Vladimir Kramnik shine zakaran chess na duniya

Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Garry Kasparov da Nigel Short a 1993. An kirkiro kungiyar ne sakamakon Kasparov (a lokacin zakaran duniya) da Short (wanda ya ci nasara) da rashin yarda da ka'idojin kudi na gasar zakarun duniya da FIDE (International Chess Federation) ta kafa. Daga nan ne Nigel Short ya lashe gasar share fage ta FIDE, kuma a fafatawar da 'yan takara suka yi ya doke tsohon zakaran duniya Anatoly Karpov da Jan Timman. Bayan an kore su daga FIDE, Kasparov da Short sun buga wasa a Landan a 1993, wanda ya kare da ci 12½ zuwa 7½ ga Kasparov. Fitowar SPS da shirya wasan gasar cin kofin duniya ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a duniyar dara. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an shirya wasannin gasar cin kofin duniya ta hanyoyi biyu: FIDE da kungiyoyi da Kasparov ya kafa. Vladimir Kramnik ya zama zakaran duniya na kungiyar Braingames (ci gaba da PCA) a 2000 bayan ya ci Kasparov. A shekara ta 2006, an gudanar da wasan gama gari na gasar zakarun duniya, sakamakon wanda Vladimir Kramnik ya zama zakaran daraktan dara na duniya.

1. Matashi Volodya Kramnik, tushen: http://bit.ly/3pBt9Ci

Vladimir Borisovich Kramnyk (Rasha: Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik) an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1975 a Tuapse, yankin Krasnodar, a bakin tekun Black Sea. Mahaifinsa yayi karatu a Academy of Arts kuma ya zama sculptor da artist. Mahaifiyarta ta sauke karatu daga Conservatory a Lvov kuma daga baya yi aiki a matsayin malamin kiɗa. Tun yana karami, Volodya ana daukarsa a matsayin abin alfahari a garinsu (1). Lokacin da yake dan shekara 3, ya kalli wasannin da babban yayansa da mahaifinsa suke bugawa. Ganin kadan sha'awar Vladimir, baba ya kafa matsala mai sauƙi a kan chessboard, kuma yaron ba zato ba tsammani, kusan nan da nan, ya warware shi daidai. Ba da da ewa bayan wannan, Volodya fara wasa dara ga mahaifinsa. Yana da shekaru 10 ya riga ya kasance dan wasa mafi kyau a duk Tuapse. Lokacin da Vladimir shekaru 11 da haihuwa, dukan iyali koma Moscow. Akwai ya halarci makarantar basirar chess, wanda wani tsohon ne ya kirkira da gudu ya taimaka wajen horarwa Garry Kasparov. Iyayensa kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban basirar Vladimir, har ma mahaifinsa ya bar aikinsa don bi da dansa zuwa gasa.

A sha biyar hazikin dan wasan dara yana iya wasa makaho a lokaci guda tare da abokan hamayya ashirin! Karkashin matsin lamba daga Kasparov, matashi Kramnik ya kasance cikin tawagar chess ta Rasha kuma yana dan shekara 16 kacal ya wakilci kasar Rasha a gasar Chess Olympiad a Manila. Bai yanke fatansa ba, kuma a cikin wasanni tara da ya buga a gasar Olympics, ya samu nasara a wasanni takwas, ya kuma yi kunnen doki daya. A shekarar 1995, ya samu nasararsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya da aka yi a Dortmund, ba tare da shan kashi ko daya ba a gasar. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Kramnik ya ci gaba da baje kolinsa na kyawawan wasanni kuma ya lashe gasa guda 9 a Dortmund.

Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Match Braingames

A 2000 a London Kramnik ya buga gasar zakarun duniya tare da Kasparov by Braingames (2). A wasa mai cike da tashin hankali na wasanni 16, Kramnik ba zato ba tsammani ya doke malaminsa Kasparov, wanda ya ci gaba da zama a kan karagar dara na shekaru 16 da suka gabata.

2. Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov, wasa don gasar zakarun duniya na kungiyar Braingames, tushen: https://bit.ly/3cozwoR

Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov

Braingames Wasan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na London, Zagaye na 10, Oktoba 24.10.2000, XNUMX

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Sc3 Gb4 4.e3 O -O 5.Gd3 d5 6.Sf3 c5 7.OO c:d4 8.e:d4 d:c4 9.G:c4 b6 10.Gg5 Gb7 11.We1 Nbd7 12.Wc1 Wc8 13.Hb3 Ge7 14.G:f6 S:f6 15.G:e6 (tsari na 3) f:e6? (Na yi wasa 15... Rc7 16.Sg5 N: d4 17.S: f7 Bc5 18.Sd6 + Kh8 19.S: b7 H: f2 + kuma Black yana da ramuwa ga pawn da aka ba). 16.H: e6 + Kh8 17.H: e7 G: f3 18.g: f3 Q: d4 19.Sb5 H: b2? (ya fi 19...Qd2 20.W:c8 W:c8 21.Sd6 Rb8 22.Sc4 Qd5 23.H: a7 Ra8 tare da ƴan fifikon farar fata) 20.R: c8 R: c8 21.Nd6 Rb8 22.Nf7 + Kg8 23.Qe6 Rf8 24.Nd8 + Kh8 25.Qe7 1-0 (Shafi na 4).

3. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, matsayi bayan motsi 15.G: e6

4. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, kammala matsayi bayan 25th motsa He7

Vladimir Kramnik bai yi rashin nasara ba ko da wasa a wannan wasa, kuma yana da bashin nasararsa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, don amfani da bambance-bambancen "Bangaren Berlin", wanda aka kirkira bayan motsi: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 (tsari na 5) 4.OO S:e4 5.d4 Sd6 6.G:c6 d:c6 7.d:e5 Sf5 8.H:d8 K:d8 (tsari na 6).

5. Katangar Berlin daga bangaren Spain

6. Bambancin "Bangaren Berlin" na Vladimir Kramnik.

Ganuwar Berlin a cikin Jam'iyyar Mutanen Espanya Tana da sunanta ga makarantar chess na ƙarni na 2000 a Berlin, wanda ya sa wannan bambance-bambancen don yin nazari a hankali. Ya kasance a cikin inuwa na dogon lokaci, wanda mafi kyawun 'yan wasan chess ba su yi la'akari da shi ba shekaru da yawa, har zuwa XNUMX, lokacin da Kramnik ya yi amfani da shi a wasan da suka yi. Kasparov. A cikin wannan bambancin, Black ba zai iya yin jifa ba (ko da yake idan babu sarauniya wannan ba shi da mahimmanci) kuma yana da ninki biyu. Shirin Black shine ya rufe duk hanyoyin zuwa sansaninsa kuma yayi amfani da manzannin biyu. Wannan zabin wani lokaci Black yana zaɓar lokacin da zane ya kasance kyakkyawan sakamako na gasar.

Kramnik ya yi amfani da shi sau hudu a wannan wasan. Kasparov da tawagarsa sun kasa samun maganin katangar Berlin, kuma mai kalubalantar ya samu sauki. Sunan "Bangaren Berlin" yana nufin amincin farkonsa na farko; shi ne sunan karfe ko ƙarfafa abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don tabbatar da hakowa mai zurfi ("Bangaren Berlin").

7. Vladimir Kramnik a gasar Corus Chess, Wijk aan Zee, 2005, tushen: http://bit.ly/36rzYPc

A cikin Oktoba 2002 Mai shago na Bahrain kunnen doki a wasan takwas da na'urar chess Deep Fritz 7 (mafi girma: matsayi miliyan 3,5 a sakan daya). Kudaden kyautar dala miliyan daya ne. Dukansu kwamfuta da ɗan adam sun ci nasara wasanni biyu. Kramnik ya kusa samun nasara a wannan wasa, ba tare da saninsa ba a wasa na shida. Mutumin ya samu nasara sau biyu a sauƙaƙan matsayi, alal misali, inda kwamfutoci suka yi ƙasa da ɗan adam, kuma kusan ya yi nasara a wasa na huɗu. Ya yi rashin nasara a wasa daya saboda babban kuskuren dabara, da kuma wani saboda rawar da ya taka a wani matsayi mai fa'ida.

A 2004, Kramnyk kare lakabi na duniya zakara. kungiyar Braingames, wacce ta buga kunnen doki da dan kasar Hungarian Peter Leko a birnin Brissago na kasar Switzerland (bisa ka’idar wasan, Kramnik ya ci gaba da rike kambun a kunnen doki). A halin da ake ciki, ya halarci gasa da yawa na dara tare da ƙwararrun ƴan wasan dara a duniya, ciki har da waɗanda ake gudanarwa duk shekara a birnin Holland. Wijk a Zee, yawanci a cikin rabi na biyu na Janairu ko kuma a farkon Janairu da Fabrairu (7). Poles biyu suna shiga gasar Wimbledon da ake bugawa a halin yanzu a Wijk aan Zee mai suna Tata Steel Chess: da.

Wasan kambun haɗe-haɗe na zakaran chess na duniya

A watan Satumba 2006, a Elista (babban birnin kasar na Kalmykia Jamhuriyar Rasha), wani wasa na hadin kai lakabi na duniya dara zakara ya faru tsakanin Vladimir Kramnik da Bulgarian Veselin Topalov (champion na duniya Chess Federation) (8).

8. Vladimir Kramnik (a hagu) da Veselin Topalov a wasan farko na wasan don lashe kambun zakaran dara na duniya a 2006, majiyar Mergen Bembinov, Associated Press.

Wannan wasa yana tare da mafi shahara badakalar dara (abin da ake kira "bankatun bayan gida") wanda ke da alaƙa da zargin taimakon kwamfuta mara izini. Kramnik Manajan Topalov ya zargi kansa da tallafa wa kansa a cikin shirin Fritz 9 a cikin bayan gida na kansa. Bayan rufe banɗaki daban-daban, Kramnik, a matsayin alamar nuna rashin amincewa, bai fara wasa na gaba, na biyar ba (kuma yana jagorantar 3: 1) kuma ya rasa shi ta hanyar fasaha. Bayan an bude bandaki aka kammala wasan. Bayan manyan wasanni 12 maki ya kasance 6:6, Kramnik ya ci 2,5:1,5 a cikin karin lokaci. Bayan wannan wasan, a yawancin manyan wasannin dara, ana duba ’yan wasa da na’urorin gano karfe kafin su shiga dakin wasan.

Bayan lashe kofin duniya, Kramnik ya buga wasa shida da shirin kwamfuta Deep Fritz 10 a Bonn., Nuwamba 25 - Disamba 5, 2006 (9).

9. Kramnik - Deep Fritz 10, Bonn 2006, tushen: http://bit.ly/3j435Nz

10. Koma mataki na Deep Fritz 10 - Kramnik, Bonn, 2006

Kwamfutar ta yi nasara da maki 4:2 ( nasara biyu da 4 sun yi canjaras). Wannan shine karo na ƙarshe da aka yi karo da na'uran ɗan adam, wanda aka kiyasta kusan matsayi miliyan takwas a kowace daƙiƙa guda, tare da zurfin tsakiyar wasan har zuwa 17-18. A wannan lokacin, Fritz shine injin na 3rd - 4th a duniya. Kramnik ya karɓi Yuro 500 10 don farawa, kuma yana iya karɓar miliyan don cin nasara. A zagayen farko da aka yi, Kramnik bai yi amfani da damar samun nasara ba. Wasan na biyu ya zama sananne saboda dalili ɗaya: a cikin daidaitaccen wasan ƙarshe, Kramnik mate a cikin motsi ɗaya, wanda yawanci ake kira kuskure na har abada (Fig. 34). A cikin wannan matsayi, Kramnik ya buga ba zato ba tsammani ya buga 3 ... He35 ??, sannan ya karbi checkmate 7.Qh3 ≠. A wani taron manema labaru da aka shirya bayan wasan, Kramnik ba zai iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ya yi wannan kuskure ba, ya bayyana cewa yana jin dadi a wannan rana, ya buga wasan daidai, ya ƙidaya daidaitattun HeXNUMX, sa'an nan kuma ya duba sau da yawa, amma kamar yadda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya yi. canjawa wuri m eclipses, ikon outages.

Wasanni uku na gaba sun tashi kunnen doki. A wasa na karshe, na shida, wanda babu abin da ya rasa kuma dole ne ya je karshen, Kramnik ya taka leda mara kyau. Bambancin Naidorf a cikin Sicilian tsaro - kuma rasa sake. Daga wannan taron, daukacin duniyar chess, musamman masu daukar nauyin gasar, sun fahimci cewa za a buga irin wannan wasan baje kolin na gaba ne da manufa daya, domin mai nakasa ba shi da wata dama a wasan duel da kwamfuta.

31 Disamba 2006 Zakaran chess na duniya Vladimir Kramnik ya auri 'yar jaridar Faransa Marie-Laure Germont, kuma an yi bikin auren cocin a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu a Cathedral Alexander Nevsky da ke Paris (11). Bikin ya samu halartar 'yan uwa da abokan arziki, alal misali, wakilin Faransa tun 1982, wanda shi ne zakaran dara na duniya na goma.

11. Sarki da Sarauniyarsa: Bikin aure na Orthodox a cikin Alexander Nevsky Cathedral a Paris, tushen: Hotuna daga bikin auren Vladimir Kramnik | ChessBase

Vladimir Kramnik ya yi rashin nasara a gasar zakarun duniya a shekara ta 2007 Vishwanatana Ananda a wata gasa a Mexico. A shekara ta 2008 a Bonn shi ma ya sha kashi a hannun zakaran gasar duniya Viswanathan Anand a 4½:6½.

Kramnik ya wakilci Rasha sau da yawa a cikin gasa, ciki har da sau takwas a Chess Olympiads (sau uku zloty a cikin tawagar da sau uku zloty a cikin mutum gasar). A 2013, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya da aka gudanar a Antalya (Turkiyya).

Kramnik ya yi niyyar yin ritaya daga aikin dara yana da shekaru 40, amma ya zamana cewa har yanzu yana taka leda a matakin koli, yana da mafi girman kima a rayuwarsa yana da shekaru 41. Oktoba 1, 2016 tare da maki 2817. A halin yanzu, har yanzu yana cikin mafi kyawun duniya kuma matsayinsa na 2763 Jan 1 shine 2021.

12. Vladimir Kramnik a sansanin horon fitattun yaran Indiya a garin Chene-sur-Leman na Faransa a watan Agusta 2019, hoto: Amruta Mokal

A halin yanzu, Vladimir Kramnik yana ba da ƙarin lokaci don ilmantar da matasa 'yan wasan dara (12). A ranar 7-18 ga Janairu, 2020, tsohon zakaran duniya ya halarci sansanin horo a Chennai (Madras), Indiya (13). Matasa ’yan wasa 12 masu hazaka daga Indiya masu shekaru 16-10 (ciki har da mafi kyawun halin yanzu a duniya a rukunin shekarun su D. Gukesh da R. Praggnanandaa) sun shiga sansanin horo na kwanaki XNUMX. Ya kuma kasance malami na horar da manyan yara a duniya. Boris Gelfand - Babban malamin Belarus wanda ke wakiltar Isra'ila, mataimakin zakaran duniya a 2012.

13. Vladimir Kramnik da Boris Gelfand sun horar da ƙwararrun yara na Indiya a Chennai, hoto: Amruta Mokal, ChessBase India

Kramniks suna zaune a Geneva, suna da 'ya'ya biyu, 'yar Daria (an haifi 2008) (shekaru 14) da ɗan Vadim (an haifi 2013). Wataƙila 'ya'yansu za su bi sawun sanannen mahaifin nan gaba.

14. Vladimir Kramnik da 'yarsa Daria, tushen: https://bit.ly/3akwBL9

Jerin sunayen zakarun chess na duniya

Cikakkun zakarun duniya

1. Wilhelm Steinitz, 1886-1894

2. Immanuel Lasker, 1894-1921

3. Jose Raul Capablanca, 1921-1927

4. Aleksandr Alechin, 1927-1935 da 1937-1946

5. Max Euwe, 1935–1937

6. Mikhail Botvinnik, 1948-1957, 1958-1960 da 1961-1963.

7. Vasily Smyslov, 1957-1958

8. Mikhail Tal, 1960-1961

9. Tigran Petrosyan, 1963-1969

10. Boris Spassky, 1969-1972

11. Bobby Fischer, 1972-1975

12. Anatoly Karpov, 1975-1985

13. Garry Kasparov, 1985-1993

PCA/Braingames Zakarun Duniya (1993-2006)

1. Garry Kasparov, 1993-2000

2. Vladimir Kramnyk, 2000-2006.

FIDE Zakarun Duniya (1993-2006)

1. Anatoly Karpov, 1993-1999

2. Alexander Chalifman, 1999-2000

3. Viswanathan Anand, 2000-2002

4. Ruslan Ponomarev, 2002-2004

5. Rustam Kasymdzhanov, 2004-2005.

Veselin Topalov, 6-2005

Zakarun duniya marasa jayayya (bayan haɗewa)

14. Vladimir Kramnyk, 2006-2007.

15. Viswanathan Anand, 2007-2013

16. Magnus Carlsen, tun 2013