Dauki ... jirgin hydrogen
Tunanin gina jirgin kasa akan hydrogen ba sabon abu bane kamar yadda wasu zasu yi tunani. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wannan ra'ayin yana da alama an haɓaka sosai. Muna iya yin mamakin cewa ba da daɗewa ba za mu iya ganin locomotives na hydrogen na Poland kuma. Amma watakila yana da kyau kada a yi sharar gida.
A karshen 2019, bayanai sun bayyana cewa Bydgoszcz PESA zuwa tsakiyar 2020, yana so ya shirya wani shiri don matakan haɓaka fasahar motsa jiki bisa ga ƙwayoyin man hydrogen a cikin motocin jirgin ƙasa. A cikin shekara guda, ya kamata a fara aiwatar da su tare da haɗin gwiwar PKN ORLEN gwajin fara aiki na motoci. A ƙarshe, ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyoyin da aka haɓaka a cikin motocin jigilar kaya da kuma a cikin motocin dogo da aka yi niyya don jigilar fasinja.
Damuwar man fetur ta Poland ta sanar da gina masana'antar tsabtace hydrogen a masana'antar ORLEN Południe a Trzebin. Ya kamata a fara samar da man fetur mai tsaftar hydrogen, wanda za a yi amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki, gami da na'urorin motsa jiki na PESA da aka shirya, a shekarar 2021.
Poland, inc. godiya ga PKN ORLEN, yana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da hydrogen a duniya. A cewar hukumar gudanarwar kamfanin, a tsarin samar da kayayyaki, ya riga ya samar da kusan tan 45 a kowace awa. Yana sayar da wannan danyen kayan don motocin fasinja a tashoshi biyu a Jamus. Nan ba da dadewa ba, direbobin motoci a Jamhuriyar Czech suma za su iya yin man fetur da hydrogen, domin UNIPETROL daga kungiyar ORLEN za ta fara gina tashoshin hydrogen guda uku a can shekara mai zuwa.
Sauran kamfanonin mai na Poland kuma suna cikin ayyukan hydrogen masu ban sha'awa. LOTUS fara aiki da Toyotaa kan abin da ake shirin gina tashoshi na cike da wannan man fetur na muhalli. Kamfaninmu na iskar gas ya kuma jagoranci tattaunawar farko da Toyota. PGNiGwanda ke son zama ɗaya daga cikin jagororin haɓaka fasahar hydrogen a Poland.
Wuraren karatu sun haɗa da masana'anta, ɗakunan ajiya, tuƙin abin hawa da rarraba hanyar sadarwa ga abokan ciniki. Wataƙila Toyota yana tunani game da iyawar samfuran hydrogen ɗin ta Mirai, na gaba na gaba wanda yakamata ya shiga kasuwa a cikin 2020.
A watan Oktoba, kamfanin Yaren mutanen Poland PKP Energy Tare da haɗin gwiwar Deutsche Bahn, an ƙaddamar da ƙwayar mai don samar da madadin injin diesel a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki na gaggawa. Har ila yau, kamfanin yana son shiga cikin ci gaban fasahar hydrogen. Ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da kafofin watsa labaru ke magana akai shine sauyi zuwa hydrogen. Reda-Hel layin dogo, maimakon wutar lantarki da aka tsara.
Maganin da aka gabatar a baje kolin layin dogo na TRAKO shine abin da ake kira. Kayan ya ƙunshi nau'in hoto na hoto wanda ke hulɗa tare da tantanin man fetur na methanol, wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta daga grid na gargajiya. Lokacin da samar da makamashin hasken rana ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙwayar mai yana farawa ta atomatik. Mahimmanci, tantanin halitta kuma yana iya aiki akan man hydrogen.
Hydrail ko hydrogen dogo
Abubuwan yuwuwar aikace-aikacen layin dogo na hydrogen sun haɗa da kowane nau'in jigilar jirgin ƙasa - masu ababen hawa, fasinja, jigilar kaya, jirgin ƙasa mai sauƙi, fasinja, layin dogo na ma'adana, tsarin layin dogo na masana'antu, da madaidaitan matakan musamman a wuraren shakatawa da gidajen tarihi.
Manufar "Hydrogen Railway" () da farko da aka yi amfani da shi a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 2003 a lokacin gabatarwa a Cibiyar Tsarin Sufuri na Volpe na Sashen Sufuri na Amurka a Cambridge. Stan Thompson na AT&T sannan ya ba da gabatarwa a kan Ƙaddamarwar Mooresville Hydrail Initiative. Tun daga 2005, Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian ta Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian da Cibiyar Kasuwancin Iredell ta Kudu a Mooresville, ana gudanar da taron kasa da kasa a kan masu aikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa a kowace shekara.
An tsara su don haɗa masana kimiyya, injiniyoyi, manajojin shuka, ƙwararrun masana'antu da masu aiki waɗanda ke aiki tare ko amfani da wannan fasaha a duk duniya don raba ilimi da tattaunawa da ke haifar da haɓaka hanyoyin samar da hydrogen - dangane da kare muhalli, kariyar yanayi, makamashi. tsaro . da ci gaban tattalin arziki gabaɗaya.
Da farko dai, fasahar kwayar man fetur ta hydrogen ta kasance sananne kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a Japan da California. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, mafi yawan magana game da zuba jari da ke da alaka da wannan shine a Jamus.
Alstom-Coradia iLint jiragen kasa (1) - sanye take da sel mai da ke canza hydrogen da oxygen zuwa wutar lantarki, don haka kawar da hayaki mai cutarwa da ke da alaƙa da konewar mai, ya afka cikin layin dogo a Lower Saxony, Jamus, tun a watan Satumba na 2018. kilomita 100 - ya bi ta cikin Cuxhaven, Bremerhaven, Bremerwerde da Buxtehude, tare da maye gurbin jiragen da diesel na yanzu a can.
Tashar cikon hydrogen ta tafi da gidanka tana kara mai da jiragen kasa na Jamus. Za a jefa iskar hydrogen zuwa cikin jiragen kasa daga wani kwandon karfe mai tsayin mita 12 dake kusa da titin a tashar Bremerwerde.
A wani tashar mai, jiragen kasa na iya tafiya a kan hanyar sadarwa duk tsawon yini, wanda ya kai kilomita 1. Dangane da jadawalin, za a ƙaddamar da ƙayyadadden tashar mai a yankin da kamfanin jirgin ƙasa na EVB ke aiki a cikin 2021, lokacin da Alstom zai ba da ƙarin jiragen ƙasa 14 na Coradia iLint a ciki. Kamfanin LNG.
A watan Mayun da ya gabata, an ba da rahoton cewa Alstom zai samar da ƙarin jiragen kasa na hydrogen guda 27 Mai aiki da RMVwanda zai koma yankin Rhine-Main. Hydrogen don ma'ajiyar RMV aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa ne na dogon lokaci wanda zai fara a cikin 2022.
Kwangilar samar da kuma kula da jiragen kasan salula shine Yuro miliyan 500 na tsawon shekaru 25. Kamfanin zai dauki nauyin samar da hydrogen Infraserv GmbH & Co Hoechst KG. A Höchst kusa da Frankfurt am Main ne za a girka matatar mai ta hydrogen. Gwamnatin tarayyar Jamus za ta ba da tallafi - za ta ba da kuɗin gina tashar da kuma sayen hydrogen da kashi 40%.
2. Hybrid hydrogen locomotive gwajin a Los Angeles
A cikin Alstom na Burtaniya tare da mai ɗaukar kaya na gida Eversholt Rail Ana shirin sauya jiragen kasa na Class 321 zuwa jiragen kasa na hydrogen tare da kewayon har zuwa kilomita 1. km, motsi a iyakar gudun 140 km / h. Ya kamata a kera rukunin farko na injunan zamani na irin wannan kuma a shirye su ke don aiki a farkon 2021. Kamfanin kera na kasar Burtaniya ya kuma kaddamar da aikin jirgin kasan man fetur a bara. Vivarail.
A Faransa, kamfanin jirgin kasa mallakar gwamnati SNCF ta sanya kanta manufar kawar da jiragen dizal nan da shekarar 2035. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin, SNCF na shirin fara gwada motocin jirgin ruwa na hydrogen a cikin 2021 kuma tana tsammanin za su fara aiki gabaɗaya nan da 2022.
Ana gudanar da bincike kan jiragen kasan hydrogen shekaru da yawa a Amurka da Kanada. Alal misali, an yi la'akari da yin amfani da wannan nau'i na locomotive don sufuri a cikin filin jirgin ruwa. A 2009-2010 ya gwada su mai ɗaukar gida BNSF a Los Angeles (2). Kwanan nan kamfanin ya sami kwangilar gina jirgin fasinja mai amfani da hydrogen na farko a Amurka (3). Stadler.
Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi yiwuwar samar da karin injuna guda hudu. Mai ƙarfi ta hanyar hydrogen Furar H2 wanda aka shirya kaddamar da shi a shekarar 2024 a matsayin wani bangare na aikin layin dogo Redlands, layin kilomita 14,5 tsakanin Redlands da Metrolink a San Bernardino, California.
3. Tallan kayan aikin jirgin fasinja na farko na hydrogen a Amurka.
A karkashin yarjejeniyar, Stadler zai kera jirgin kasan hydrogen wanda zai kunshi motoci biyu a kowane bangare na bangaren wutar lantarki mai dauke da kwayoyin mai da tankokin hydrogen. Ana sa ran wannan jirgin kasan zai dauki fasinjoji 108, tare da karin wurin tsayawa da saurin gudu zuwa kilomita 130 cikin sa'a.
A Koriya ta Kudu Kamfanin Hyundai A halin yanzu yana haɓaka jirgin kasan man fetur, samfurin farko wanda ake sa ran fitar da shi a cikin 2020.
Tsare-tsaren sun yi la'akari da cewa zai iya tafiya kilomita 200 tsakanin mai, a cikin sauri har zuwa 70 km / h. Bi da bi, a Japan Kamfanin Railway na Gabashin Japan. ta sanar da wani shiri na gwada sabbin jiragen kasa na hydrogen daga shekarar 2021. Tsarin zai samar da matsakaicin saurin 100 km / h. kuma ana sa ran zai yi tafiyar kilomita 140 a kan tankin hydrogen guda daya.
Idan layin dogo na hydrogen ya zama sananne, zai buƙaci mai da duk abubuwan more rayuwa don tallafawa jigilar dogo. Ba titin jirgin kasa ba ne kawai.
An kaddamar da na farko a Japan kwanan nan. mai liquefied hydrogenSuiso Frontier. Yana da tan dubu 8 na iya aiki. An ƙera shi don jigilar ruwa mai nisa mai yawa na hydrogen, sanyaya zuwa -253 ° C, tare da raguwa a cikin rabo na 1/800 idan aka kwatanta da asalin gas.
Ya kamata jirgin ya kasance a shirye a ƙarshen 2020. Waɗannan su ne jiragen ruwa da ORLEN za su iya amfani da su don fitar da hydrogen da suke samarwa. Shin nan gaba ne mai nisa?
4. Suiso Frontier akan ruwa
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