sarrafa cruise mai aiki. Wannan sanannen kulawar tafiye-tafiye ne, wanda aka ƙara shi ta tsarin sarrafa sauri ta atomatik dangane da yanayin zirga-zirga. Babban aikinsa shine kiyaye nisa mai aminci daga abin hawa a gaba. Bayan saita ƙayyadaddun gudu, motar za ta rage ta atomatik idan akwai kuma birki a kan hanyar da ke gaba, kuma tana sauri lokacin da ta gano hanyar kyauta. Ana kuma san ACC da wasu sunaye. Misali, BMW yana amfani da kalmar "active cruise control" yayin da Mercedes ke amfani da sunayen Speedtronic ko Distronic Plus.
Duba cikin manyan fayiloli tare da sababbin ƙirar mota, sau da yawa muna samun gajarta AFL (Tsarin Hasken Gaba). Waɗannan su ne abin da ake kira fitilun fitilu masu daidaitawa, waɗanda suka bambanta da fitilun fitilun gargajiya domin suna ba ku damar haskaka sasanninta. Ana iya aiwatar da aikinsu ta hanyoyi biyu: a tsaye da tsauri. A cikin motocin da ke da fitilun kusurwa, ban da fitilolin mota na yau da kullun, ana iya kunna fitulun taimako (misali fitilolin hazo). Sabanin haka, a cikin tsarin hasken wuta mai ƙarfi, fitilun fitilun fitilun suna bin motsin tuƙi. Mafi sau da yawa ana samun tsarin fitilun fitillu masu daidaitawa a matakan datsa tare da fitilun bi-xenon.
Hakanan yana da kyau a kula da tsarin gargaɗin layi. Farashin AFILsaboda shi ne game da shi, ya yi gargadin ketare layin da aka zaɓa ta amfani da kyamarori da ke gaban motar. Suna bin hanyar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, suna bin layin da aka zana a kan titin, suna raba hanyoyin guda ɗaya. A yayin da aka yi karo ba tare da siginar juyi ba, tsarin yana gargaɗi direba da siginar sauti ko haske. An shigar da tsarin AFIL akan motocin Citroen.
Bi da bi, a karkashin sunan Taimakon Lane Za mu iya samunsa a cikin Honda da motocin da ƙungiyar VAG (Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft) ke bayarwa.
Tsarin da ya dace a ba da shawara, musamman ga waɗanda ke yawan tafiya mai nisa, shine Gargadin direba. Wannan tsari ne da ke lura da gajiyawar direba ta hanyar yin nazari akai-akai kan yadda ake kiyaye alkiblar tafiya da kuma santsin motsin sitiyarin. Dangane da bayanan da aka tattara, tsarin yana gano halayen da za su iya nuna barcin direba, alal misali, sannan ya gargaɗe su da siginar haske da na ji. Ana amfani da tsarin faɗakarwar direba a cikin Volkswagen (Passat, Focus), kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan Taimakon Taimakawa - a cikin Mercedes (aji E da S).
Su (a halin yanzu) na'urori ne kawai…
Kuma a ƙarshe, tsarin da yawa waɗanda ke inganta amincin tuƙi, amma suna da lahani daban-daban - daga fasaha zuwa farashi, sabili da haka yakamata a bi da su - aƙalla don yanzu - azaman na'urori masu ban sha'awa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta BLIS (Turanci Tsarin Bayanin Spot Spot), wanda aikinsa shine gargadi game da kasancewar abin hawa a cikin abin da ake kira. "Yankin Makafi". Ka'idar aikinsa ta dogara ne akan saitin kyamarori da aka sanya a cikin madubai na gefe kuma an haɗa su da hasken gargadi wanda ke gargadin motoci a cikin sararin samaniya da ba a rufe da madubai na waje. Volvo ya fara gabatar da tsarin BLIS, kuma yanzu yana samuwa daga wasu masana'antun - kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan Taimako na gefe. Babban hasara na wannan tsarin shine babban farashinsa: idan kun zaɓi zaɓi na zaɓi, alal misali a cikin Volvo, farashin ƙarin ya kusan kusan. zloty.
bayani mai ban sha'awa kuma. Ородская безопасность, wato tsarin birki na atomatik. Zatonsa shine don hana haɗuwa ko aƙalla rage sakamakon su zuwa gudun kilomita 30 / h. Yana aiki a kan tushen radars shigar a cikin abin hawa. Idan ya gano cewa abin hawa na gaba yana gabatowa da sauri, motar za ta yi birki ta atomatik. Duk da yake wannan bayani yana da amfani a cikin zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar birane, babban hasararsa shine kawai yana ba da cikakkiyar kariya a cikin sauri zuwa 15 km / h. Wannan ya kamata ya canza nan da nan kamar yadda masana'anta suka ce sigar gaba za ta ba da kariya a cikin kewayon saurin 50-100 km / h. Tsaron birni daidai yake akan Volvo XC60 (wanda aka fara amfani dashi a can), da kuma S60 da V60. A cikin Ford, ana kiran wannan tsarin Active City Stop kuma a cikin yanayin Focus yana kashe ƙarin 1,6 dubu. PLN (akwai a cikin mafi kyawun nau'ikan kayan aikin kawai).
Na'urar ta yau da kullun ita ce tsarin gano alamar zirga-zirga. TSR (Ganewar alamar zirga-zirga ta Ingilishi). Wannan tsarin ne wanda ke gane alamun hanya kuma yana sanar da direba game da su. Wannan yana ɗaukar nau'i na faɗakarwa da saƙonnin da aka nuna akan dashboard. Tsarin TSR na iya aiki ta hanyoyi biyu: kawai dangane da bayanan da aka karɓa daga kyamarar da aka shigar a gaban motar, ko a cikin nau'i mai faɗaɗa tare da kwatanta bayanai daga kyamara da kewayawa GPS. Babban koma baya na tsarin gano alamar zirga-zirga shine rashin daidaito. Tsarin zai iya ɓatar da direba, alal misali, ta hanyar cewa yana yiwuwa a yi tuƙi da sauri a cikin wani sashe fiye da yadda aka nuna ta ainihin alamar hanya. Ana ba da tsarin TSR, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a cikin sabon Renault Megane Gradcoupe (misali akan matakan datsa mafi girma). Hakanan ana iya samun shi a cikin mafi yawan manyan motoci, amma a can, shigarwa na zaɓin na iya kashe zloty dubu da yawa.
Lokaci ya yi da na ƙarshe na tsarin “gadget” da aka kwatanta a cikin wannan labarin, wanda - dole ne in yarda - na sami matsala mafi girma a lokacin da aka zo rarraba ta ta fuskar fa'ida. Wannan ita ce yarjejeniyar NV, kuma a takaice NVA (daga Turanci Night Vision Assist), wanda ake kira tsarin hangen nesa na dare. Ya kamata a saukaka wa direban ganin hanya, musamman da daddare ko kuma a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Ana amfani da mafita guda biyu a cikin tsarin NV (NVA), waɗanda ke amfani da abin da ake kira na'urorin hangen nesa na dare ko aiki. Maganganun wucewa suna amfani da ingantaccen hasken da aka haɓaka daidai. Titin jirgin ƙasa mai aiki - ƙarin masu haskaka IR. A lokuta biyu, kyamarori suna rikodin hoton. Sannan ana nuna shi akan na'urorin da ke cikin dashboard ko kai tsaye akan gilashin motar. A halin yanzu, ana iya samun tsarin hangen nesa na dare a cikin manyan ƙididdiga masu yawa har ma da tsakiyar kewayon samfuran Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, Lexus, Audi da Honda. Duk da cewa suna ƙara tsaro (musamman lokacin tuƙi a waje da wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa), babban koma bayansu shine farashi mai yawa, misali, dole ne ku biya adadin adadin don sake fasalin BMW 7 Series tare da tsarin hangen nesa na dare. kamar dubu 10 zł.
Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da tsarin da tsarin da ake amfani da su a cikin motoci a cikin mu Masu tsabtace motocihttps://www.autocentrum.pl/motoslownik/
