Jirgin iska na injin: yaya yake aiki?

Don haifar da konewa a cikin injin zafi, ana buƙatar abubuwa masu mahimmanci guda biyu: man fetur da oxidizer. A nan za mu mayar da hankali ne kan lura da yadda Oxidant ke shiga cikin injin, wato iskar oxygen da ke cikin iska.

Misalin shan iska daga injin zamani

Samar da iska: wace hanya ce oxidizer ke bi?

Dole ne iskar da ke shiga cikin ɗakin konewa ta wuce ta hanyar kewayawa, wanda ke da abubuwa masu ma'ana da yawa, bari mu ga su yanzu.

1) Tace iska

Abu na farko da oxidizer ke shiga cikin injin shine tace iska. Na karshen yana da alhakin kamawa da kuma riƙe da yawa barbashi yadda ya kamata don kada su lalata abubuwan da ke cikin injin (ɗakin konewa). Koyaya, akwai saitunan tace iska da yawa. Da yawan barbashi da tarkon tacewa, da wahala iskar wucewa ta ke: hakan zai dan rage karfin injin (wanda zai dan rage numfashi), amma yana inganta ingancin iskar da zata shiga inji. (ƙananan ƙwayoyin parasitic). Sabanin haka, tacewa wanda ke wuce iska mai yawa (yawan kwararar ruwa) zai inganta aikin amma yana ba da damar ƙarin barbashi su shiga.

Yana buƙatar a canza shi akai-akai saboda yana toshewa.

2) Mitar iska

A cikin injuna na zamani, ana amfani da wannan firikwensin don nuna a cikin injin ECU yawan iskar da ke shiga injin, da kuma yanayin zafinsa. Tare da waɗannan sigogi a cikin aljihunka, kwamfutar za ta san yadda za a sarrafa allura da man fetur (petrol) ta yadda za a iya sarrafa konewa daidai (saturation na iska / man fetur).

Lokacin da ya toshe, ba ta ƙara aika madaidaicin bayanai zuwa kwamfutar: kashe wuta a dongle.

3) Carburetor (tsohuwar injin mai)

Tsofaffin injunan man fetur (kafin 90s) suna da carburetor wanda ya haɗu da ayyuka guda biyu: haɗa man fetur da iska da daidaita kwararar iska zuwa injin (hanzari). Daidaita shi wani lokaci yana iya zama mai ban sha'awa ... A yau, kwamfutar kanta tana ɗaukar iska / man fetur (don haka injin ku yanzu ya dace da canje-canje a yanayin yanayi: duwatsu, filayen, da dai sauransu).

4) Turbocharger (na zaɓi)

An ƙirƙira shi don haɓaka aikin injin ta hanyar ƙyale ƙarin iska don gudana cikin injin. Maimakon mu iyakance ta hanyar shigar da injuna (motsin piston), muna ƙara tsarin da zai "busa" iska mai yawa a ciki. Ta wannan hanyar, zamu iya ƙara yawan man fetur kuma sabili da haka konewa (mafi yawan konewa = ƙarin iko). Turbo yana aiki da kyau a manyan revs saboda iskar gas mai shayewa ne ke aiki dashi (mafi mahimmanci a babban revs). Compressor (supercharger) yayi kama da turbo, sai dai ikon injin yana motsa shi (ba zato ba tsammani ya fara juyawa a hankali, amma yana gudana a baya a RPM: karfin juyi yana da kyau a low RPM).

Akwai turbines na tsaye da kuma turbin na geometry masu canzawa.

5) Mai musayar zafi / intercooler (na zaɓi)

A cikin yanayin injin turbo, dole ne mu sanyaya iskar da compressor ke bayarwa (saboda haka turbo), saboda ƙarshen ya ɗan zafi yayin matsawa (gas ɗin da aka matsa yana zafi a zahiri). Amma sama da duka, sanyaya iska yana ba ku damar sanya ƙarin a cikin ɗakin konewa (gas mai sanyi yana ɗaukar ƙasa da sarari fiye da gas mai zafi). Don haka, ita ce mai musanya zafi: iskar da za a sanyaya ta ratsa ta wani daki mai manne da wurin da ya fi sanyi (wanda shi kansa yake sanyaya shi da sabo daga waje [iska / iska] ko ruwa [iska / ruwa]).

6) Makullin bawul (man fetur ba tare da carburetor)

Injin mai suna aiki ta hanyar haɗakar iska da man fetur daidai gwargwado, don haka ana buƙatar damper na malam buɗe ido don daidaita iskar da ke shiga injin. Injin diesel da ke aiki da iska mai yawa baya buƙatarsa ​​(injunan diesel na zamani suna da shi, amma saboda wasu dalilai, kusan dalilai na ƙima).

Lokacin haɓakawa tare da injin mai, duka iska da mai dole ne a kashe su: cakuda stoichiometric tare da rabo na 1/14.7 (man fetur / iska). Saboda haka, a ƙananan rpm, lokacin da ake buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin mai (saboda muna buƙatar iskar gas), dole ne mu tace iska mai shigowa don kada ya wuce shi. A gefe guda, lokacin da kuka haɓaka kan dizal, allurar mai kawai a cikin ɗakunan konewa yana canzawa (akan nau'ikan turbocharged, haɓaka kuma yana fara aika ƙarin iska cikin silinda).

7) yawan cin abinci

Nau'in abin sha ɗaya ne daga cikin matakai na ƙarshe a cikin hanyar iskar da aka sha. Anan muna magana ne game da rarraba iska da ke shiga kowane Silinda: hanyar ta raba zuwa hanyoyi da yawa (dangane da adadin silinda a cikin injin). Matsi da firikwensin zafin jiki suna ba kwamfutar damar sarrafa injin daidai. Manifold matsa lamba ne low a kan man fetur tare da low load (matsi ba cikakken bude, matalauta acceleration), yayin da a kan diesel shi ne ko da yaushe tabbatacce (> 1 bar). Don fahimta, duba ƙarin bayani a cikin labarin da ke ƙasa.

A kan man fetur tare da allurar kai tsaye, masu allurar suna nan a kan ma'auni don vaporing mai. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan maki-daya (tsofaffi) da nau'ikan ma'auni masu yawa: duba nan.

Wasu abubuwa suna haɗe zuwa nau'in abin sha:

• Gas Recirculation Valve: A kan injuna na zamani akwai bawul na EGR, wanda ke ba da damar sake zagayowar wasu daga cikin iskar. don cin abinci da yawa domin su sake wucewa cikin silinda (yana rage gurbatar yanayi: NOx ta hanyar sanyaya konewa. Ƙananan oxygen).
• Breather: Turin mai da ke tserewa daga akwati ya dawo tashar da ake sha.

8) Bawul mai shiga

A wannan mataki na karshe, iskar tana shiga injin ta wata ‘yar karamar kofa da ake kira da “inteke valve” wacce take budewa da rufewa kullum (daidai da zagayowar bugun jini 4).

Ta yaya kalkuleta ke ruɗe daidai?

Injin ECU yana ba da damar ingantacciyar ma'aunin duk "kayan aikin" godiya ga bayanin da aka bayar ta hanyar firikwensin / bincike daban-daban. Mitar kwarara tana nuna yawan iskar da ke shigowa da zafinta. Na'urar firikwensin matsa lamba da yawa yana ba ku damar gano matsi mai ƙarfi (turbo) ta hanyar daidaita na ƙarshe tare da sharar gida. Binciken lambda a cikin shaye-shaye yana ba da damar ganin sakamakon cakuda ta hanyar nazarin ikon iskar gas.

Topologies / Nau'in Taro

Anan akwai wasu majalisai ta man fetur (man fetur / diesel) da shekaru (fiye ko ƙasa da tsofaffin injuna).

Tsohon injin jigon na yanayi à

carburetor

Anan akwai kyakkyawar tsohuwar injin mai da ake nema ta halitta (80s/90s). Iska yana gudana ta cikin tacewa kuma cakudawar iska / mai tana ɗaukar carburetor.

Tsohon injin jigon turbo à carburetor

injin jigon alluran yanayi na zamani kaikaice

Anan ana maye gurbin carburetor tare da bawul ɗin maƙura da injectors. Zamani yana nufin cewa injin ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar lantarki. Saboda haka, akwai na'urori masu auna firikwensin da za su ci gaba da sabunta kwamfutar.

injin jigon alluran yanayi na zamani jagora

Ana yin allurar kai tsaye a nan saboda ana tura masu allurar kai tsaye zuwa ɗakunan konewa.

injin jigon alluran turbo na zamani jagora

Akan injin mai na baya-bayan nan

injin dizal allura jagora et kaikaice

A cikin injin dizal, ana sanya masu allurar kai tsaye ko a kaikaice a cikin ɗakin konewa (a kaikaice akwai ɗakin da aka haɗa da babban ɗakin, amma babu allura a cikin mashigai, kamar yadda akan man fetur tare da allurar kai tsaye). Duba nan don ƙarin bayani. Anan, zane yana iya yin nuni ga tsofaffin juzu'ai tare da allurar kai tsaye.

injin dizal allura jagora

Diesel na zamani yawanci suna da allura kai tsaye da manyan caja. An ƙara duka tarin abubuwa don tsaftacewa (Bawul ɗin EGR) da sarrafa injin lantarki ta hanyar lantarki (kwamfuta da na'urori masu auna firikwensin)

Injin mai: injin shayarwa

Kamar yadda kila kun riga kuka sani, nau'in shan ingin mai yana ƙarƙashin ƙarancin matsi mafi yawan lokaci, wato, matsa lamba tsakanin mashaya 0 zuwa 1. 1 mashaya shine (kusan) matsin yanayi a duniyarmu a matakin ƙasa, don haka wannan shine matsin lamba da muke rayuwa a ciki. Har ila yau lura cewa babu matsa lamba mara kyau, bakin kofa ba shi da sifili: cikakken vacuum. A cikin yanayin injin mai, ya zama dole don iyakance isar da iskar gas a cikin ƙananan gudu don a kiyaye rabon oxidizer / man fetur ( cakuda stoichiometric). Duk da haka, a yi hankali, to, matsa lamba ya zama daidai da matsa lamba a cikin ƙananan yanayin mu (1 mashaya) lokacin da muka cika cikakke (matsi cikakke: maƙura bude zuwa iyakar). Har ma zai wuce mashaya kuma ya isa mashaya 2 idan akwai haɓakawa (turbo wanda ke fitar da iska kuma a ƙarshe yana matsar tashar jiragen ruwa).

Shiga makaranta DESEL

A kan injin dizal, matsa lamba aƙalla mashaya 1 ne, tunda iska tana gudana yadda take so a mashigai. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a fahimci cewa canjin canjin ya canza (dangane da saurin), amma matsa lamba ya kasance ba canzawa.

Shiga makaranta LABARI

(Ƙananan kaya)

Lokacin da kuka hanzarta dan kadan, jikin maƙogwaron baya buɗewa sosai don ƙuntata iska. Wannan yana haifar da wani irin cunkoson ababen hawa. Injin yana jan iska daga gefe ɗaya (dama), yayin da bawul ɗin ƙuntatawa yana ƙuntata kwararar (hagu): an ƙirƙiri injin a mashiga, sannan matsin yana tsakanin mashaya 0 da 1.

A cikakken kaya (cikakken maƙura), bawul ɗin maƙura yana buɗewa zuwa matsakaicin kuma babu wani tasirin toshewa. Idan akwai turbocharging, matsa lamba zai kai har mashaya 2 (wannan shine kusan matsi da ke cikin taya).

Duk tsokaci da martani

karshe sharhin da aka buga:

Posted by (Rana: 2021 08:15:07)

definition of radiyo kanti

Ina I. 1 amsa (s) ga wannan sharhin:

• Admin ADAMIN JAHAR (2021-08-19 11:19:36): Akwai aljanu a kan shafin?

(Za a iya ganin post ɗinku a ƙarƙashin sharhin bayan tabbaci)

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