Koyaushe duk-dabaran, watau bayyani na tsarin tuƙi 4×4

A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, 4 × 4 drive ya yi babban aiki. Ya tashi daga SUV zuwa motocin fasinja. Karanta jagorarmu zuwa duka tsarin tuƙi na axle.

Tuƙi mai ƙafafu huɗu, wanda aka rage shi azaman 4 × 4, yana da alaƙa da farko tare da motocin da ba a kan hanya. Ayyukansa shine inganta haɓakawa, da dai sauransu. jajircewa daga kan hanya, i.e. iya shawo kan cikas. Motar 4x4 tana taka irin wannan rawar a cikin mota ta al'ada ko SUV. Amma a wannan yanayin, ba muna magana ne game da iyawar ƙetare mafi kyau ba, amma game da rage yiwuwar tsalle-tsalle, watau. haka kuma game da inganta rikon hanya.

Duba kuma: Nau'in fayafai 4 × 4 - hoto

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa a karkashin kalmar gama gari "drive 4 × 4" da yawa nau'ikan mafita da tsarin suna ɓoye.

- Motar 4 × 4 tana aiki daban-daban a cikin abin hawa na kashe-kashe, motar kashe hanya, da motar fasinja ta yau da kullun, in ji Tomasz Budny, mai son ababen hawa da kuma salon kashe hanya.

Girman shaharar wannan mafita a cikin motocin fasinja galibi ana sarrafa su ta nau'ikan iri biyu: Subaru da Audi. Musamman ma a cikin akwati na ƙarshe, sunan quattro, wani bayani mai mahimmanci daga masana'antun Jamus, ya tabbatar da kansa sosai.

– Motar quattro yanzu alama ce ta Audi. Dangane da samfurin, ana amfani da hanyoyin fasaha daban-daban. A halin yanzu, ana sayar da kowane Audi na huɗu a cikin nau'in quattro, in ji Dokta Grzegorz Laskowski, shugaban horo a Kulczyk Tradex, wanda shine wakilin Poland na Audi.

Tuba mai toshewa

Tsarin tuƙi mai XNUMX-axle al'amari ne na shakka a cikin motocin da ba a kan hanya. Yawancin waɗannan motocin suna sanye da kayan aikin taimako. Axle ɗaya ne kawai (yawanci na baya) ana tuƙi a kowane lokaci, kuma direba yana yanke shawarar ko kunna tuƙi zuwa ga gatari na gaba idan ya cancanta.

Har zuwa kwanan nan, kusan dukkanin SUVs suna da levers biyu masu sarrafawa a cikin gidan - daya tare da akwatin gear, ɗayan tare da bambancin cibiyar, aikin wanda shine haɗa motar zuwa wani axle. A cikin SUVs na zamani, an karɓi wannan lever ta hanyar ƙananan maɓalli, ƙwanƙwasa ko ma maɓalli waɗanda ke kunna 4 × 4 tuƙi ta hanyar lantarki.

Duba kuma: Turbo a cikin mota - ƙarin iko, amma ƙarin matsala. Jagora

Don inganta juzu'i, kowane SUV mai mutunta kansa shima yana da akwatin gear, watau. wata hanyar da ke ƙara ƙarfin juzu'in da ake watsawa zuwa ƙafafun a cikin kuɗin gudu.

A ƙarshe, don SUVs mafi yawan da'awar, an yi nufin motoci sanye da bambance-bambancen tsakiya da makullai daban-daban akan kowane axles. Ana iya samun irin wannan tsarin, alal misali, a cikin Jeep Wrangler.

- Wannan samfurin yana da ikon yin amfani da bambance-bambancen iyaka na lantarki guda uku - gaba, tsakiya da baya. Wannan maganin yana ba da amsa cikin sauri ga canza yanayin tuki da ƙarin watsawa mai ƙarfi, "in ji Krzysztof Klos, ƙwararren samfur a Jeep Poland.

Ana amfani da filogi na gaba, musamman, a cikin Opel Frontera, Nissan Navara, Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Hilux.

Tuƙi ta atomatik

Duk da babban inganci na shawo kan cikas, filogin ɗin yana da wasu iyakoki. Da farko, ba za a iya amfani da shi a kan tudu mai wuya ba, wato, a kan hanya. Abu na biyu, yana da nauyi kuma bai dace da ƙananan motoci ba. Dole ne masu zanen kaya su nemi wani abu dabam.

Maganin shine clutches da yawa-faranti: viscous, electromechanical ko electromagnetic. Suna taka rawar cibiyar bambance-bambancen, kuma fasalinsu na gama gari shine sarrafa atomatik na tuƙi zuwa gatari wanda yake buƙatarsa ​​a halin yanzu. A al'ada guda ɗaya kawai ake tuƙi, amma lokacin da na'urori masu auna firikwensin lantarki suka gano zamewa a kan tuƙi, wasu daga cikin jujjuyawar za'a canza su zuwa ɗayan axle.

Viscous hada biyu

Har kwanan nan, wannan sanannen tsarin 4x4 ne a cikin motocin fasinja da wasu SUVs. Abubuwan amfani sune tsari mai sauƙi da ƙananan farashin samarwa.

Duba kuma: Tsarin birki - lokacin da za a canza fakiti, fayafai da ruwa - jagora

Tsarin ya ƙunshi nau'in faifan faifai da yawa da aka cika da mai mai kauri. Ayyukansa shine aika juzu'i ta atomatik zuwa ga gatari na biyu. Wannan yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da akwai babban bambanci a cikin saurin juyawa na gaba da na baya. Rashin hasara na wannan bayani shine yiwuwar overheating na inji.

Electromechanical kama

Electronics yana kunna violin na farko a nan. An shigar da mai kulawa na musamman a cikin tsarin tuƙi, wanda aikinsa shine sarrafa kullun bisa ga bayanan firikwensin da ke kula da motsi na mota.

Wannan tsarin zai iya jure nauyi da yawa fiye da haɗaɗɗun danko. Fiat da Suzuki (Fiat Sedici da Suzuki SX4 model) suna goyon bayan wannan bayani.

Electromagnetic kama

A wannan yanayin, tsarin multi-faifai yana aiki bisa ga ka'idar lantarki. Yana iya canja wurin karfin juyi zuwa axles kashi 50 zuwa kashi 50. Ana kunna tsarin lokacin da akwai bambanci a cikin gudu tsakanin ƙafafun gaba da na baya.

Misalin wannan a cikin hadadden tsari shine tsarin BMW xDrive. Ana taimakon injin ɗin ta tsarin ESP da tsarin birki wanda zai iya kulle bambance-bambance a kan gatura biyu.

Rashin lahani na duka waɗannan kama - electromechanical da electromagnetic - wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa, wanda ke ƙara farashin samarwa kuma, saboda haka, farashin mota. Suna da ɗorewa, amma idan aka samu raguwa, farashin gyara yana da mahimmanci.

Duba kuma: xenon ko halogen? Wanne fitilolin mota da za a zaɓa don mota - jagora

Baya ga BMW, Fiat da Suzuki, 4×4 drive ta atomatik rarraba juzu'i tsakanin axles, ciki har da. B: Honda CR-V, Jeep Compass, Land Rover Freelander, Nissan X-Trail, Opel Antara, Toyota RAV4.

Haldex, Thorsen da 4Matic

Tsarin Haldex da Torsen shine haɓaka ra'ayin rarraba ta atomatik tsakanin axles.

haldex

Kamfanin Haldex na kasar Sweden ne ya kirkiro wannan zane. Baya ga kamannin faranti da yawa, ana amfani da tsarin na'ura mai mahimmanci don canja wurin iko tsakanin axles. Amfanin wannan maganin shine yuwuwar hulɗar sa tare da injin da ke cikin tsaka-tsaki. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ƙananan ƙananan nauyi, amma yana da wuya a gyara.

Haldex shine tsarin tuƙi mai ƙarfi duka da Volvo da Volkswagen suka fi so.

torsos

Wannan nau'in 4 × 4 drive ya dogara da kayan saro tare da nau'i-nau'i guda uku na tsutsotsi a cikin axe. A cikin tuƙi na al'ada, ana canja wurin tuƙi zuwa gatari a cikin kashi 50/50 bisa ɗari. A cikin taron na skid, na'urar na iya canja wurin har zuwa 90% na karfin juyi zuwa ga axle inda skid ba ya faruwa.

Thorsen tsari ne mai inganci, amma kuma yana da kurakurai. Babban abu shine hadadden tsari da kuma tsadar farashin samarwa. Don haka ana iya samun Torsen a cikin manyan motoci masu daraja, gami da. in Alfa Romeo, Audi ko Subaru.

Duba kuma: Clutch - yadda ake guje wa sawa da wuri? Jagora

Af, kalmar Torsen ya kamata a bayyana. Sabanin sanannun imani, ba ya fito daga sunan mahaifi ba, amma taƙaitaccen sashi ne na sassan farko na kalmomin Ingilishi guda biyu: Torque da Sensing.

Har ila yau abin da ya kamata a ambata shi ne tsarin 4Matic da Mercedes ke amfani da shi, wanda ke amfani da nau'i uku. Ana rarraba tuƙi na dindindin akan duka axles a cikin adadin kashi 40 cikin ɗari. gaba, kashi 60 na baya.

Abin sha'awa, an warware batun tare da kulle bambancin. A cikin wannan tsarin, ana ba da gudummawar makullin zuwa birki. Idan ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafun ya fara zamewa, an birki shi na ɗan lokaci kuma ana ɗaukar ƙarin juzu'i zuwa ƙafafun tare da mafi kyawun riko. Ana sarrafa komai ta hanyar lantarki.

Amfanin tsarin 4Matic shine ƙananan nauyinsa, tun da masu zanen kaya sun yi nasarar kawar da sassa masu yawa na inji. Duk da haka, rashin amfani shine babban farashi. Mercedes yana amfani da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tsarin 4Matic. a ajin C, E, S, R da SUVs (aji M, GLK, GL).

Wojciech Frölichowski